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Early childhood is a period of rapid growth and development in a child's life. At this stage, children begin to form the foundations of their intelligence, character, and social and emotional abilities that will influence their future lives. Therefore, early childhood education plays a very important role in providing stimulation and learning experiences that are appropriate for their stage of development. In West Sumatra Province, public awareness of the importance of early childhood education services continues to increase along with the growing number of early childhood education institutions. However, the increase in the number of institutions has not been accompanied by an improvement in service quality. Many institutions still face obstacles such as a shortage of qualified teachers, a lack of facilities and infrastructure, and low teacher welfare. This situation has an impact on the quality of services received by children and the satisfaction of parents as service recipients. The results of this study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the importance of improving service quality as an effort to create high-quality, competitive PAUD institutions that are able to meet the expectations of the community.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif perempuan dalam kebijakan lingkungan di Indonesia, serta mengidentifikasi sejauh mana perspektif tersebut telah terakomodasi dalam berbagai regulasi dan implementasi kebijakan. Mengingat perempuan memiliki peran strategis dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan menghadapi dampak perubahan lingkungan secara berbeda dibanding laki-laki, maka keterlibatan perspektif mereka menjadi keniscayaan dalam mewujudkan kebijakan lingkungan yang berkeadilan gender. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis wacana kritis terhadap dokumen kebijakan lingkungan nasional, seperti Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Kebijakan Strategis Nasional tentang Pengarusutamaan Gender, serta dokumen Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional. Data juga diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para aktivis lingkungan perempuan, akademisi, dan pembuat kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara normatif kebijakan lingkungan di Indonesia telah mengakui pentingnya partisipasi perempuan, namun dalam praktiknya perspektif perempuan masih sering terpinggirkan dan belum menjadi pertimbangan utama dalam penyusunan kebijakan. Beberapa faktor penyebabnya antara lain: dominasi narasi teknokratis yang maskulin, lemahnya mekanisme partisipasi publik yang sensitif gender, serta masih adanya bias budaya dalam kelembagaan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya reformasi kebijakan yang secara eksplisit mengintegrasikan perspektif perempuan, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan dalam pengarusutamaan gender, serta peningkatan ruang partisipasi publik yang setara bagi perempuan dalam setiap tahapan kebijakan lingkungan.

The growing use of smartphones among adolescents carries a high risk of addiction, which can negatively impact physical, mental, and social well-being. To address this issue, a community service program was implemented to conduct early detection of gadget addiction among high school students and provide educational health media to raise knowledge and awareness about excessive smartphone use. The program involved 240 students of SMA Negeri 1 Tuntang and was conducted in three stages: screening, development of educational materials, and health counseling. Screening used the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale and revealed that 90% of students were classified as addicted. Prior to counseling, 81.25% of students had low levels of knowledge regarding healthy gadget use, which significantly improved after the intervention, with 83.4% achieving high knowledge levels. Health counseling proved crucial in enhancing students’ understanding and promoting responsible smartphone habits. The program highlights the importance of collaborative efforts by schools, parents, and students to limit smartphone use, encourage physical activity, and foster face-to-face social interactions to support adolescent well-being.

This research examines criminal law policy in handling special narcotics crimes and their social impacts on Indonesian society. Narcotics crime constitutes an extraordinary crime that threatens public health, security, and social resilience. Therefore, the state implements criminal law policies through penal and non-penal approaches regulated in statutory provisions, particularly the Narcotics Law. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies in combating narcotics crimes and to examine the social impacts arising from the implementation of such policies. The research method used is normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that criminal law policies in narcotics control still face various challenges, including ineffective law enforcement, prison overcapacity, and social stigma against narcotics users. The social impacts are not only experienced by offenders but also affect families and the wider community. Consequently, criminal law policies that prioritize restorative justice, rehabilitation, and preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce negative social impacts and to ensure sustainable protection for society in Indonesia.

