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Background: Adolescence is often characterized as a period of puberty. Early menarche is associated with increased mortality and morbidity risks in later life among girls who experience menarche at an early age. Menarche is the first menstrual event in girls, marked by the shedding of the uterine lining and vaginal bleeding. The tendency to consume unhealthy foods, particularly fast food, as well as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), may have adverse effects on health and potentially influence the timing of menarche. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between healthy food selection, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and the incidence of early menarche. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 30 female students. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results: The results showed that healthy food selection was significantly associated with the incidence of early menarche (p = 0.005) with a moderate correlation strength (ρ = 0.449). Similarly, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was significantly associated with the incidence of menarche (p = 0.000) and demonstrated a very strong correlation (ρ = 0.841). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between healthy food selection and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with the incidence of menarche. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption showed a stronger relationship with menarche incidence compared to healthy food selection.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence and a risk of causing macrovascular complications such as stroke. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus patients with stroke complications based on CT-scan results at RSKD Dadi Makassar in 2024–2025. This was a descriptive observational study with a retrospective design using medical record data. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique, comprising 60 patients, and analyzed univariately using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 26. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in the late elderly group (>56 years) at 66.7%, female (51.7%), and from the Makassar ethnic group (63.3%). Most respondents experienced hyperglycemia in random blood glucose (66.7%) and had uncontrolled fasting blood glucose (68.3%) and HbA1c (76.7%) levels. CT-scan results were dominated by non-specific cerebral infarction (68.3%), with ischemic stroke as the most common type (93.3%), a length of stay of 5–10 days (53.3%), and right-sided hemiparesis as the most common clinical manifestation (45.0%). It was concluded that DM patients with stroke complications were generally elderly, female, had poor glycemic control, and were dominated by ischemic stroke with non-specific cerebral infarction. Abstrak. Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi makrovaskular berupa stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik pasien Diabetes Melitus yang mengalami komplikasi stroke berdasarkan hasil CT-scan di RSKD Dadi Makassar tahun 2024–2025. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan desain retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis. Sampel diambil dengan teknik total sampling sebanyak 60 pasien dan dianalisis secara univariat menggunakan Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berusia lansia akhir (>56 tahun) sebanyak 66,7%, berjenis kelamin perempuan (51,7%), dan berasal dari Suku Makassar (63,3%). Sebagian besar responden mengalami hiperglikemia pada GDS (66,7%) serta memiliki kadar GDP (68,3%) dan HbA1c (76,7%) yang tidak terkontrol. Hasil CT-scan didominasi oleh infark serebri tidak spesifik (68,3%) dengan jenis stroke terbanyak berupa stroke iskemik (93,3%), lama rawat inap terbanyak 5–10 hari (53,3%), dan manifestasi klinis tersering berupa hemiparese dextra (45,0%). Disimpulkan bahwa pasien DM dengan komplikasi stroke umumnya berusia lanjut, berjenis kelamin perempuan, memiliki kontrol glikemik yang buruk, dan didominasi oleh stroke iskemik dengan gambaran infark serebri tidak spesifik.

Teacher performance evaluation is a crucial factor in improving educational quality, but many schools still conduct it manually and subjectively, resulting in less transparent, time‑consuming, and error‑prone outcomes. This study aims to design and develop a web‑based decision support system using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method for selecting the best teacher at MTs Mambaul Ulum. The system was developed using the Waterfall model with the Laravel 12 framework and MySQL database, incorporating two evaluator roles: the principal (assessing 5 criteria: teaching hours, responsibility, mastery of material, personality, and attendance) and the vice principal (assessing 4 criteria excluding personality). Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document review. System testing employed Black Box Testing and accuracy validation by comparing system outputs with manual Excel calculations. The results show that the SAW method effectively ranks teachers objectively, with Kusyanti achieving the highest score of 0.9450. The system attained 100% accuracy, as no difference was found between manual and system calculations. Moreover, the system reduced evaluation time from days to seconds and provides well‑documented results, thus supporting more transparent and accountable decision‑making. Therefore, this system proves to be reliable, objective, and efficient in assisting school administrators in evaluating teacher performance in a structured and fair manner.

