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Introduction: Cocoa farmers are prone to experiencing neck muscle pain due to repetitive physical activities with prolonged duration. Neck muscle pain can reduce productivity and quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the effect of static stretching exercises on reducing neck muscle pain among cocoa farmers in Candikusuma Village. Methods: This research used a pre-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with a total of 62 respondents. The static stretching exercise intervention was conducted for 1 week with a frequency of 2 sessions and a duration of 30 minutes per session. The research instrument used the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, resulting in a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05), indicating a significant effect of static stretching exercises on reducing neck muscle pain among cocoa farmers. Discussion: Static stretching exercises can be recommended as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce neck muscle pain in the cocoa farmer population.    

Myogenic low back pain is a complaint of pain in the lower back area caused by disorders of muscle tissue or tendons, without nerve involvement. This complaint is often experienced by individuals who perform repetitive physical activities or maintain a hunched sitting position for long periods, resulting in muscle fatigue and discomfort. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of McKenzie Exercise and infrared therapy in reducing myogenic low back pain. The study design used a one-group pre- and post-test with control design, with a total of 20 employees in the rehabilitation unit of RSU Medika Tanjung Mulia who had met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Group I received McKenzie Exercise and infrared therapy interventions along with standard hospital therapy, while Group II only received standard hospital therapy. Pain levels were measured using a Numeric Rating Scale before and after the intervention. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in pain in both groups after the intervention, with a p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). In addition, the results of the comparison between groups showed that the group receiving McKenzie Exercise and infrared therapy experienced a greater reduction in pain than the control group. This suggests that the combination of McKenzie Exercise and infrared therapy is more effective in reducing myogenic low back pain. This study recommends the use of both interventions as part of the physiotherapy management of low back pain caused by muscle disorders.  

Menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea is a common complaint experienced by adolescent girls throughout the world has shown that the incidence of dysmenorrhea is quite high, namely 43-93% of women experience dysmenorrhea and 5-10% of them experience very severe dysmenorrhea and leave their activities 1-3 days a month, where 8% of them have to leave school or work during menstruation The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of giving turmeric and tamarind with pineapple juice on reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain in TPMB "M".This study uses a qualitative research strategy, with a case study, which is a series of scientific activities carried out intensively, in detail and in depth about a program, event, and activity, both at the individual level, a group of people, institutions, or organizations to obtain in-depth knowledge about the event, this case study was conducted directly to adolescents who were menstruating and experiencing primary dysmenorrhea. The results of the study were conducted in Case 1, an adolescent who was experiencing Primary Dysmenorrhea pain with a pain scale of 9 after being given Turmeric Acid, the NRS value at Visit 1 was 7, Visit 2 was 5, Visit 3 was 3. While in Case 2 after being given Pineapple juice, the NRS value at Visit 1 was 7, Visit 2 was 4, Visit 3 was 2. both were the same in reducing pain, but consuming Turmeric Acid was more effective in reducing pain by 1 on the 2nd visit and the difference in pain reduction was 1 on the 3rd visit. It is hoped that this study can be used to add new knowledge about the treatment of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents in a non-pharmacological way, namely by using turmeric acid and pineapple juice. as an alternative.

Low back pain is still a trigger for health problems that interfere with activities. If not treated properly, it can reduce lumbar mobility so that there is limited movement. There are several treatment strategies for low back pain, namely pharmacology and non-pharmacology. Non-pharmacology therapy that can be done is cupping therapy. The cupping therapy that is carried out is Al Warik point cupping therapy. This study aims to determine the effect of Al Warik point cupping on reducing the pain scale in low back pain sufferers at the Probolinggo holistic nursing therapy clinic. The type of research used a pre-experiment with a one group pre-post test design. The population was 38 low back pain sufferers at the Probolinggo holistic nursing therapy clinic, the sample determination used the accidental sampling technique that met the criteria of 34 respondents. The instrument used the cupping therapy module, data management with the editing, coding, scoring, and tabulating processes. Furthermore, it was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results of this study indicated that the average pain scale value that occurred before cupping therapy at the Al Warik point was 7.00, standard deviation 1.073, and the average pain scale value after cupping therapy at the Al Warik point was 4.74, standard deviation 1.024, the analysis test using the Wilcoxon test showed a decrease in the Low Back Pain Pain Scale at the Holistic Nursing Therapy Clinic in Probolinggo (ρ = 0.000 <α = 0.005). Cupping therapy can be a traditional alternative treatment that can be done routinely for the healing process of low back pain by performing cupping therapy at the Al Warik point.

