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The quality of public service is one of the indicators of the success of local governments in the context of regional autonomy. This research examines the implementation of the Integrated Administrative Services Program (PATEN) in Kalidawir District, Tulungagung Regency, as a strategy to bring administrative services closer to the community. This study aims to determine the quality of PATEN services and identify the inhibiting factors in optimizing the conduct of public services. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and interviews, and then analyzed interactively using the Miles and Huberman model. This study adopts five dimensions of service quality according to Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman, namely: physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The research findings indicate that the implementation of PATEN in Kalidawir District has good performance in terms of service infrastructure, procedural accuracy, responsiveness, and transparency. The inclusivity of services is supported by facilities such as child-friendly rooms and breastfeeding rooms. The staff always implements SOP, provides timely services, and maintains professional behavior. However, there are two main obstacles that hinder the optimization of services: inadequate infrastructure for the elderly and persons with disabilities, as well as limited public understanding of service procedures. These challenges affect access, efficiency, and perceptions of service delivery. This study concludes that although PATEN services in Kalidawir District meet general standards, improving inclusive facilities and communication strategies is essential for more equitable and effective service outcomes.  

This research is a qualitative descriptive study aimed at understanding and analyzing the performance of the Secretariat employees at the Ambon City General Election Commission (KPU) in 2024. The study was conducted at the Ambon City KPU. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation with a total of 10 informants who were considered directly involved in the role of the Secretariat employees’ performance in organizing the local election. The results of this study indicate that the performance of administrative services is not yet optimal or has not been implemented properly. This can be seen from the research findings regarding service standards, which include several indicators: service procedures, completion time, facilities and infrastructure, and the competence of service officers. The study concludes that improvements are needed in discipline, knowledge, skills, and expertise of the officers so that the service process can be carried out effectively.

Guest comfort is a key indicator of hotel service quality, strongly influenced by the professionalism of Room Attendants and the cleanliness of guest rooms. This study aims to analyze the role of Room Attendant professionalism in maintaining room cleanliness standards at Hotel Grand Mercure Solo Baru. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews with three housekeeping staff members were conducted. The findings show that Room Attendant professionalism contributes directly to room cleanliness and positively impacts guest comfort. Professional attitude, discipline, and responsibility are crucial in ensuring room quality. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of attention to detail, commitment to cleanliness standards, and proactive approaches to maintaining guest rooms. The research also found that regular training and management support are vital for improving Room Attendant professionalism. Encouraging staff to take ownership and motivating them to uphold cleanliness standards is essential. Effective communication between staff and management helps identify and address challenges in room cleanliness practices. The study emphasizes that a motivated and well-trained team contributes significantly to guest satisfaction and loyalty, which in turn supports the hotel's reputation and encourages repeat business. The study suggests that investing in the professional development of Room Attendants is crucial for long-term success in the hospitality industry. It also recommends ongoing performance evaluations, regular feedback, and motivational initiatives to continuously improve service quality. These measures are essential for enhancing guest satisfaction, improving employee morale, and maintaining a competitive edge in the hospitality sector, ultimately contributing to sustainable growth, success, and better overall guest experiences for the hotel.

This study aims to describe the dynamics of school leadership at a primary school affected by limited leadership experience and health-related constraints. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and in-depth interviews with several teachers, the findings reveal that the principal adopts a situational leadership style characterized by flexible and delegative practices. The principal places significant trust in senior teachers to carry out daily operational functions and decision-making processes. While this strategy fosters teacher autonomy and ensures the continuity of school activities, it also reveals weaknesses in supervision, quality control, and the symbolic presence of leadership. The lack of direct supervision results in unclear performance evaluations and weak program coordination. The study concludes that the effectiveness of situational leadership relies heavily on the strength of interpersonal relationships among staff and the existence of supportive internal systems. It is recommended that the principal strengthen the management team and establish a more structured communication system to sustain leadership quality and educational standards.