Modern food supply chains, particularly those involving essential commodities like rice, often suffer from major challenges such as product fraud, inefficient record-keeping, and a lack of consumer trust. Traditional centralized systems are prone to data tampering, limited transparency, and poor traceability, making it difficult to verify the authenticity and origin of goods. To address these issues, our research introduces TraceRoot, a blockchain-based traceability framework designed to enhance transparency, accountability, and trust in agricultural supply chains.TraceRoot leverages the immutability and decentralization of blockchain technology to maintain a secure, distributed ledger that records every transaction and movement of goods across the supply chain. Each stakeholder including farmers, distributors, retailers, and consumers has role-based access to authenticated data through a user-friendly interface. The framework integrates smart contracts to automate transactions and digital signatures to verify the integrity of the data being uploaded, minimizing the risk of human error or manipulation

Nursing care in hospitals is still below the established standard of 80%, thus reflecting suboptimal nurse performance. This condition is thought to be influenced by factors such as rewards, workload, length of service and supervision. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rewards, workload, length of service, and supervision with nurse performance in the Inpatient Unit of Ratu Zalecha Martapura Regional Hospital. This study used a quantitative method with an observational analytical design using a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 152 nurses selected using cluster proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed a significant relationship between rewards and nurse performance (p-value=<0.001), workload and nurse performance (p<0.001), and supervision and nurse performance (p-value=<0.001). Length of service did not show a significant relationship with nurse performance (p-value=0,968). Multivariate analysis showed that supervision was the most dominant factor related to nurse performance. Thus, compensation, workload, and supervision are related to nurse performance, while length of service is not related to nurse performance in the Inpatient Unit of Ratu Zalecha Regional Hospital, Martapura. The hospital is expected to improve supervision, workload management, and training and recognition for nurses to improve the quality of nursing services.

Dental caries is one of the most common oral health problems among young children. Preschool-aged children are highly dependent on their parents, especially mothers, for dental health care. A mother's level of knowledge is expected to influence the incidence of caries in children. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries among children at Qalby Play School, Bogor Regency. Method: This research employed a cross-sectional design with an analytic survey approach. The population consisted of all mothers and their children at Qalby Play School, totaling 30 participants, selected using total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess maternal knowledge and odontogram sheets to measure caries incidence. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. Result: The results showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries in children, with a p-value 0,047 < 0,05. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the incidence of dental caries in children. Therefore, it is important for parents, especially mothers, to pay close attention to their children's oral health by ensuring proper and regular tooth brushing and scheduling dental check- ups every six months.

This study aims to analyze the values of qana’ah (contentment and gratitude) in the novel Sepatu Dahlan by Khrisna Pabichara. This research employs a qualitative approach with a library research design. Data were collected through documentation techniques by analyzing the novel text and supported by relevant literature on Islamic values, character education, and literary studies. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods to identify and interpret the representation of qana’ah values portrayed in the main character. The results show that the value of qana’ah is reflected in Dahlan through acceptance of reality with sincerity, self-control over desires, patience in facing hardship, absence of envy, and constant gratitude despite economic limitations. These values are not only formed individually but are also strongly influenced by family education through parental role modeling, moral guidance, and everyday life experiences. Furthermore, the value of qana’ah presented in this novel is highly relevant for adolescents in the digital era, particularly in dealing with FOMO, materialistic tendencies, and consumerist lifestyles. Therefore, Sepatu Dahlan can serve as an effective medium for character education in fostering qana’ah, gratitude, resilience, and moral awareness among the younger generation.

Background: The application of ethical principles is an essential foundation in nursing practice, as nurses frequently encounter complex clinical situations that require a careful balance between professional demands, patient safety, and patient rights. Objective: This study aims to explore nurses' experiences in applying ethical principles within clinical nursing practice. Methods: This study utilized a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Participants were selected via purposive sampling based on their work experience in direct patient care. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The findings revealed four main themes: 1) patient autonomy and decision-making in care; 2) the interaction of beneficence, safety, and religious values in care; 3) justice and patient prioritization in care; and 4) effective communication and patient confidentiality. Conclusion: The application of ethical principles is influenced by knowledge, clinical reasoning, moral sensitivity, and teamwork. Continuous reinforcement of ethical education and organizational support are highly required to enhance the quality of nursing care services.

