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Hypertension is one of the health problems, especially for hajj pilgrims, because hypertension is one of the entry points or risk factors for diseases such as heart disease, kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. In 2024, cases of hajj pilgrims suffering from hypertension were 1,822 people (38.66%). This study aims to analyze the factors related to the incidence of hypertension in hajj pilgrims at the Aceh Embarkation. Quantitative research with a Cross Sectional Study approach using secondary data. The population is all hajj pilgrims at the Aceh Embarkation in 2024 totaling 4,713 people. The research sample is the total population. Bivariate data analysis with the chi-square test and multivariate with logistic regression. The results of the study obtained variables that have a significant relationship with hypertension are age (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 3.08–3.95; p-value = 0.0001), family history (OR = 2; 95% CI: 1.74-2.25; p-value = 0.0001). Obesity (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.14–1.44; p-value = 0.0001), diabetes (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.28–1.75; p-value = 0.0001) and poor physical fitness OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.48–1.89; p-value = 0.0001). The conclusion of this study is that the age variable is the most dominant variable with the incidence of hypertension in the Aceh Embarkation Hajj pilgrims.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally, with type 2 diabetes being one of the most prevalent conditions. Nutritional management for clients with type 2 diabetes requires strict adherence to the correct schedule, type, and quantity of food. To improve medication adherence, it is essential to implement preventive strategies that promote patient engagement and self-management. One such strategy is the Health Belief Model (HBM), which encourages patients to adopt healthy behaviors based on their perceptions of risk, severity, benefits, and barriers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the Health Belief Model and medication adherence among type 2 diabetic patients in the Galala Community Health Center (Puskesmas) work area. A quantitative cross-sectional study design was used, with a sample size of 108 participants selected through simple random sampling. The independent variables in this study were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, while the dependent variable was medication adherence. The results revealed significant relationships between all the HBM constructs and medication adherence. Specifically, perceived susceptibility (p=0.000), perceived severity (p=0.000), perceived benefits (p=0.000), perceived barriers (p=0.000), and cues to action (p=0.000) all had strong associations with adherence to medication. The findings suggest that the Health Belief Model is a valuable framework for improving medication adherence among type 2 diabetes patients. Additionally, the use of health information technology is an effective strategy to increase patient awareness of the risks of non-adherence and the importance of regular medication intake. A combination of education, social support, technology, and an individualized approach can create a supportive environment that encourages patients to manage their treatment effectively.

The family is an essential unit consisting of two or more individuals living together due to ties of blood, marriage, or adoption, and it plays a significant role in supporting the health of its members, including those with diabetes mellitus, which can be hereditary. One of the serious complications that often arise in diabetes mellitus patients is diabetic ulcers, which can be prevented through proper foot care practices. In this context, the family has an important role in helping prevent foot injuries by providing support through foot care education. This study aims to describe the implementation of foot care education using audiovisual media as a means to improve the knowledge of diabetes mellitus patients in the working area of Sekaran Public Health Center, Semarang. The research method applied was a case study with a descriptive approach, in which an intervention was carried out through pre-test and post-test assessments related to foot care education using audiovisual media over five days, with the research instrument being the Diabetic Foot Knowledge Scale (DFKS) questionnaire. The results showed an increase in patient knowledge after the intervention, where in subject I the pre-test score was 8 (fair), which increased to 12 (good) in the post-test, while in subject II the pre-test score of 9 (fair) increased to 13 (good) in the post-test. These findings confirm that audiovisual-based foot care education is effective in enhancing the knowledge of diabetes mellitus patients regarding foot care. Based on the results, it is recommended that both patients and their families consistently apply foot care education in their daily activities, and health workers at Sekaran Public Health Center are encouraged to utilize audiovisual education methods as a strategy to improve patients’ knowledge and foot care practices, thereby preventing further complications in diabetes mellitus patients.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that makes the body lose its ability to produce insulin or begin to use it less efficiently leading to high blood sugar. Without proper treatment, over time, this disease can lead to more serious health problems such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. Early detection and prevention are crucial in mitigating these risks. This study focuses on conducting an early screening for diabetes among high school students at SMA Negeri 1 Palu. Additionally, this activity aims to educate students at SMA Negeri 1 Palu on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle by managing their sugar intake according to daily caloric needs. The program utilized an interactive educational approach, incorporating demonstration tools and discussions to enhance engagement and understanding. A total of 68 students participated in this initiative which was evaluated through a final assessment measuring knowledge improvement and awareness of diabetes prevention.

