Publication Search

Stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in Aceh Province. Family smoking behavior and adherence to exclusive breastfeeding are considered important determinants of child nutritional status. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family smoking behavior and exclusive breastfeeding adherence with stunting among toddlers in Tuha Village, Trienggadeng District, Pidie Jaya Regency. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design with a sample of 46 toddlers selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with logistic regression tests. The results showed that family smoking behavior was significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.002; OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.47). Meanwhile, exclusive breastfeeding adherence was not significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.940; OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.17–5.09). These findings indicate that exposure to cigarette smoke in the household is an important risk factor affecting child nutritional status. Strengthening family-based interventions, especially smoke-free home initiatives, is essential to reduce stunting prevalence.

In the era of information and globalization, critical thinking skills have become an essential competence for children, including students in Islamic boarding schools. These skills include the ability to ask questions, seek and evaluate evidence, compare alternatives, and solve problems logically. Islamic boarding schools inherently provide a disciplined environment grounded in religious values that supports the development of critical thinking. However, observations at Raudlatul Hanan Islamic Boarding School reveal several challenges, such as low social sensitivity, limited constructive conflict resolution, and the absence of consistent critical thinking habits. These conditions have the potential to hinder students’ adaptability and problem-solving abilities in the future. To address these issues, a program entitled “Optimizing Children’s Critical Thinking Character through the Internalization of Socio-Environmental Sensitivity Values” was implemented using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. This approach actively involved students, ustadz/ustadzah, and Islamic boarding school administrators from problem identification through planning, implementation, and reflection. The activities included character education seminars, critical discussions, group competitions, and interviews aimed at fostering social sensitivity, reducing exclusive attitudes, and strengthening critical thinking skills from an early age. The results indicate high and enthusiastic student participation throughout all activities, leading both students and administrators to hope that the program will be implemented sustainably on an annual basis.

The BIMP-EAGA Vision 2035 (BEV 2035) marks a significant paradigm shift in border management in Southeast Asia, with a primary focus on integrating a more inclusive, open, harmonized, and resilient system. In this context, sea-based border crossing posts (PLBN) in Indonesia, such as the Sebatik PLBN, the Serasan PLBN, and the Miangas and Marore Border Crossing Stations (BCS), play a strategic role as maritime connectivity nodes connecting Indonesia with neighboring countries. The transformation of these PLBNs faces several challenges, particularly related to the disharmony of CIQS (Customs, Immigration, Quarantine, and Security) regulations between countries, technical obstacles related to non-conventional vessels (NCSS), and inadequate port infrastructure. To overcome these obstacles, strategic measures are needed, such as revising cross-border trade agreements, increasing quarantine capacity and facilities, and strengthening maritime logistics networks between countries. Furthermore, the development of a sustainable blue economy in border areas is crucial to ensure that the PLBN functions not only as an administrative checkpoint but also as a key facilitator in driving economic growth based on maritime resources. Within the framework of the BIMP-EAGA Vision 2035, the Integrated Maritime PLBN is expected to reduce dependence on informal trade and improve the quality of life of border communities by accelerating connectivity, developing the maritime economic sector, and opening international market access for local products. Thus, the PLBN must transform into a catalyst for inclusive and environmentally friendly economic development in Indonesia's border regions.

This study examines the implications of the micro-shopping phenomenon and omnichannel integration for market structure and competitive dynamics in Indonesia’s retail sector from an industrial organization perspective. The transformation of modern retail is characterized by a shift toward small-value, high-frequency transactions alongside increasing integration between physical stores and digital channels. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, this study utilizes secondary data on market shares and the number of retail outlets operated by major firms during the 2022–2024 period. Market structure is assessed through market share distribution, outlet ownership ratios, the four-firm concentration ratio (CR4), and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI). The results indicate that Indonesia’s retail market exhibits a highly concentrated, network-based oligopolistic structure. The dominance of large retail firms is reflected not only in their substantial market shares but also in their dense outlet networks, which enable the aggregation of dispersed micro-shopping transactions. Furthermore, omnichannel integration reinforces these structural advantages by enhancing logistical coordination and distribution efficiency. Overall, the findings suggest an increasing tendency toward market consolidation and a declining competitive space for small and traditional retailers, highlighting important implications for competition policy and the long-term sustainability of retail market structure.