Good corporate governance, or GCG, is essential to achieve the primary goal of all financial institutions, including Islamic banks, which is to improve financial performance. How the financial performance of banks is affected when Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is implemented in Islam is the main concern of this study. Islamic banks must balance adherence to moral standards with financial efficiency to uphold Shariah principles in practice. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the extent to which GCG involvement can significantly enhance the financial success of Islamic banks. This study uses quantitative methodology that includes multiple regression analysis and descriptive techniques. Secondary data can be found in the annual reports of Islamic banks for a certain period of time registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Several GCG indicators have been analyzed, including the sharia supervisory board, audit committee, board of commissioners structure, and information transparency. When evaluating financial performance measures, Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA) ratios are used. An investigation is conducted to confirm the causal relationship between these parameters.

Healthy financial performance is a target that a company wants to achieve which can be influenced by many factors both internally and externally. In this study, remuneration, risk management and corporate governance are the variables chosen to find their influence on financial performance. State-owned enterprises or BUMN are the research samples with a total of 20 BUMN from 2019 - 2023. Qualitative descriptive analysis methods are used with secondary data as a supporting tool for the research. Secondary data comes from journals, articles or annual reports of companies in the form of non-numerical data such as standards, policies or rules used in BUMN operations. The results of the study show that remuneration, risk management and corporate governance do not affect financial performance for various reasons. Remuneration has no effect because the number of workers from each BUMN is different and has a different remuneration policy. While risk management has no effect because liquidity risk cannot be the only risk that can be used, meaning that there needs to be intervention from other risks. Corporate governance has no effect because of the difference in the number of directors and the change of directors which results in changes in policy or culture.

This lesson is to construct a durable and efficient form rigid pavement by utilizing the structural analysis and material performance approach. Rigid pavement is the main choice in highway construction because of its ability to bear heavy loads and its relatively long service life. The research methodology involves structural analysis to determine the optimal thickness and type of material for rigid pavement. This structural analysis considers various factors, including the estimated traffic load, subgrade characteristics, and local environmental conditions. In addition, material performance evaluation is also carried out to select materials that are appropriate to environmental conditions and meet technical requirements. The results of this study are recommendations for rigid pavement planning that include the right thickness, optimal material type, and construction specifications that are in accordance with applicable technical standards. The results of Rigid Pavement Thickness Planning using the Bina Marga 2003 Method on the Sumbermiri - Gudo Jombang Road case study produced a concrete slab thickness of  20 cm with K-300 concrete quality. In addition, the reinforcement used has a diameter of Ø 12 mm with a distance between reinforcements of  8,5 cm.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in the economy, but often face obstacles in accessing financing. Credit performance guarantee is one of the mechanisms to mitigate risks for financial institutions. Along with the development of financial technology, innovative credit scoring emerged as an alternative method of assessing the creditworthiness of MSMEs. This research aims to analyze the legal effectiveness of the application of MSME credit performance guarantees based on innovative credit scoring. This research uses a normative juridical method with qualitative juridical analysis to try to examine and analyze the problems studied. The application of innovative credit scoring in MSME credit performance guarantees has the potential to increase the legal effectiveness of guarantees through a more comprehensive and accurate risk assessment. However, its implementation requires regulatory clarity regarding scoring standards, personal data protection, and dispute resolution mechanisms. An adaptive and responsive legal framework to technological innovation is crucial to optimize the role of innovative credit scoring in strengthening the effectiveness of MSME credit performance guarantees and promoting financial inclusion.      

Evaluation of Islamic educational institutions is a systematic process to assess the extent to which Islamic educational institutions carry out their functions, achieve their goals, and meet the established quality standards, both in terms of managerial, administrative, and academic aspects. This evaluation not only functions as a performance measurement tool, but also as a means of reflection and continuous improvement in order to improve the quality of education based on Islamic values. The dimensions of institutional evaluation include various important aspects such as the vision and mission of the institution, curriculum, educators, students, community facilities and infrastructure, institutional management, and the relationship between the institution and. The main purpose of this evaluation is to ensure the quality of education, encourage public accountability, and ensure the relevance of the institution to the needs of the times and the demands of Islamic law. In its context, institutional evaluation is not only administrative and technocratic, but also transformative, namely serving to guide institutions in carrying out comprehensive structural and cultural improvements in order to be able to produce generations that excel spiritually, intellectually, and socially.