The increasing use of electronic devices, specifically gadgets, among elementary school children has caused various problems, such as addiction, decreased social interaction, health problems, and decreased concentration in learning. These problems involve not only children but also objects and things around them, as well as parents in managing them. Gadget use is not just a matter of quantity that exacerbates this condition. As a solution, the community service team held a socialization focused on improving healthy digital literacy through counseling, interactive discussions, and practical simulations. Results achieved included increased knowledge about the risks of excessive gadget use, increased collective awareness in limiting usage time, and the formation of practical guidelines for healthy gadget use in school and family environments. The results of the activity were documented in the form of a scientific article published in the community service journal as an academic contribution. Overall, the activity has gone according to plan in terms of planning, implementation, and partner involvement. Active participation of participants was evident in the enthusiasm in the discussions and the school's commitment to continuously monitoring gadget use. Thus, this program is expected to have a long-term positive impact in shaping wise behavior in using technology among elementary school children.

Concurrent stunting and overweight/obesity (CSO) in adolescents represents a complex form of the double burden of malnutrition, characterized by linear growth faltering coexisting with excess body fat. This condition poses significant metabolic, cognitive, and reproductive risks that may affect long-term health and productivity. This review employs a narrative literature approach by synthesizing evidence from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and national journal portals. Included literature comprises studies assessing stunting, overweight/obesity, metabolic risk, cognitive function, and reproductive health among adolescents. Indonesian evidence (Harits et al., 2024) indicates that obese adolescents with a history of stunting exhibit a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (18.75%), greater abdominal adiposity, and elevated systolic blood pressure compared to non-stunted obese peers. Biologically, stunting impairs neurocognitive development and reduces muscle mass, while obesity promotes metabolic inflammation; the coexistence of these factors may reduce physical fitness, learning capacity, and overall productivity. CSO also affects reproductive health, including increased risks of ovulatory dysfunction, delayed sexual maturation, and intergenerational nutritional disadvantages. Although linear growth recovery is limited due to epiphyseal closure, functional recovery through improved diet quality and physical activity remains possible. In conclusion, adolescents with CSO experience greater metabolic, cognitive, and reproductive vulnerabilities than those affected by stunting or obesity alone. Interventions emphasizing metabolic function, diet quality, physical fitness, and reproductive health preparation are essential to prevent long-term consequences and break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Further national research is required to map the prevalence and implications of CSO comprehensively.

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang semakin pesat mendorong perubahan besar dalam dunia pendidikan, sehingga pembelajaran abad ke-21 tidak hanya menekankan pemahaman materi, tetapi juga menuntut penguatan empat kompetensi inti atau 4C, yaitu berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi. Integrasi teknologi menjadi kebutuhan penting untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih interaktif, adaptif, dan berpusat pada peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis temuan dari sebelas artikel ilmiah yang membahas implementasi teknologi dalam mengembangkan keterampilan 4C pada pembelajaran modern. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah fokus, desain, serta hasil penelitian dari setiap artikel, kemudian mengintegrasikannya melalui analisis tematik untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih menyeluruh. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai bentuk teknologi seperti platform pembelajaran digital, aplikasi mobile, media interaktif, kecerdasan buatan, serta perangkat kolaboratif mampu memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan peserta didik. Teknologi terbukti memperkuat kemampuan berpikir kritis melalui kegiatan analisis informasi dan pemecahan masalah berbasis digital; meningkatkan kreativitas melalui pembuatan konten multimedia dan eksplorasi ide; memperluas kemampuan komunikasi melalui diskusi virtual, presentasi digital, dan interaksi sinkron maupun asinkron; serta mendorong kolaborasi melalui proyek kelompok berbasis platform daring yang memudahkan koordinasi dan pembagian tugas. Secara keseluruhan, integrasi teknologi memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap pengembangan 4C, meskipun keberhasilannya tetap sangat dipengaruhi oleh kesiapan guru, dukungan sarana, serta desain pembelajaran yang tepat. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya peningkatan kompetensi digital pendidik dan penguatan lingkungan belajar berbasis teknologi agar keterampilan 4C dapat dioptimalkan dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Abad 21; Keterampilan 4C; Integrasi Teknologi; Pembelajaran Modern; Literasi Digital