This study aims to analyze Paul as an educator through an epistemological and methodological examination of his letters, as well as an examination of his teaching style within the context of the early church. This research approach is qualitative theological, employing exegetical and hermeneutic analysis of New Testament texts, particularly Paul's letters. This analysis reveals that Paul's educational epistemology is rooted in his encounter with Christ as the source of all truth and spiritual knowledge. According to Paul, knowledge of faith is not the result of human rationality, but rather God's revelation, understood through the work of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 2:10–13). Methodologically, Paul demonstrates a dialogical, argumentative, relational, and transformative teaching approach. He uses logical and communicative rhetoric to guide the congregation in a reflective understanding of the Gospel and emphasizes the importance of living examples as a means of learning faith (1 Corinthians 11:1). Paul also developed a Christocentric and communitarian teaching style, where the church is seen as a living, mutually edifying space for learning about faith, centered on the love of Christ (Colossians 1:28; Ephesians 4:11–16). The results of this study indicate that education, from Paul's perspective, aims for life transformation, not merely the transfer of knowledge. Paul views education as a process of discipleship that produces new life in Christ (Romans 12:2; Galatians 2:20). Thus, Paul's educational model provides theological and practical contributions to contemporary Christian education, placing Christ at the center of epistemology and love as the primary method of teaching.

Because it directly impacts revenue, customer loyalty, and long-term business sustainability, customer churn is a critical issue for the e-commerce industry. High churn rates indicate that a business is unable to retain existing customers, which means it is more expensive to acquire new customers. Therefore, a precise analytical approach is needed to identify customer behavior patterns that are likely to churn. Using machine learning methods, this study analyzes and predicts customer churn. For this study, the E-Commerce Customer Churn 2025 dataset, obtained from Kaggle, was used. This dataset consists of 10,000 customer data and contains fifteen variables covering transaction behavior, customer characteristics, and churn status. Data preprocessing, descriptive analysis, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and classification model development using Logistic Regression and Random Forest algorithms were part of the research project. Model evaluation was conducted using a Confusion Matrix and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve to evaluate the model's accuracy and ability to distinguish between churned and non-churned customers. The results showed that the Random Forest model performed better than Logistic Regression, with an ROC-AUC of 1.00. Furthermore, feature importance analysis revealed that the days_since_last_purchase variable was the most dominant factor in predicting customer churn. These findings are expected to help e-commerce companies design more effective, data-driven customer retention strategies.  

This community service activity was carried out to overcome the problem of open and uncontrolled internet networks at SMK Islamiyah Serua. This condition poses security risks as well as inefficient bandwidth usage. The solution offered is the implementation of a network gateway system with a user-friendly web-based login portal, so that internet access can be limited only to educators through an authentication mechanism. The implementation method includes needs analysis, system design, implementation using MikroTik RouterOS and HTML/CSS/JavaScript-based web portals, system trials, and socialization to schools. The results showed a significant improvement in network security, bandwidth usage efficiency, and ease of access for teachers. In addition, this activity also increases educators' understanding of the importance of network security in supporting the learning process. The implementation of this system provides sustainable benefits for schools, both from a technical and educational perspective, because it is able to create a safer and more controlled digital environment. Thus, this community service activity not only solves technical problems, but also contributes to improving the quality of educational services at SMK Islamiyah Serua.

This study examines the role of the General Affairs (GA) Division in ensuring the effectiveness of administrative processes and facility management at PT. Panorama Indah Permai (Saloka Theme Park). The research was conducted during an internship program from September to December 2025, during which the researcher was directly involved in daily operational activities. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were obtained through direct observation, administrative document analysis, and informal interviews with GA personnel. The results show that the GA Division functions as a critical support unit responsible for logistics management, documentation control, meeting room preparation, and operational vehicle administration. Several challenges were identified, including inconsistencies in documentation, high workload during peak operations, and limited digital integration. Despite these challenges, the GA Division plays a central role in coordinating with other departments to maintain workflow continuity. This study reinforces the relevance of operations management, office administration, facility management, and organizational communication theories in practical workplace settings. The findings imply that improving digital administrative systems, enhancing coordination mechanisms, and standardizing procedures could significantly strengthen GA performance and overall organizational efficiency.