The Snail Canning Industry has the potential to impact the environment if wastewater with high organic compound content is not treated first. This study aims to analyze the performance of the Snail Canning Industry Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) based on BOD, COD, and TSS parameters. The method used is descriptive, with primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data from laboratory test results. Measurements were taken at the inlet and outlet points of the WWTP, then compared with the quality standards based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 5 of 2014. The results showed that the WWTP succeeded in reducing the concentration of BOD from 201 mg/L to 6 mg/L, COD from 315 mg/L to 24 mg/L, and TSS from 25 mg/L to 6 mg/L. The reduction efficiency of each parameter was 97.01% for BOD, 92.38% for COD, and 76% for TSS. All outlet results met the established quality standards. This indicates that the wastewater treatment process at the IPAL functions effectively in reducing the levels of pollutant parameters in wastewater.

Research aims to design and develop a boiler system for heating Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) 180 CST by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enhance efficiency and operational monitoring. The methods used include boiler system design, selection of types and materials according to international standards, and the implementation of an optimal combustion system. IoT sensors are strategically placed to monitor key parameters such as temperature, pressure, and fluid flow in real-time. The collected data is transmitted to a cloud platform, enabling remote monitoring and automated performance analysis through a web or mobile-based application.. The research results indicate that IoT integration in the boiler system improves fuel heating efficiency, optimizes energy consumption, and facilitates easier monitoring and process control. Testing includes pressure tests, combustion efficiency, steam capacity, and material durability, with real-time monitoring to support performance analysis and early problem detection. Operational data evaluation allows for design adjustments or system settings to further enhance energy efficiency. With this innovation, the boiler system can operate more optimally, support energy efficiency, and facilitate predictive maintenance for sustainable industrial operations. The implementation of IoT in this system is expected to improve safety, effectiveness, and automation in boiler management, making it a more reliable and modern solution.

In educational research, identifying variables and determining data sources are essential components in designing a systematic and accurate study. Research variables refer to the elements that are observed and measured within a study. These variables can include student achievement, motivation, teaching strategies, or learning environment conditions. Generally, variables are categorized as independent, dependent, control, or moderator variables. The independent variable is the influencing factor, while the dependent variable is the outcome. Control variables are held constant to avoid interference, and moderator variables affect the strength or direction of the relationship. The process of identifying variables begins with formulating the research problem and objectives. By reviewing theoretical frameworks and previous studies, researchers can focus their investigation on measurable aspects. For instance, in a study about the effectiveness of online learning on student performance, the independent variable is online learning, while the dependent variable is student achievement. Beyond identifying variables, researchers must also determine the appropriate types of data sources. Data sources are generally divided into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary data are collected directly from research subjects, such as through interviews, observations, or questionnaires. Secondary data, on the other hand, are obtained from existing sources like documents, books, journals, or official reports. The choice of data source must align with the research approach—quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. In quantitative research, primary data such as test scores or survey responses are used to measure variables numerically. In qualitative research, in-depth interviews and observations are commonly used to explore meanings and context. Using both types of data in combination can enhance data validity through triangulation. Ultimately, researchers must ensure the validity and reliability of their data, while also maintaining ethical standards in data collection and reporting. By understanding how to identify variables and select appropriate data sources, educational research can yield credible findings that contribute meaningfully to educational theory and practice.