Gout is a condition where high levels of uric acid in the blood that causes pain, and pain in the joints. One of the measures to lower joint pain is non- pharmacologically with ergonomic Gymnastics and warm compresses of lemongrass decoction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of ergonomic gymnastics and warm compresses of lemongrass decoction on the scale of joint pain in patients with gout in Alassumur lor village. This type of research was quasi-experimental with cross over group design approach. A population was 38 people selected by purposive sampling technique obtained 34 respondents who meet the inclusion requirements. This research used the numeric pain scale (NRS) observation sheet Instrument. The normality of the data had been tested with Kolmogorov-smirnov. The results of the study obtained ergonomic gymnastics pain scale period I pre-test was 6.94 and post-test was 2.94, stew period II pre-test was 5.18 post-test was was 2.59. In the warm compress group lemongrass stew period I pre-test was 3.18, post-test 1.82, period II pre-test was 3.76, post-test was 1.94. The results of data analysis obtained the value of pV 0.000 with a significant level of p value <a = 0.005, the value of Z prepost period I ergonomic exercise -3.695, warm compress of lemongrass stew -3.676, in period II ergonomic exercise -3.580 and warm compress lemongrass stew -3.531, so that it can be stated that ergonomic exercise is more effective to decrease the joint pain scale in patients with gout in Alassumur lor village. Ergonomic Gymnastics turns out to be more effective to reduce joint pain in gout and is expected to be one of the alternative interventions to reduce joint pain in people with gout.      

Lower back pain is a common complaint experienced by pregnant women, especially in the second and third trimesters as the gestational age increases. This condition can interfere with daily activities and reduce the quality of life of pregnant women. Pregnancy exercise is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that is believed to help reduce lower back pain. This study aims to analyze the effect of pregnancy exercise on reducing the level of lower back pain in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters. The research method that can be used is a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test design with one comparison treatment. The research sample was 28 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters who experienced lower back pain and met the inclusion criteria. Measurement of the level of lower back pain will be carried out before and after the intervention period using a valid and reliable pain scale. The data collected will be analyzed using an appropriate statistical test to compare changes in pain levels between before and after the intervention. The results of the study showed that the average lower back pain before the intervention was 3.32 and Std.Deviation 0.772. The average lower back pain after the intervention was 2.25 and Std.Deviation 1.005. Based on the results of bivariate analysis using the Paired-Samples T Test, a significant p value of 0.000 (p <0.05) was obtained, so there is a difference in lower back pain in pregnant women. Thus, it can be said that there is a significant difference in lower back pain before and after pregnancy exercise. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide scientific evidence regarding the effect of pregnancy exercise in reducing lower back pain in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters, so that it can be a recommendation in midwifery care to improve the comfort and quality of life of pregnant women.Keywords: Postpartum exercise, uterine involution, normal delivery

Laparotomi is a surgical procedure in which the abdominal wall layer is operated on to remove the part that is experiencing problems. One of the problems that can occur in post laparotomy patients is pain. Pain is a person's emotional experience due to tissue damage that occurs after surgery. Laparotomy postoperative pain management must include all aspects, both in pharmacological and non-pharmacological aspects because pain is not only influenced by surgical wounds but also influenced by emotions. One of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be given to laparotomy postoperative patients is early mobilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early mobilization on reducing pain intensity in postoperative laparotomy patients at Cengkareng Hospital, Belimbing Room in 2024. This research design is a quantitative study with a quasi experimental method using a one group pre-post test design approach, the sample technique uses total sampling, the samples in this study were 20 intervention group samples, the results of statistical tests with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test obtained the results of the p value = 0.001 or <0.05 there is a difference between the pain scale before and after early mobilization. So it can be concluded that there is an effect of early mobilization on reducing pain intensity in patients post laparotomy surgery  