The process of determining eligibility for social assistance recipients is often constrained by subjective assessments and uncertainty in decision-making criteria. This condition can lead to inaccurate targeting and unfair distribution of aid. Therefore, an appropriate decision support method is required to handle data uncertainty effectively. This study aims to apply the Fuzzy Mamdani method to determine the eligibility of social assistance recipients based on several assessment criteria. The criteria used in this study include monthly income, number of dependents, and housing conditions. The research method consists of data collection, fuzzification, formulation of fuzzy rules, inference using the Mamdani approach, and defuzzification to obtain a crisp output value. The results show that the Fuzzy Mamdani method is able to classify recipients into eligible and non-eligible categories more flexibly compared to conventional methods. The generated eligibility values reflect real conditions more accurately by considering degrees of membership for each criterion. The implementation of this method can assist decision-makers in improving the accuracy, objectivity, and fairness of social assistance distribution. This research is expected to contribute to the development of intelligent decision support systems in the social welfare sector.

This study aims to analyze the development of elementary school students (ages 8–9) in terms of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, moral, and spiritual aspects. The research subjects were two third-grade students named Dinul Mumtaz (8 years old) and Alfatir Ramadhan Hendri (9 years old). This study used a qualitative approach, with observation and interviews as the main data collection techniques. The results indicate that both students show physical development appropriate for their age, with well-developed fine and gross motor skills. In the cognitive aspect, both have reached the concrete operational stage, characterized by logical thinking, understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, and the ability to solve tasks using concrete objects. In terms of emotional and social development, Dinul and Alfatir demonstrate the ability to recognize and manage emotions, as well as build positive social relationships with peers and teachers. Moral development shows that both students are in the heteronomous and early conventional stages, where they obey rules due to authority and a desire to gain social approval. Meanwhile, in the spiritual aspect, both students demonstrate good religious habits and an understanding of spiritual values reflected in their daily behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of both students is in a good category and in accordance with child development theories, supported by positive influences from family and school environments.

The maritime transport sector plays a vital role in international logistics, including the transport of special cargo such as live cattle, which requires specific administrative and operational handling. PT. Bahari Eka Nusantara Belawan Branch, as a ship agency company, is responsible for ensuring the smooth flow of ship services from arrival to departure at the Port of Belawan. This study aims to analyze the flow of agency management for special cattle cargo on the vessel MV Gloucester Express and to identify the coordination efforts carried out with relevant agencies to ensure service efficiency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collected through field observations and literature studies. The results show that the agency flow involves three main stages: pre-arrival, arrival, and departure, with a focus on strict animal health documentation and coordination with the Quarantine Office. The study concludes that while the process generally runs well, administrative precision and real-time communication with the authorities are critical factors in preventing delays in unloading live cattle.

Science lessons in primary school significantly contribute to the early development of logical, scientific and systematic reasoning skills.   However, learning science can be challenging, especially when it comes to understanding abstract concepts and cause-and-effect interactions.   This is due to the fact that, as per Piaget's theory, primary school students are still in the concrete operational stage and have limited cognitive growth. Data regarding abstraction ability and causal reasoning in the context of science education were collected from various scientific sources using the literature review research methodology.  According to the research findings, STEAM integration, project-based learning strategies such as Project Based Learning (PBL), and the use of real and visual aids can help lower learning barriers. Successful learning is also influenced by the teacher's role as facilitator, which involves presenting the material in a relevant and contextualized way and fostering a positive learning environment. Real-world examples and exceptional examples, such as the use of worksheets based on cause-and-effect relationships and basic experiments, demonstrate how useful these strategies are for improving abstract thinking and understanding of cause-and-effect relationships. Developing innovative teaching methods based on practical, exploratory and integrative experiments is essential for maximizing the scientific understanding of primary school students.