Corruption is an extraordinary crime that has multidimensional impacts on a country’s social, economic, and political life. In Indonesia, corruption cases not only cause financial losses to the state but also undermine public trust in the government and weaken the rule of law. This study examines the case of social assistance (bansos) corruption during the Covid-19 pandemic involving former Minister of Social Affairs, Juliari P. Batubara, who was proven to receive bribes from vendors providing social assistance amounting to tens of billions of rupiah. The study aims to understand the regulation of corruption under Indonesian law, the chronology of the bansos corruption case, and the criminal liability of the former Minister of Social Affairs. The analysis shows that this case not only caused financial losses to the state but also inflicted social suffering on the poor affected by the pandemic and reduced the government’s legitimacy. The prison sentence, fines, and obligation to pay state compensation imposed on Juliari affirm the principle of criminal accountability, while digital-based reform in social assistance distribution and multi-layered supervision serve as preventive measures to curb future corruption. This study emphasizes the importance of transparency, accountability, and strict law enforcement in combating corruption in Indonesia.

The production of breast milk is essential for promoting optimal growth and developmental outcomes in infants throughout the first six months of life. Nevertheless, several studies have indicated that some breastfeeding mothers face challenges in producing adequate milk, often influenced by nutritional status, psychological conditions, and environmental support. The katuk plant (Sauropus androgynus), a well-known local herb, has long been recognized for its potential as a natural galactagogue that can stimulate breast milk production. The innovation of processing katuk leaf extract into biscuits offers a more practical, convenient, and potentially acceptable alternative for daily consumption among the community. The present study aimed to examine the impact of katuk leaf biscuits on breast milk production among breastfeeding mothers within the jurisdiction of Kuta Baro Health Center, Aceh Besar District. A pre-experimental design utilizing a one-group pretest–posttest method was implemented, involving 20 breastfeeding mothers who fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out through the administration of questionnaires and by measuring breast milk volume using a calibrated measuring cup.The study findings indicated that before the intervention, most participants had relatively low breast milk production, averaging 69.1 ml. After a seven-day intervention, the mean breast milk volume showed a significant increase to 246.5 ml, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), the findings indicate that katuk leaf biscuits exert a significant influence on increasing breast milk production. Overall, this study underscores the potential of locally sourced, herbal-based food innovations as an effective and sustainable approach to enhancing breast milk production and supporting the success of exclusive breastfeeding programs.

This study aims to analyze the role of internet technology in enhancing the competitiveness of ebusiness in Indonesia, particularly in the sector of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Based on theoretical reviews, internet technology, e-business, technology adoption (TAM), and the concept of competitiveness serve as the main foundations for understanding the ongoing digital transformation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a purposive sampling technique, involving five informants consisting of digital SME owners, online store managers, and users of service platforms. Data were collected through interviews and observations, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the internet plays a crucial role as an essential infrastructure that enhances marketing effectiveness, expands market reach, and improves operational efficiency. Marketplaces, social media, and delivery-service platforms contribute significantly to sales growth and service quality. However, challenges such as low digital literacy, platform commission fees, changes in social media algorithms, and uneven infrastructure development still limit optimal utilization. From a policy perspective, the study recommends strengthening digital infrastructure and improving national digital literacy. This research emphasizes that the success of e-business depends on technology access, human resource competence, and support through public policy. It can be concluded that internet technology serves as a vital foundation for e-business competitiveness in the digital era.

Halal certification is a primary requirement for Muslims when choosing food. This requirement is stated in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 168 of the Quran, which commands Muslims to consume food that is halal and wholesome. Halal certification is assessed not only by the ingredients used but also by the entire production process, from processing and raw material use, transportation, to sales and consumption methods. In Indonesia, the development of halal products continues to grow rapidly in line with the large Muslim population. However, public understanding of halal certification, particularly for food and beverage products, remains relatively low. Based on this situation, this study examines the impact of halal certification on the marketing strategies of MSMEs in the food sector. This research seeks to answer two main questions: first, to what extent do MSMEs understand the importance of halal certification? and second, does the existence of halal certification influence consumer purchasing interest? The study used a library method, reviewing a variety of relevant literature, and an empirical approach to obtain data directly from the public.