Non-pharmacological therapies for managing dysmenorrhea include yoga exercises and clary sage aromatherapy. This pre-experimental research determined the effect of yoga exercises and clary sage aromatherapy to relieve dysmenorrhea pain scale among 11th and 12th-graders at Advanced High School Nurul Islami Semarang with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study consists of students from the XI and XII grades of Advanced High School Nurul Islami Semarang, 70 students, with a research sample of 42 respondents. The data collection technique for this research was purposive sampling. The numeric rating scale serves as the measuring tool. The statistical test conducted before and after yoga exercises and clary sage aromatherapy in this study is the Wilcoxon test, obtaining a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. The result accepts the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This indicates that yoga exercises and clary sage aromatherapy relieve dysmenorrhea pain in 11th and 12th graders at Advanced High School Nurul Islami Semarang. The conclusion is that yoga exercises and clary sage aromatherapy have an impact on reducing dysmenorrhea.  

Sectio caesarea is a surgical operation to help pregnant women give birth by making an incision in the abdominal wall (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterectomy). Non-pharmacology can be used together to relieve pain. Within 24 hours after a cesarean section, patients can feel a five-fold reduction in pain thanks to lavender aromatherapy. linalyl acetate, and linalool, which can have a calming effect. When lavender aromatherapy is inhaled, the compounds it contains trigger the hypothalamus to produce endorphins that can calm and soothe. the purpose of this study was to determine whether lavender aromatherapy can reduce the pain scale of post-Sectio Caesarea patients. This type of research is a one-shot case study,design with the application of Evidence Based Practice with 4 respondents. The intervention was carried out once a day for 2 consecutive days with a duration of 15 minutes. The results of this study showed a decrease in pain scores in the range of 2-0, so it can be concluded that the intervention of providing lavender aromatherapy can reduce the pain scale of post-Caesarean section patients. For post caesarean section patients they can apply lavender aromatherapy in pain management efforts.

A hernia is a protrusion of the abdominal wall into another body cavity (hip or pelvis, chest or thorax). One of the procedures performed in cases of hernia is surgery called herniorrhaphy. Surgery is an invasive treatment procedure through incisions to open the part of the body that will be treated surgically, which will cause pain. The pain felt after surgery is acute pain. Acute pain can complicate the healing process which can hinder the patient's ability to mobilize, rehabilitate and be hospitalized. One of the non-pharmacological therapies used to reduce pain is finger-hold relaxation therapy. Finger grip relaxation is a simple technique that combines breathing and holding a hand on each finger which can help control emotions and stress. It is hoped that this method can stimulate the brain to produce positive hormones and reduce cortisol secretion so that pain is reduced. Finger grip therapy intervention can help patients reduce the scale of pain felt after surgery. The case study used a descriptive method with a nursing process approach which was carried out on 3 respondents aged 67 - 76 using a One Group Pretest Posttest research design which was measured using the NRS instrument for 3 days. The results showed that there was a decrease in the pain scale in respondents after being given finger grip relaxation therapy.

Background: Adolescent development includes physical, social, emotional, cognitive and psychosocial. Adolescents are easily emotional, enjoy challenging things, act impulsively, pay little attention to personal safety so there is a risk of physical injury and falls, which can result in fractures. Fracture treatment is surgery. The impact of surgery is pain, pain management can be done by playing fidget spinner therapy. A fidget spinner is a toy that rotates between two fingers, in the shape of a propeller with a ball bearing in the middle, creating a stunning rotating pattern, unique design, attracting children and reducing pain. Objective: Fidget spinner play therapy is applied to reduce pain intensity in children aged 13-18 years. Method: The research method is a case study with 3 respondents who experienced post-operative fractures using a fidget spinner and the Wong Baker pain scale. Results: The results for respondents 1, 2 and 3 showed a decrease in pain intensity, the average pre test for respondent 1 had pain 4 and the average post test pain was 3. Respondent 2 had an average pre test pain scale of 4 and post test pain scale 2. For respondent 3, the average pre test pain scale was 5 and post test 3. Conclusion: The application of fidget spinner play therapy is effective in reducing pain in children with post-operative fractures. Suggestion: This application is expected to be used in nursing care for children with post-operative fractures on the second day.