Set theory is one of the fundamental concepts underlying the structure of discrete mathematics and computer science and plays a crucial role in understanding various advanced topics, such as relations, functions, mathematical logic, and other discrete structures. This concept serves as the foundation for developing a systematic and structured mathematical mindset. This paper aims to explain the fundamental concepts of set theory, review its significance in discrete mathematics, and outline how to present sets and basic operations on sets, such as union, intersection, complement, and difference. The method used in this paper is a literature study by reviewing, collecting, reading, and analyzing data from various relevant written sources, both textbooks and scientific articles. Through this study, students are expected to be able to understand set theory more comprehensively. Thus, it can be concluded that set theory is not merely an introductory topic, but rather a formal framework that defines the validity of logic and structure in modern discrete systems.  

In this study, a device was designed and implemented to control the water pH and nutrient density (concentration) in a hydroponic system using the Mamdani method of fuzzy logic, thus maintaining nutrient solution parameters within an optimal range for plant growth. This system relies on three input values ​​obtained from a water pH sensor, a nutrient TDS sensor, and a flow meter. These three sensors are used to control four peristaltic motors, each of which functions to increase and decrease the pH and nutrient levels in the solution. The speed of the peristaltic pump motor, when the water pH is set at 6.5 and the nutrient concentration is set at 700 ppm, is influenced by the difference between the sensor reading and the set point. The greater the difference, the higher the peristaltic pump motor speed. Conversely, the smaller the difference between the sensor reading and the set point, the lower the peristaltic pump motor speed. Furthermore, the amount of water flowing through the pipe also influences the peristaltic pump motor speed.

This community service program is entitled Improving Microcontroller Competence of Students of SMK Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar through Arduino Training Based on Industrial Practice and is implemented as a follow-up to the school's official request to invite university practitioners as guest teachers in order to strengthen industry-based vocational learning. The activity was carried out on November 27, 2025 at the Computer Laboratory of SMK Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar involving 50 grade XI students, and guided by Andi Setiadi Manalu, S.Kom., M.Ti as the main instructor of Arduino material which focuses on the introduction of microcontrollers, basic programming, sensor integration, and simple automation project design. The purpose of this activity is to improve students' technical competence in the field of embedded systems while fostering work readiness through real-world practice-based learning experiences. The implementation method uses an experiential learning and project-based learning approach, which combines brief conceptual explanations with direct practice, technical discussions, and problem-based project assignment completion. The evaluation results show an increase in students' understanding of microcontroller functions, programming logic structures, and the ability to connect hardware and software in one work system. In addition, students demonstrated increased motivation, confidence, and interest in industrial technology, as reflected in their active participation during the practicum and their successful independent completion of functional prototypes. Overall, this activity proved effective in strengthening the technical competencies of vocational high school students and supporting the implementation of the link and match policy between vocational education and the needs of the industrial world, while also emphasizing the strategic role of higher education institutions in supporting the improvement of human resource quality at the vocational high school level.

The rapid development of digital technology highlights the importance of introducing computational thinking skills from an early age, including at the elementary school level. One effective approach to introducing basic programming concepts is through block-based coding learning media that are visual, interactive, and engaging. This community service activity aimed to improve elementary school students’ understanding and interest in basic coding through hands-on training using block-based coding media. The program was implemented with sixth-grade students at Yayasan Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Medan. The activity employed a hands-on training approach consisting of several stages, including an introduction to basic coding concepts, familiarization with the Blockly Games interface, and practical exercises involving puzzle and maze challenges designed to develop logical thinking, sequencing, and problem-solving skills. The evaluation was conducted through direct observation of student participation and assessment of students’ ability to complete the given challenges. The results demonstrated that the use of Blockly Games effectively increased students’ enthusiasm, active engagement, and understanding of basic programming logic. Students who initially perceived programming as difficult showed greater interest and confidence due to the colorful, visual block-based instructions that were easy to understand and enjoyable. This community service activity is expected to serve as an effective introductory model for coding education and to support the development of digital literacy among elementary school students.