Malnutrition significantly disrupts metabolic processes like fasting blood glucose (FBG) regulation, insulin secretion, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), especially among the elderly. Aging amplifies these effects through declining β-cell function, reduced insulin sensitivity, and chronic inflammation, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Globally, malnutrition affects 22% of the elderly, with prevalence reaching 28% in Indonesia due to food insecurity, limited healthcare access, and poor nutrition education. Malnutrition exacerbates glucose-insulin imbalances by causing muscle loss, increasing FBG levels, and inducing insulin resistance through chronic inflammation. Despite its impact, critical knowledge gaps remain, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Indonesia. This study investigates how malnutrition affects FBG, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR in elderly individuals, focusing on mechanisms like inflammation and muscle loss to inform targeted interventions and improve metabolic health in resource-limited settings. This cross-sectional study evaluated fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR among 31 elderly participants at Panti Werdha Santa Anna. The study found no significant differences in fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, or HbA1c levels across Mini Nutritional Assessment categories (normal, at risk, malnourished; p > 0.05). These results suggest no strong association between nutritional status and metabolic parameters, highlighting the need for further research with larger samples. This study finds no significant association between nutritional status and glycemic control in the elderly, suggesting malnutrition's indirect impact via mechanisms like inflammation and muscle loss. Comprehensive nutritional assessments remain essential to understanding its effects on metabolic health.

Herpes zoster and crusted scabies are dermatological conditions that pose a higher risk and clinical severity in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with chronic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. This case report presents a 55-year-old woman with painful vesicular eruptions on the right neck and generalized thick, crusted, itchy plaques across the body. She had a longstanding history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Clinical diagnosis of herpes zoster and crusted scabies was confirmed through physical examination and KOH microscopic testing, which identified Sarcoptes scabiei. The patient was treated with oral acyclovir, topical permethrin, and supportive therapy to manage pain and prevent secondary infections. The coexistence of herpes zoster and crusted scabies in a diabetic patient highlights the role of impaired immunity in disease severity and presentation. Early recognition and integrated management are essential to improve prognosis and prevent complications.

The patient came with complaints of frequent tingling in both legs for 2 months. These complaints were accompanied by a body that continuously felt weak even though the patient did not do heavy activities. The patient also complained of nausea but no vomiting, frequent urination especially at night, and often felt thirsty. Other complaints such as fever and bowel disorders were denied by the patient. The patient also did not routinely use insulin medication. Primary data were obtained through autoanamnesis and physical examination by conducting home visits, filling out family folders, and filling out patient files. The assessment was carried out based on the initial holistic diagnosis, process, and end of the visit quantitatively and qualitatively. The interventions carried out included education about the causes of diabetes mellitus to his family, education about lifestyle modification and management of the disease, and explaining complications that may arise from the patient's disease so that the patient takes regular treatment and makes preventive efforts.

Frailty is a common syndrome in older adults, marked by declining physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. It impacts quality of life and links to higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare needs. Identifying frailty markers early helps prevent or delay its onset. In Indonesia, frailty affects 10–20% of the elderly, with higher rates in rural areas and those over 75, driven by poor nutrition, chronic diseases, and limited healthcare access. This study explores these factors and their relationship with frailty in elderly residents of Bina Bhakti Elderly Home. This cross-sectional study analyzed anthropometric measurement, uric acid, vitamin D, albumin, and diabetes mellitus with frailty in 42 elderly residents, excluding those with cognitive impairments, acute illnesses, or psychiatric disorders. The analysis identified fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and albumin as significant predictors of frailty, highlighting the importance of glucose regulation and nutritional status in frailty risk among the studied population. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and albumin emerged as key predictors of frailty, highlighting the roles of glycemic control and nutritional health in reducing frailty risk. Lower fasting blood glucose and higher albumin levels were protective, while higher HbA1c increased vulnerability. Targeted interventions in these areas may effectively mitigate frailty risk.

Diabetes mellitus is gathering disease metabolic with hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both of them . Loss central type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance in muscles and liver as well failure pancreatic beta cells . Purpose This research is to find out How extract ethanol leaf stalk palm affect the lipid values of diabetic rats. Type This research is a experimental . This research is divided into 6 groups with different treatment​ namely normal, control negative CMC-Na (0.5%), control positive glibenclamide (0.45mL), 125mg/kgBW extract , 250mg/kgBW extract and 500mg/kgBW extract . The results of the lipid parameter data were analyzed with SPSS 22 with level 95% confidence level Results study show extract ethanol dose 250 mg/kgBW and 500 mg/kgBW or more Lots lower level total cholesterol , triglycerides , and LDL as well increase HDL levels