Background: Breastfeeding is a valuable experience for both mother and infant, enhancing cognitive development, immunity, and emotional bonding. However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains suboptimal, partly due to inadequate breastfeeding technique skills among mothers. Objective: This study aims to analyze the differences in breastfeeding technique skills among pregnant women before and after a video-based educational intervention at the Gema Santi Nusa Penida Regional General Hospital, Klungkung Regency. Methods: This study utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of 160 pregnant women visiting the Gema Santi Nusa Penida Regional General Hospital from March to April 2025. A sample of 32 pregnant women was determined using a comparative analysis sample size formula and selected via purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through observation using a validated and reliable breastfeeding technique skill checklist (calculated $r = 0.411 - 0.758 > 0.349$; Cronbach's alpha $= 0.757 > 0.6$). Results: The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that the data were normally distributed, with values of 0.325 (pre-test) and 0.127 (post-test) $> 0.05$. The mean score for breastfeeding technique skills was 42.28 before the intervention and increased to 70.46 afterwards. The paired t-test demonstrated a significant difference in breastfeeding technique skills before and after the educational intervention ($p = 0.000 < 0.05$). Conclusion: Video media is highly effective in improving breastfeeding technique skills. Future initiatives should focus on developing more comprehensive video content to further enhance educational efficacy.

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a mode of delivery frequently used in women with high-risk pregnancies. Over the past two decades, the rate of CS has increased significantly worldwide. Although CS can be a life-saving intervention when performed based on appropriate medical indications, it may also result in adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants and increase the clinical and economic burden on healthcare systems. Limiting CS rates can be achieved through the control of modifiable risk factors. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the factors contributing to the occurrence of cesarean section. Method: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted at Singasana Regional General Hospital, Tabanan Regency, from February to May 2025. The study sample consisted of 259 women who underwent cesarean delivery during the period 2020–2024. Data were collected through a review of medical records using a checklist instrument. Univariate analysis was performed to describe maternal characteristics and indications for cesarean section. Result: Most cesarean deliveries occurred in women aged 20–35 years (77.99%) and in multiparous women (48.65%). The most dominant maternal factor was a previous cesarean section (37.6%), while the most common fetal factor was fetal distress (42.7%). Conclusion: Maternal age of 20–35 years, multiparity, a history of previous cesarean section, and fetal distress were the dominant factors associated with cesarean delivery. These findings highlight the importance of early antenatal risk screening and optimal labor management to reduce unnecessary cesarean sections and improve maternal and neonatal safety.

- Background: The rate of cesarean section (CS) deliveries continues to increase in Indonesia. Bali Province ranks first nationally, with a cesarean delivery rate of 53.2%. Cesarean section results in surgical wounds that cause pain in postpartum mothers. One non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain is early mobilization through video media. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers before and after receiving early mobilization through video media. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of post-cesarean mothers at Singasana Regional General Hospital. A total of 26 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of early mobilization delivered through a 3-minute and 23-second video, accompanied by healthcare personnel. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Most respondents were aged 20–35 years, multiparous, had completed senior high school, and were employed. The median pain intensity decreased from 5.00 before the intervention to 3.00 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in pain intensity before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Early mobilization through video media was effective in reducing pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers. Video media can be utilized as an educational tool to support the implementation of early mobilization in healthcare settings..

Anemia during pregnancy remains a common health problem and may lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte indices examination are important to identify anemia and describe erythrocyte morphology in pregnant women. This study aimed to describe hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte indices among anemic pregnant women at Sentosa Maternity Hospital. This research used a descriptive design with secondary data obtained from hematological examination results of pregnant women who underwent laboratory testing at Sentosa Maternity Hospital from January to December 2023. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in frequency distribution tables. The results showed that out of 58 pregnant women undergoing hematological examination, 28 women (48%) were anemic with a mean hemoglobin level of 10.2 g/dL, while 30 women (52%) had normal hemoglobin levels with a mean of 12.8 g/dL. Based on erythrocyte indices, most anemic pregnant women had microcytic hypochromic anemia, accounting for 19 women (67%) with mean MCV of 72.3 fL, MCH of 29.8 pg, and MCHC of 33.9 g/dL, whereas 9 women (33%) had normocytic normochromic anemia with mean MCV of 83.4 fL, MCH of 29.6 pg, and MCHC of 33.4 g/dL. It can be concluded that nearly half of the examined pregnant women experienced anemia, with microcytic hypochromic anemia being the most dominant type.