Using a systematic literature review approach to various previously published studies, this research investigates the influence of consumer nationalism on the intention to purchase domestic products. The purpose of this study is to find patterns of results, influencing components, and the impact of consumer nationalism on their behavior when purchasing local products. Data were collected from articles in relevant national and international journals, particularly those discussing ideas about consumer nationalism, consumer ethnocentrism, and factors determining purchase intention. The findings of the study indicate that consumer nationalism has a positive and significant effect on consumers' intention to purchase domestic goods. A number of variables, including product quality perceptions, price sensitivity, cosmopolitanism levels, and consumer demographics, especially Generation Z, who tend to be involved in the digital world, influence this effect. In addition, this study found that customer awareness, attitudes, and preferences towards local products are influenced by social media and digital campaigns such as the Bangga Buatan Indonesia (Proudly Made in Indonesia) program. The results of this study provide strategic benefits for businesses when they develop marketing plans based on the value of nationalism. These results can also be used as a reference for public policies aimed at increasing consumption and competitiveness of domestic products through the implementation of such policies.

This study aims to describe the condition of clean water access and its impact on public health in Swadaya Village. The research employed a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with household heads, community leaders, health workers, and local water managers. The findings reveal that access to clean water in Swadaya Village remains very limited. Most residents rely on dug wells and river water for daily needs, while only a small portion use water from the local water utility (PDAM) due to high installation costs and limited pipeline coverage. The water quality often decreases during the dry season, becoming cloudy, odorous, and causing skin irritation. These conditions contribute to the increasing incidence of waterborne diseases such as skin infections, diarrhea, and typhoid fever. Besides infrastructure limitations, the lack of community awareness regarding hygiene and sanitation practices worsens the situation. Although the village government has proposed clean water development programs, their implementation has been hampered by budget constraints. The study concludes that clean water problems in Swadaya Village are not only related to resource availability but also to environmental management and community behavior. Therefore, improving water infrastructure must be accompanied by community education to promote a healthy, safe, and sustainable living environment.

This study aims to determine the impact of Financial Technology (Fintech) and digital banking on the overall performance of conventional banking institutions in Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach using a comprehensive literature review as its primary method. Data analysis in this study was conducted through an extensive review of various sources, including books, peer-reviewed journal articles, research reports, official websites, newspapers, and magazines, to obtain a holistic understanding of the topic. The results of this study indicate that both Fintech and digital banking significantly affect the performance of conventional banks in Indonesia. Specifically, the effect of Fintech on conventional banking is reflected in a decrease in traditional banking profitability, because Fintech platforms provide alternative channels and competition in credit distribution and financial services. Meanwhile, the effect of digital banking on conventional banking includes improvements in operational efficiency, wider service accessibility for customers, and noticeable changes in customer behavior and expectations. These findings suggest that conventional banks must adapt strategically to remain competitive in the evolving financial ecosystem.

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the policy to convert the Abu Bakar Ali (ABA) parking area toward vendors and parking attendants. The data collection technique used was descriptive qualitative research, obtained from in-depth interviews with vendors and parking attendants and observations at the relocation site of the Malioboro Abu Bakar Ali 2 Parking Area. The Abu Bakar Ali parking lot conversion policy was an effort by the Yogyakarta City Government to improve the aesthetics of the Malioboro area and preserve cultural heritage. The findings reveal a significant gap between the environmental and cultural objectives of the policy and the socio-economic reality, with low tourist visitation to the new location resulting in a drastic decrease in income, leading to resentment among vendors and parking attendants. Therefore, the Yogyakarta City Government needs to review the implementation of this policy so that it does not lead to horizontal conflicts between the government and the vendors and parking attendants.