Flood disasters are recurring hydrometeorological hazards that significantly impact social, economic, and environmental conditions in Tulungagung Regency. This study aims to analyze the flood disaster mitigation communication strategies implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Tulungagung Regency and to identify the roles, challenges, and implications of both internal and external communication in flood disaster management. The research employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Secretary of BPBD Tulungagung Regency, the Head of the Emergency and Logistics Division, the Head of the Prevention and Preparedness Division, and members of flood-affected communities. The findings reveal that BPBD Tulungagung Regency has attempted to optimize disaster communication during the pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster phases. The effectiveness of these communication efforts remains limited due to several challenges, including inadequate communication infrastructure, varying levels of disaster literacy among community members, diverse geographical conditions, and insufficient coordination in internal and external communication. Pre-disaster communication plays an essential role in improving community preparedness, communication during emergency response supports timely and accurate decision-making, and post-disaster communication contributes to recovery processes and the strengthening of community resilience. This study concludes that optimizing disaster communication requires integrated information systems, improved human resource capacity within BPBD, and active community participation through community-based communication approaches to sustainably enhance resilience to flood risks.

Senior high school students represent a strategic age group transitioning into adulthood and are expected to become future leaders of the nation. In the context of achieving Indonesia’s Vision 2045, threats to national resilience are no longer dominated by military aggression, but rather by non-military challenges in the form of cognitive warfare. One prominent manifestation of this threat is the massive exposure of students to low-value digital content, commonly referred to as brain rot, on social media platforms. Such content has the potential to reduce attention span, critical thinking ability, and national awareness among adolescents. Consequently, senior high school students have become a vulnerable group in the spread of misinformation, disinformation, and ideologies that contradict Pancasila values. This community service activity aims to provide training and strengthen national defense character (bela negara) among senior high school students in Jakarta through an educational and participatory approach. The methods employed include the delivery of conceptual materials on national defense awareness and digital literacy, as well as national defense debate simulations designed to enhance students’ critical, argumentative, and ethical thinking skills. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of national defense values and their ability to express logical and responsible arguments. This activity is expected to contribute to the development of a resilient, critical, and nationally-minded young generation capable of facing contemporary challenges in the digital era.

Aceh Tamiang Regency is an area with a high risk of annual flooding. This emergency condition often triggers a surge in environment-related diseases such as skin diseases, respiratory infections, and diarrhea. The success of managing health crises heavily depends on pharmaceutical logistics management, especially the availability of essential medicines and ease of access for refugees at evacuation points. This study aims to analyze the extent of medicine availability at community health centers and health posts, as well as to evaluate the barriers to medicine accessibility for flood victims in Aceh Tamiang Regency. This study uses a qualitative/quantitative descriptive method (choose one) with a case study approach. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with pharmaceutical logistics officers and surveys of flood survivors. Secondary data were obtained from the drug stock reports of the Aceh Tamiang District Health Office. Analysis was conducted on variables such as drug types, stock amounts (Buffer Stock), and distribution channels during the emergency response period. The results of the study indicate that the availability of drugs in the initial disaster phase tends to be (state the prediction, e.g., sufficient/limited). However, accessibility is often hindered by damaged road infrastructure and uneven distribution to remote posts. There is an urgent need to strengthen the logistics early warning system so that the types of medicines available match the disease patterns that emerge after floods. Although medicine stocks are generally available in central pharmacy warehouses, geographical constraints and distribution coordination are the main factors hindering accessibility. It is recommended that local governments map out alternative distribution routes and provide disaster-specific buffer stock of medicines at the sub-district level.

Learning is the process of children getting to know knowledge that aims to increase knowledge as a basis for forming behavior. The learning process is carried out so that children experience behavioral changes and gain an overall improvement in knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Learning is very closely related to daily life, therefore it is important for children to learn continuously, one of which is through learning mathematics. Mathematics learning has a very important role in the sustainability of children's education because mathematics is one of the fundamental non-physical tools in the world of education and daily life. Through mathematics learning, children are trained to think logically, systematically, critically, and creatively in solving various problems. In addition, mathematics helps children solve calculation problems that are often encountered in daily activities, such as counting money, measuring length, time, and distance, and interpreting simple data. Mathematics learning also plays a role in developing the ability to reason and make appropriate decisions. Therefore, mathematics learning is a subject that must be followed because it has a great influence on thinking skills, learning independence, and children's readiness to face life challenges and scientific development in the future.