Muscle strength is the ability of muscles to produce power for physical activity, important for mobility, balance and body function. Decreased muscle strength, especially due to aging, negatively impacts quality of life and increases the risk of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Handgrip is a simple method for measuring muscle strength, especially hand grip strength. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between hand grip strength and blood insulin levels in the elderly. This study used a cross-sectional design at the Bina Bhakti Nursing Home with 93 participants aged 60 years and over. Hand grip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and blood insulin levels were measured from venous blood samples. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation. The results showed an average right hand grip strength of 10.23 kg and left hand 9.33 kg, with an average blood insulin level of 4.83 µU/mL. A significant positive correlation was found between right and left hand grip strength (rho = 0.884, p < 0.001), as well as between right (rho = 0.218, p = 0.036) and left hand grip strength (rho = 0.290, p = 0.005) and insulin levels. blood. These results indicate that hand grip strength can be an indicator of metabolic health in the elderly. Interventions such as strength training and proper nutrition are important for maintaining muscle strength and metabolic health in the elderly.

The fast-paced modern lifestyle has led teenagers to favor fast food over healthier home-cooked meals. This study aims to analyze the effects of fast food consumption on obesity risk among adolescents through a review of 20 relevant studies. The findings indicate that excessive consumption of fast food, along with low physical activity and social influences, significantly contributes to the increasing rates of adolescent obesity in Indonesia. Key factors include easy access, affordability, aggressive marketing, sedentary lifestyles, and a lack of nutritional education. As a result, there is a heightened risk of degenerative diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, as well as psychological issues related to low self-esteem. To address the rising trend of adolescent obesity, comprehensive interventions are necessary, including nutrition education, dietary regulation, and the promotion of active lifestyles.

Degenerative diseases are chronic diseases that can affect a person's quality of life in the future. One example of degenerative diseases is diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hypertension is defined as one of the most dangerous health problems worldwide because hypertension is a major risk factor that can cause cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, heart failure, stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family history, type of work, and stress level on the incidence of hypertension in Kebonkalapa hamlet, Kutapohaci. The research method used a nonparametric test technique using the chi square statistical test and was processed using the IBM SPSS 25 application. The results of the analysis obtained from this study found that family history, type of work, and stress level were not associated with the incidence of hypertension in Kebonkalapa hamlet, Kutapohaci because the p-value was greater than 0.05.    

Chronic disease caused by increased blood sugar levels and potentially causing many complications especially when uncontrolled conditions are known as diabetes mellitus. Glycosylated hemoglobin examination is a reliable method in evaluating long-term glycemic control because it is not affected by daily fluctuations and reflects glucose levels for 120 days. The province with the 10th highest number of diabetes mellitus cases in 2018 was Aceh. One of the districts in Aceh, namely North Aceh, is the area with the highest incidence of cases. This study aims to describe HbA1c levels and characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Cut Meutia Regional Hospital, North Aceh in 2023. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 77 patients were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected from laboratory results and MMAS-8 and MIAS-8 questionnaires. The results showed that most patients had uncontrolled HbA1c levels (90.9%), uncontrolled HbA1c men (91.7%), 56–65 years old (40.3%), had pre-hypertension blood pressure (83.1%), and medication compliance in the moderate category (54.5%). This can be concluded that cases of diabetes with uncontrolled glycosylated hemoglobin levels are men.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by metabolic disorders, characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action, with its prevalence continuously increasing. This study aims to describe blood glucose levels and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Kalibagor Health Center based on respondent characteristics. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional design, involving 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected through total sampling technique. Data were collected through random blood glucose tests, blood pressure measurements, and interviews regarding smoking habits and family history. The results showed that 58% of respondents had high blood glucose levels, while 70% had normal blood pressure. Respondents with a family history of diabetes were more likely to experience high blood glucose levels, while smokers had a higher risk of experiencing high blood pressure. This study also found the influence of age, gender, and family history on blood glucose and blood pressure levels. Therefore, further education on healthy lifestyle and risk factor management is needed to prevent further complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Hypertension in pregnancy is a dangerous condition in pregnancy because it can disturb the health of the mother and baby. Pregnancy Hypertension or Gestational Hypertension is a condition of systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and diastolic 90 mmHg or blood pressure increases by 30 mmHg or more and diastolic increases by 15 mmHg or more. Objective : To determine the factors that influence the incidence of gestational hypertension at the Sally Clinic in 2024. Population and Sample: Pregnant women who came to the Sally clinic experienced hypertension, the number of 30 people with a total population sampling technique, so the number of samples was 30 people. Place and time: at the Sally Clinic, Tembung on month April– July 2024. Results : Univariate : The majority of respondents with high school education were 15 people (50%), the majority had a good lifestyle were 18 people (60%), the majority had genetics were 26 people (87%), the majority were aged 20-35 years were 25 people (83%). The majority did not experience gestational hypertension as many as 21 people (70%). Bivariate : From 12 respondents with unhealthy lifestyles, 9 experienced gestational hypertension (30%). The results of the p value calculation = 0.000 , from respondents who had a family history of hypertension, 6 people overall experienced gestational hypertension, the P Value value = 0.000 <0.05 was obtained , the age of 9 respondents experiencing gestational diabetes, there were 5 respondents (17%) aged over 35 years, The results of the statistical analysis of the three variables showed a p-value <0.05, so Ha was accepted, namely there was a lifestyle and medical history, age with the incidence of gestational hypertension at the Sally Tembung Clinic in 2024. Conclusion : there is a relationship between lifestyle, medical history and age with the incidence of gestational hypertension at the Sally Tembung Clinic in 2024.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires proper management, including the use of conventional and alternative medicines such as herbal medicines. Patient knowledge about the benefits, risks, and potential interactions of herbal medicines with conventional medicines is very important to prevent complications. Objective This study aims to describe the level of knowledge of diabetes patients about the use of herbal medicines, including the benefits, risks, and interactions with conventional medicines at the Kebondalem Health Center, Pemalang Regency. This study uses descriptive observational analytic Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to diabetes patients who were treated at the Kebondalem Health Center. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively with percentages to measure the level of patient knowledge.