This community service activity was carried out to assist MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) actors in Jrebeng Kulon Village in understanding and utilizing affiliate programs as a digital marketing strategy. The training was conducted through material presentation, demonstrations, and practical mentoring to ensure participants could follow each step more easily. Before the training, most participants were unfamiliar with the concept of affiliation and lacked the technical skills to use affiliate platforms. After participating in the activity, a significant increase was observed, particularly in the participants' ability to create accounts, select products, understand the commission system, and embed affiliate links. This change indicates that a practice-based training method is effective in helping MSMEs adapt to the developments in digital marketing technology. Overall, this training provided tangible benefits in improving digital literacy and opening opportunities for MSMEs to grow their businesses through a more effective and relevant marketing strategy in the digital era.

Information security incidents within government institutions have become a critical issue due to their potential impact on public trust and socio-economic stability. This study examines the social and economic impacts of information security incidents at the General Election Commission (KPU) of Jambi Province. The research aims to identify the types of security incidents that occurred, analyze their social and economic consequences, and evaluate mitigation efforts implemented by the institution. This study employs a qualitative case study approach, using data collection techniques including document analysis, media reports, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that information security incidents significantly affect public trust in electoral institutions, increase public anxiety regarding personal data protection, and generate additional economic costs related to system recovery, security enhancement, and administrative delays. Furthermore, the incidents also indirectly affect voter participation and institutional reputation. The study highlights the importance of strengthening information security governance, improving human resource awareness, and implementing comprehensive risk management strategies. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of more resilient information security policies in public sector institutions, particularly in electoral management bodies.

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common dermatological condition affecting adolescents and young adults, with multifactorial causes including hormonal influences, increased follicular keratinization, excessive sebum production, and colonization by Cutibacterium acnes. External factors, particularly skincare behavior, are also considered to play an important role. The use of skincare products that are unsuitable for skin type or contain comedogenic ingredients such as mineral oil, lanolin, and certain silicones may clog pores and exacerbate acne. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between skincare product selection and usage behavior, types of skincare products used, and frequency of use with the occurrence of acne vulgaris among female medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, cohorts 2022–2024. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Primary data were collected through an online questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from the student directory. A total of 90 respondents were selected using stratified random sampling. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. The results showed a significant association between skincare product selection and usage behavior and the occurrence of acne vulgaris (p = 0.043), as well as between the type of skincare products used and acne incidence (p < 0.001). However, no significant relationship was found between the frequency of skincare product use and acne vulgaris (p = 0.116). These findings indicate that appropriate product selection and type are more influential in acne development than usage frequency.

This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to explore the impact of users’ mental models on the implementation of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) as a strategy for mitigating password guessing risks in organizational environments. Amid the growing landscape of cyber threats, single-factor authentication has proven to be vulnerable, making MFA an essential layered security solution. However, the adoption of MFA remains slow. Existing studies indicate that expert users perceive MFA as a useful additional layer of verification, whereas non-expert users often view it as a burdensome task (a chore) and may even struggle to distinguish between different types of MFA. Dependence on mobile devices emerges as a common source of frustration for both groups. These findings emphasize that understanding users’ mental models is crucial for improving the implementation and usability of MFA. Innovations such as adaptive MFA or Single Input Multi-Factor Authentication (SIMFA) show potential as solutions to balance security requirements and user experience.

The instability of the climate is becoming increasingly prominent across Southeast Asia, creating uncertainty in agricultural systems that are highly dependent on seasonal weather patterns. Indonesia, where rice remains the primary staple food, is particularly vulnerable to the effects of rising temperatures and rainfall deficits. This study applies the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model to predict rice production while incorporating indicators of extreme climate anomalies. Using publicly available datasets, including FAOSTAT production statistics, NOAA rainfall and temperature anomalies, and climate indices from the World Bank, this model was developed following the Box-Jenkins procedure. Among the configurations tested, the SARIMA model (1,1,1)(0,1,1)₁₂ showed the strongest performance, reflected in a MAPE of 4.62% and low RMSE values. The model indicates that significant El Niño events can reduce annual rice production by 3–7%, while wetter La Niña conditions may support production recovery. These findings highlight the importance of integrating climate-sensitive data into agricultural forecasting. The model presented here could support early warning systems, adaptive farming strategies, and long-term food security planning in Indonesia.