The Internal Quality Assurance System (SPMI) is a strategic mechanism for directing and controlling the quality of education through continuous planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up processes. This study aims to describe and analyze the management of SPMI in improving the performance of Vocational High Schools (SMK), with research sites at SMK Bina Teknologi Subang and SMK Al-Mufti Purwadadi. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines the implementation of management functions based on the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) cycle within the context of educational quality assurance. The results indicate that the implementation of SPMI contributes positively to improving school performance, particularly in meeting and exceeding the National Education Standards (SNP), as reflected in the school self-evaluation results and recommendations in the education report card. Furthermore, the implementation of SPMI encourages schools to carry out root-cause-based improvements through systematic program planning, activity development, and priority setting. These findings highlight that the success of SPMI is strongly influenced by consistent implementation and the commitment of all school stakeholders. The Novelty of this study lies in the development of a hypothetical SPMI model based on performance management, which is relevant for enhancing the quality and competitiveness of vocational schools in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) at PT PLN Nusantara Power Unit Pembangkitan Gresik in reducing pollutant loads from domestic wastewater. The evaluation involves analyzing water quality parameters including pH, BOD, COD, TSS, oil and grease, total ammonia, and total coliform at both inlet and outlet of the STP. Additionally, the actual daily discharge was observed and compared to the design capacity to assess operational efficiency. The method used was descriptive qualitative, involving field observation, documentation, and laboratory test data analysis during the January–March 2025 period. The results show that all outlet parameters met the effluent standards set by Regulation No. 68/2016 of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. However, the actual flow rate, which is only 1.6–3.3% of the design capacity, indicates potential inefficiencies in energy use and biological processes. Therefore, operational adjustments and optimization of STP capacity utilization are necessary for more efficient and sustainable system performance.

Pressure vessels are critical components in the energy industry, used to store and process high-pressure fluids. The structural reliability of these vessels plays a pivotal role in ensuring operational safety and system efficiency. This study aims to analyze the design and reliability of pressure vessels using both numerical and experimental approaches to optimize performance and enhance safety factors. The numerical method was conducted through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS software to evaluate stress distribution, stress concentration, and potential failure modes under various operational load scenarios. Meanwhile, the experimental method involved hydrostatic pressure testing, strain measurements using strain gauges, and displacement analysis to validate the numerical simulation results. Data were collected from simulations and laboratory experiments, then analyzed quantitatively by comparing key parameters such as stress distribution, deformation patterns, and safety factors against industry standards. The results indicate that combining numerical and experimental approaches improves the accuracy of pressure vessel behavior predictions, enables more efficient design optimization, and enhances structural reliability. In conclusion, the methods applied in this study can serve as a reference for developing safer, more efficient pressure vessel designs that comply with industrial standards, thereby supporting improved safety and operational efficiency in the energy sector.

The Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) is essential infrastructure for ensuring access to clean water. SPAM Tembudan, located in Batu Putih District, Berau Regency, plays a key role in supplying raw water for both domestic and non-domestic uses. This study analyzes the sustainability of SPAM Tembudan by evaluating raw water quality, availability, and system efficiency. Primary data were collected through field surveys, water sampling, and interviews with operators and residents. Water quality was assessed based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters, following Ministry of Health Regulation No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010. Availability was evaluated through flow rate measurements and community water demand, while system efficiency was assessed by examining treatment efficiency and water loss (Non-Revenue Water/NRW). Findings reveal that most water quality parameters meet national standards, though some show signs of potential contamination. In terms of availability, raw water is currently sufficient to meet demand, but seasonal changes particularly during the dry season threaten long-term sustainability. The analysis also identifies inefficiencies in the distribution network, with notable water losses that need addressing. To ensure the long-term sustainability of SPAM Tembudan, the study recommends enhancing the treatment process, improving raw water resource management, and reducing distribution losses. Encouraging community involvement and strengthening the capacity of local operators are also critical for maintaining the system’s performance. These strategies aim to secure reliable, high-quality drinking water for the community while supporting sustainable resource use.

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the impact of the implementation of PSAK No. 69 (Biological Assets) on market performance, with company performance acting as a mediating variable, in agricultural sector companies listed in Indonesia. PSAK No. 69 was adopted to improve transparency and reliability in the financial reporting of biological assets, which are a significant component in the agricultural industry. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data derived from the annual financial reports of companies and stock price information accessed via the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the official websites of relevant companies for the period of 2018–2023.The study investigates the relationship between the intensity of biological assets and company performance, as measured by Return on Equity (ROE), as well as the relationship between company performance and market performance, as measured by Stock Return. The analysis results indicate that the intensity of biological assets has a significant positive impact on ROE. However, the direct effect of biological asset intensity on Stock Return is not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the mediation test reveals that ROE has a significant positive effect on Stock Return, thereby confirming the mediating role of ROE in the relationship between biological asset intensity and Stock Return.These findings imply that the implementation of PSAK No. 69 indirectly affects market performance through its influence on company performance. This highlights the importance of financial performance as a transmission channel in understanding the market implications of accounting regulation changes. The study provides useful insights for investors, regulators, and other stakeholders in evaluating the financial and market consequences of biological asset accounting standards in the agricultural sector.