Limited land availability is a major constraint in developing school infrastructure in active urban educational facilities. This study evaluates the classroom development plan at SDN 39 Lubuklinggau from the perspective of a planner, focusing on land limitation, functional needs, safety, constructability, and long-term building performance. A descriptive-evaluative approach was applied through technical observation, document review, alternative assessment, weighted scoring, and risk analysis. The results indicate that horizontal expansion is constrained by limited open space and may reduce internal circulation, student activity areas, and emergency space. Three alternatives were compared: horizontal expansion, building rearrangement, and a two-storey classroom scheme. The two-storey alternative obtained the highest score of 84, compared with 61 for rearrangement and 56 for horizontal expansion. However, its feasibility depends on further soil investigation, structural design, staircase and evacuation safety, utility coordination, construction phasing, and strict site safety control. The study recommends that the planner prioritize detailed site measurement, geotechnical investigation, detailed engineering design, construction safety planning, and post-construction functional evaluation. A vertical classroom strategy can be considered a rational solution for land-constrained schools when supported by accountable technical planning and integrated project control.

Plastic waste, particularly bottle caps, poses a significant environmental challenge due to its slow degradation rate. This study aims to design a functional shoe rack utilizing plastic bottle cap waste to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production). The product development process employed the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to translate consumer needs into measurable technical specifications. Concept selection was evaluated using the Pugh Matrix, while financial feasibility was analyzed through the Break Even Point (BEP) approach. The research resulted in an optimal shoe rack design measuring 53x32x37 cm, weighing 1.5 kg, and featuring additional side hangers for socks. The production process involves shredding, molding with resin, cutting, and assembling, with a total duration of 367.03 minutes. Financial analysis indicates that the business reaches the break-even point at a minimum production of 2 units or a total sales value of Rp227,272. This research demonstrates that integrating industrial engineering methods into plastic waste management can produce functional, durable, and economically viable products.

A bustier plays a crucial role in supporting the body, enhancing its shape, and enhancing aesthetics, especially when worn with a kebaya or evening gown. This study aims to analyze the results of bustier production using three different types of boning, such as needle-inserted boning, sewn-in boning, and steel boning, to determine the most optimal type of boning. The method used is Research and Development (R&D), encompassing data collection, product design, validation, testing, and product revision. This study found that the bustier with inserted boning achieved fairly good results with an average score of 3.00, which equates to 75.00% and falls into the “acceptable” category, while the bustier with sewn-in boning demonstrated the most optimal results. Based on validation testing by two expert validators, this product received an average score of 3.64 out of a total of 4, with a 90.91% acceptability rate, which falls into the “highly acceptable” category. The bustier with steel boning received an average score of 2.82, or 70.45%, which also falls into the “acceptable” category. Steel boning is not yet widely available, so its availability should be confirmed before production begins. Installing both sewn boning and steel boning requires precision. Therefore, it is recommended that you first practice structural sewing techniques.

This study aimed to determine the physical characteristics and consumer preferences of a commercial fusion dessert, durian–katuk klapertaart (Sauropus androgynus). An experimental method was employed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three different treatments. Organoleptic evaluation was conducted by 30 untrained panelists using a hedonic test. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the substitution percentage in each treatment had a significant effect on consumer acceptance in terms of aroma, texture, color, and taste. Formulation F2 was the most preferred by the panelists. The physical characteristics of the F2 formulation were soft with a slightly fibrous texture, a moderately strong durian aroma, a fairly strong katuk aroma, a slightly dark green color, and a balanced sweet taste of durian and katuk.