One of the health issues that can lead to significant consequences, including heart disease and organ damage, is hypertension. For hypertensive patients, non-pharmacological treatments such as progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) offer an alternative to reduce discomfort and blood pressure. This study uses a quantitative methodology and a quasi-experimental design. For two weeks, 66 hypertensive patients from Puskesmas Bangetayu Semarang participated in the ROP intervention. The T-Test and Wilcoxon statistical tests were used to measure blood pressure and pain levels before and after the intervention. According to the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), ROP therapy reduced pain from 2.68 to 1.76 and systolic blood pressure from an average of 150.15 mmHg to 133.64 mmHg. With a p-value of less than 0.05, statistical analysis revealed a significant difference. It has been proven that progressive muscle relaxation helps hypertensive individuals with their pain and blood pressure. This approach can be used both independently and in healthcare settings as a simple and safe non-pharmacological treatment. the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on pain and blood pressure in hypertensive patients

Labor pain is a complex experience, with 65-80% of mothers in Indonesia experiencing severe pain during childbirth, requiring effective management. The SP6 (Sanyinjiao) acupressure technique offers a non-pharmacological, easy-to-apply, and safe alternative with minimal side effects for reducing labor pain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SP6 acupressure on labor pain in mothers giving birth at the Obstetrics Emergency Room of Tidore Islands City Hospital. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach was used. The sample included 30 mothers in the active phase of labor (4-7 cm dilation), with singleton pregnancies and gestational ages of 37-42 weeks, selected through purposive sampling. The intervention involved applying acupressure at the SP6 point for 20 minutes with moderate pressure. Pain intensity was measured before and after the intervention using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) from 0-10. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a significant decrease in pain intensity (p = 0.000), with 50% of participants reporting moderate pain post-intervention, and no participants experiencing uncontrolled severe pain. In conclusion, SP6 acupressure significantly reduced labor pain intensity and can be recommended as an effective, safe, and easy-to-apply method for managing labor pain.

Background: Vertigo is a group of symptoms caused by a disturbance in the balance of the vestibular or central nervous system. Complaints of vertigo can come in the form of nausea, dizziness, spinning, or a feeling of being pulled or drawn in an upright position. Dizziness can also be caused by disturbances in the body's balance organs, including receptors in the eye (retina), in the vestibular and semicircular canals, as well as in tendons, joints, and internal sense organs. Objective: Identifying the characteristics of respondents including age, gender, and measuring the scale of moderate, mild and severe symptoms after performing brandt daroff combination therapy accompanied by lemon aromatherapy. Methods: Pre-experiment research design with one group pretest and post test design with purposive sampling technique, a total of 14 respondents with observation sheet instruments. Results: Based on the analysis, the average number of vertigo complaints experienced by respondents was a score of 32.9. After the respondents were given Brandt Deroff therapy accompanied by lemon, the level of vertigo headache decreased to a score of 1.50. wilcoxon test showed a significance value.2 marked 0.001 <0.05, also Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Conclusion: So it can be concluded that there is an average difference between the results of therapy before (pre-test) and after (post-test) which means that there is an effect of Brandt Daroff treatment accompanied by lemon aromatherapy on reducing the pain scale of vertigo patients in cases at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang.

Background:Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach wall caused by irritation of the gastric mucosa. Gastritis caused by bacterial infections such as Helicobacteri pylory and irritant foods and drinks. The problem posed is acute pain. Nursing interventions to address this problem are pain management. Objective: This case study aims to describe the implementation of nursing pain management in gastritis patients with acute pain. Method: This case study design is a descriptive design in the form of a case study with a nursing care process approach. The case study subjects were 4 patients in the emergency room with the criteria of experiencing gastritis with problems acute pain. This case study was conducted at Muhammadiyah Palembang Hospital on March 16- 23, 2023. The nursing implementation provided was in the form of warm compress and deep breath relaxation to reduce pain in gastritis patients, in patient 1 before the implementation of the pain scale was 5 and fell to 3, the second patient initially had a pain scale of 4 decreasing to 2, in patient 3 the initial scale of 5 was reduced to a scale of 2, and finally patient 4 before the technique was carried out. out the pain scale in patients is 5 after being carried out down to a scale of 3. Using data collection techniques by means of observation, and interviews. Results: The research results describe the need for implementation of pain management (warm compress and deep breath relaxation) to reduce pain in gastritis patients from a moderate pain scale to a mild pain scale.Conclusion:There is an influence in implementing pain management on acute pain in gastritis patients.