Financial reports are vital for investment and financial decision-making, as they reflect a company's financial performance and provide key insights for investors and institutions. However, challenges such as accounting errors, financial manipulation, and non-compliance with accounting standards can impact the quality of financial reports (QFR). Auditors play a crucial role in ensuring QFR by examining and verifying financial statements, enhancing investor confidence, financial stability, and economic growth. This study examines the role of auditors in improving QFR in commercial banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. Using a descriptive analytical approach, the research reviews prior studies and analyzes data from 15 commercial banks operating in the Iraq Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2021. Hypotheses were tested using Eviews-12 software. Findings indicate that auditors influence QFR through corporate governance, particularly via the board of directors, which plays a crucial role in ensuring sound auditing practices. Board independence and management ownership significantly reduce financial manipulation, aiding informed investment decisions. The study recommends increasing awareness of the auditor’s role, strengthening corporate governance mechanisms, and enhancing financial analysts' and auditors' effectiveness in reporting and forecasting. Training and development programs are also suggested to improve financial report quality in commercial banks.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Public Service Bureaucratic Reform and the factors that support and hinder Public Service Bureaucratic Reform at the Office of the Special Class 1 Immigration Checkpoint for the City of Surabaya. The research method to be used is qualitative descriptive. Data Collection Techniques include: Interviews, Observations, Documentation. The research informant is the Head of the Suarabaya Special Class I Immigration Office. The data analysis technique using interactive model analysis was developed by Miles et al., (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that in the institutional aspect in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning immigration, the institutional arrangement at the Immigration Office is divided into several parts according to their duties and functions. The current posture of organization is relatively slimmer and flat (not very hierarchical). In the resource aspect, human resource improvement is also carried out through the internal office, namely through performance evaluation meetings. In terms of governance, organizational units/work units within the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office currently have and implement systems, procedures, and work mechanisms, as well as service standards that are more standard, clear, efficient, and effective, supported by the optimal use of adequate information and communication technology. Supporting Factors for Bureaucratic Reform at the Special Class I Immigration Office in Surabaya are Productive Apparatus, Representative Policies, and Employee Capacity Building. The inhibiting factor is that there is still a practice of brokerage.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Public service performance and what are the inhibiting factors that affect the performance of public services at the Tuban Regency Fire and Rescue Service.  The type of research used is qualitative research. The data analysis technique in the study uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that the Public Service Performance of the Tuban Regency Fire and Rescue Service is quite good, this is based on the Realization of the Indicator of Achieving Minimum Service Standards for Basic Service Types in 2023, Rescue and Evacuation Services for Fire Victims reached 96.89%. Based on the elements of the service procedure The performance is good, the media used for the service procedure is clear, displaying a picture of the flow of complaint procedures. Based on the element of service time including completion time, the requirements are good. The completion time for settlements, industrial areas, and public buildings is a maximum of 15 minutes, and for certain forest and fire areas is a maximum of 60 minutes.  Based on the element of Service Transparency is good, there is a bulletin board that provides information about services, requirements, costs, completion times and management mechanisms. Based on the Ease of Service element is good, the location of the Tuban Regency Fire Service counter is easily accessible and strategically located, the service procedure is easy to understand. Based on the element of justice The service is good, providing services to people who need help is not picky, anyone who reports and asks for help will be assisted according to their ability. Based on the element of competence of service officers, officers are equipped with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). Inhibiting factors include: Lack of public understanding of fire hazards and people's readiness to face and overcome fires is very low. Lack of Facilities and Infrastructure, only has 3 auxiliary posts. The Tuban Regency Fire Department has 6 fire engines, and does not yet have a Power Supply Vehicle. Limited Human Resources where in each sub-district post there are 16 personnel on standby and 1 fire truck, only 15 personnel have participated in a number of trainings. But only 4 of them have certification