Gangguan motorik halus pada anak usia prasekolah masih cukup tinggi, sehingga pada stimulasi untuk melatih kemampuan motorik halus anak, dalam melalui permainan edukatif seperti permainan kolase. Mengetahui pengaruh permainan kolase tematik terhadap kemampuan motorik halus anak usia prasekolah di TK Islam Gita Nanda Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experimental dengan rancangan two group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 41 responden yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol sebanyak 21 anak dan kelompok intervensi sebanyak 20 anak. Intervensi permainan kolase tematik dilakukan selama 25 menit sebanyak 6 kali pertemuan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi kemampuan motorik halus. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney dengan taraf signifikansi ? = 0,05. Sebelum intervensi, seluruh responden (100%) pada kelompok intervensi berada pada kategori Belum Berkembang (BB). Setelah diberikan intervensi permainan kolase tematik, kemampuan motorik halus meningkat menjadi kategori Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) pada seluruh responden (100%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai p-value = 0,000 (<0,05), sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak terdapat perubahan yang signifikan dengan nilai p-value = 0,157 (>0,05). Permainan kolase tematik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus anak usia prasekolah di TK Islam Gita Nanda Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang. Permainan kolase tematik dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu metode stimulasi perkembangan motorik halus pada anak usia prasekolah.

Background:The digital transformation in education requires teachers to possess adequate competencies in utilizing technology to support innovative, interactive, and student-centered learning. However, the integration of digital platforms into classroom practices remains limited due to teachers’ varying levels of digital competence and experience. This community service program aimed to improve teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support innovative learning implementation at SMAN 8 Banda Aceh. Methods:The program employed a participatory approach consisting of needs assessment, workshops, hands-on practice, mentoring, evaluation, and reflection activities. A total of 40 teachers from various subject areas participated in the program. The training materials included the use of Canva for developing digital learning media, Quizizz for gamified assessments, Google Workspace for collaborative learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to assist in instructional material development and creative learning activities. Program evaluation was conducted through participant observation, assessment of digital learning products, satisfaction questionnaires, and reflective discussions. Results: The results showed that participants successfully produced 18 interactive presentations using Canva, 10 digital modules, 8 Quizizz-based quizzes, and 4 evaluation instruments using Google Forms. Furthermore, teachers demonstrated improved competencies in designing digital learning media, developing technology-based assessments, integrating digital platforms into instructional practices, and utilizing AI as a learning support tool. The high level of participation and enthusiasm among participants indicated the effectiveness of the program in strengthening teachers’ digital literacy and technological competencies. Conclusion: In conclusion, the community service program successfully enhanced teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support innovative learning in schools.

The development of information technology has encouraged the emergence of electronic library innovations as a solution to improve community literacy, particularly in 3T (Disadvantaged, Frontier, and Outermost) areas with limited access to information. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the GEPSI Electronic Library in improving community knowledge in Tanjung Pidada Village, Tempuling District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. This research employed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consisted of 30 respondents selected through total sampling technique. Data were collected using pretest and posttest questionnaires and analyzed statistically to determine differences before and after the intervention. The results showed that prior to the intervention, the majority of respondents had poor knowledge (73.3%), while after using the GEPSI e-library, most respondents were categorized as having good knowledge (73.3%). Statistical analysis indicated a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. It can be concluded that the GEPSI Electronic Library is effective in improving community knowledge in 3T areas. This program has the potential to become an innovative strategy for equalizing information access and enhancing community literacy.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has a diversity of ethnic groups as well as a rich heritage of arts and culture. One form of art found is weaving with clove flower motifs. The purpose of this study is “The Application of Clove Flower Motif Weaving Technique on Ready to Wear.” The main material used is shoelaces, as a weaving material that is easy to shape and unique. The method applied is Research and Development (R&D), which includes: identifying potential and problems, data collection through literature study, observation, documentation, product design, design validation, to the process of making and evaluating the final product. The results of the study show that the clove flower motif weaving technique can be well applied to ready to wear, especially on the vest and pants parts, producing a modern fashion. Applying this technique requires high precision, especially in the process of arranging the weaving pattern and integrating it with the main material. This study is expected to serve as a reference in developing innovative designs. The conclusion of this research is that the weaving technique gives a unique and aesthetic impression on ready to wear. The suggestion for making woven products applied to ready to wear is that during the process of ironing glue on the weave, the heat should not be too high because the shoelace material is easily burned, and the ends of the weave should be burned to prevent fraying.