Wound care has also developed rapidly after the dissemination of the concept of TIME (Tissue, Infection, Moisture, and Wound Edge) in modern dressing (MD). The aim of this study was to compare modern dressings (MDs) and classic dressings (CDs) in terms of patient comfort, cost effectiveness and wound healing.  A prospective study design with total of 25 participants. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling. Patient comfort was assessed through the frequency of wound care and pain scale using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Cost-effectiveness was assessed using direct and indirect costs. Wound healing was assessed using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) score. The data was analyzed using the independent t and Mann-Whitney tests.  The application of MD has the same cost-effectiveness as CD with a more satisfactory outcome for the wounds in terms of comfort and healing.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease.. This system attacks joints and other parts of the body such as tendons, ligaments, and bones. One implementation of reducing rheumatoid arthritis pain is to massage the feet of the painful joints. This study used a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study was 48 people and the research sample was 20 people with two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The results of the study were obtained after rheumatoid arthritis foot massage had a significant effect in reducing pain in the experimental group with a p-value of 0.007. Foot massage on painful joints has benefits in reducing the pain scale in the elderly.

High uric acid which causes joint pain is a disease where there is a buildup of purine which causes the joints to become inflamed to the point of swelling. Gout which occurs in people of course when they have a disease that causes gout they will undergo medical treatment to reduce uric acid levels and the pain that occurs in the elderly due to high levels. And most people assume that by taking medication they assume that the pain will disappear, according to Ilham (2019) that to reduce joint pain you can do ginger compress therapy on the joint pain, because the spicy effect of ginger can reduce pain in the joints. Objective: To determine the effect of ginger compress therapy on the level of joint pain in the elderly. Method: The design in this research uses a quasi-experiment using a one group pretest posttest design approach. Results: based on the results of statistical tests using the Paired Samples Test, the resulting P value is 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: it can be concluded that there is an influence of ginger compress therapy on the level of joint pain in the elderly in the working area of ??the Central Jampang Community Health Center. Suggestion: It is recommended for future researchers to measure the influence of respondent characteristics such as age, gender, education level, length of time suffering from joint pain, type of work and type of medication used.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder, is characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, erosion of bone and cartilage, leading to joint destruction. It can attack the joints and other parts of the body such as tendons, ligaments, and bones.  In serious cases, it can affect other organs such as the lungs, heart, nervous system, and eyes. Foot massage is effective to reduce pain. Before implementation of foot massage, the average pain scale was 6 (moderate pain). After implementation of foot massage  the pain scale decreased to 2 (mild pain). Through empowering the elderly, the elderly are taught and assisted in performing safe and effective foot massage techniques to reduce pain, improve blood circulation, and reduce joint stiffness due to rheumatoid arthritis. The conclusion of this community service activity shows that the use of foot massage is effective for patients with rheumatoid arthritis who experience pain.

Background: Dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, is a common health problem experienced by many adolescent girls worldwide. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Indonesia reaches 70%, significantly impacting adolescents' quality of life. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of warm compresses as a method for managing dysmenorrhea pain among adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 1 Bonepantai. Objective: This study aims to measure the effect of using warm compresses on the level of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls, as well as to provide insight into non-pharmacological methods that can be used as an alternative in dealing with this problem. Methods: This study used a pre-experimental design with one group pre- and post-test. The sample consisted of 35 tenth-grade female adolescents with dysmenorrhea, taken through purposive sampling. Initial data were collected using a visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain levels before and after the warm compress intervention. Results: The analysis showed a significant decrease in pain levels after the application of warm compresses. The average pain score before the intervention was 7.5, while after the intervention it decreased to 3.2. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores. Conclusion: Warm compresses were proven effective in reducing dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 1 Bonepantai. These findings demonstrate that simple interventions can have a positive impact on adolescent health and support the importance of further research into other methods of menstrual pain management.