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders in the body which are associated with a lack of insulin secretion. Generally, DM therapy can be carried out using pharmacology and non-pharmacology. Non-pharmacological therapy that can be carried out is AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet on reducing blood glucose levels in elderly people suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village. This type of research isPre-experimentalby designTwo groups pre-post test. The total population was 90 respondents and the sample size was 33 elderly respondents suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village which were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection in this research used questionnaires and observation sheets. Analyzed with SPSS 20 using testsMan Whitney. The results of this study showed that the average blood glucose value in the control group was 282 mg/dl pre glucose and 177 mg/dl post glucose. Meanwhile, the mean blood glucose value in the treatment group with pre glucose was 295 mg/dl and post glucose was 144 mg/dl and there was an effect of AAROM therapy and a low carbohydrate diet on reducing blood glucose levels in elderly people suffering from type 2 DM in Ngepoh Village (ρ = 0.000 < α= 0.005) So type 2 DM sufferers are expected to be able to control blood glucose, one of them is by doing AAROM Therapy and a low carbohydrate diet. AAROM therapy can reduce insulin resistance, making it easier for glucose to enter cells, preventing obesity, and improving venous blood flow.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion. Optimal dietary management plays a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose stability. This study analyzes an optimal control model of dietary patterns in the treatment of T2DM using the Runge-Kutta 4th Order (RK4) method. Simulation results show that optimal regulation of calorie intake and glycemic index significantly helps maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range. This study is expected to serve as a reference for medical professionals and nutritionists in designing diet strategies based on mathematical models to enhance the effectiveness of T2DM treatment.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Currently available pharmacological treatments often cause unwanted side effects, so alternative therapies that are safer and more effective are needed. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of telang flower extract in reducing blood glucose levels and preventing complications. The potential of Clitoria ternatea as an antidiabetic agent was explored through a systematic literature review, using scientific databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Mendeley with the keywords “Clitoria ternatea AND diabetes AND blood glucose.” Inclusion criteria applied included experimental studies conducted on diabetes-induced mice samples, interventions with telang flower extract administration, and publications within the last 5 years (2021-2025). From a total of 1,858 articles identified, by applying the PRISMA-ScR method, 8 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that telang flower extract was effective in reducing blood glucose levels. This antidiabetic effect is thought to be due to the presence of flavonoids and other bioactive compounds in telang flowers that act as α-amylase enzyme inhibitors, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatories. These findings indicate the potential of Clitoria ternatea as a promising therapeutic alternative in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by increased blood glucose levels in the bloodstream or hyperglycemia, which is caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion or abnormalities in insulin work. Physical activity can also affect blood sugar levels, one of which is the physical activity of foot exercises which is recommended for people with diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of foot exercise activities in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers. Method: The research design used a descriptive method with a nursing process approach with a case study design. This research was carried out by providing foot exercise physical activity intervention for 3 consecutive days. Results: Based on the application of EBP, the results obtained from 3 patients who experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels before and after being given foot exercise therapy, there was an average decrease in P1 of 13.66mg/dL, P2 of 11.66mg/dL, and P3 of 13mg/dL every day. Suggestion: It is hoped that the results of this research can provide insight to diabetes mellitus sufferers in efforts to manage diabetes mellitus with foot exercise physical activity and be able to apply it.