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This study aims to analyze the influence of Regional Original Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK), and Tax Revenue Sharing Fund (DBHP) on Regional Expenditure, as well as to analyze whether the flypaper effect phenomenon occurs in Regencies/Cities in Jambi Province during the 2017-2023 period. The data used in this study is panel data that combines time series data for 7 years and cross-section data from 11 Regencies/Cities in Jambi Province. The analysis method used is panel data regression with the selected model Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of the study show that simultaneously (F Test), the variables PAD, DAU, DAK, and DBHP have a significant effect on Regional Expenditure. Partially (t Test), PAD and DBHP do not have a positive and significant effect on Regional Expenditure, while DAU and DAK show a positive and significant effect on Regional Expenditure. This study also found a flypaper effect in regencies/cities in Jambi Province. This indicates that regional governments in Jambi Province tend to be more responsive in increasing regional spending using transfer funds from the central government rather than optimizing their own potential Regional Original Revenue (PAD).

This study examines students’ interest in participating in the Al-Kautsar Tahfidz Dormitory Program at MAN 1 Baubau and identifies the factors influencing their participation. The study also seeks to provide a deeper understanding of how both internal and external conditions shape students’ willingness to engage in the program. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with dormitory supervisors, participating students, and non-participating students. Additional supporting information was also gathered through informal discussions and observation in the dormitory environment to strengthen the data validity. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing in an iterative process to ensure accurate interpretation. The findings indicate that students’ interest is shaped by internal factors, such as religious motivation, the desire to memorize the Qur’an, and self-improvement, as well as external factors, including parental support, peer influence, program socialization, and the religious dormitory environment. Conversely, low interest is associated with limited family support, low self-confidence in Qur’anic literacy, competing activities outside school, and perceptions of a demanding dormitory schedule. Overall, the program contributes positively to students’ religious character, discipline, and Qur’anic memorization skills, although variations in student interest remain evident depending on their personal and environmental conditions.

The study critically examines the Gospel of John as a theological text integrating the incarnate Logos and sacramental symbolism. Using a qualitative, library-based approach with historical-critical and hermeneutical analysis, it shows that John’s Gospel not only narrates Jesus’ life but constructs a symbolic, existential, and transformative theological reflection. The Logos shifts from a metaphysical principle to a personal reality in history through the incarnation, enabling a concrete encounter between God and humanity. Within this framework, symbols such as water and bread function as media of revelation guiding individuals toward a living, relational faith experience. Furthermore, sacramental symbolism in the Gospel of John is ontologically grounded in the incarnation of the Logos. Faith is thus understood not merely as intellectual assent but as participation in divine life that transforms human existence. The integration of Christological and sacramental dimensions indicates that faith is holistic, encompassing spiritual, material, and relational aspects. Thus, the Gospel of John presents a theological vision of faith as a concrete and dynamic existential encounter, relevant for contemporary theological reflection.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Poago tradition in Kapoa Barat Village, South Buton Regency, identify the Islamic values embedded within it, and explain its role as a form of local wisdom in the community. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving traditional leaders, religious leaders, village officials, tradition practitioners, and local community members. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion verification. The findings reveal that the Poago tradition continues to be preserved as an integral part of the community’s cultural life and serves as a medium for strengthening social relationships among residents. The tradition embodies various Islamic values, including gratitude, mutual assistance, deliberation, social bonding, togetherness, and social care. These values reflect the harmonious integration of Islamic teachings and local cultural traditions. In addition to functioning as a means of cultural preservation, the Poago tradition contributes to strengthening social solidarity and serves as a medium for transmitting religious and moral values to younger generations. Therefore, the Poago tradition can be regarded as a form of local wisdom that remains relevant in maintaining social harmony and religious life within the community.

The study examines John 15:1–8, highlighting its Christological, ecclesiological dimensions, and pastoral implications in a contemporary context, particularly in West Kalimantan. Employing an exegetical approach integrated with theological reflection, the metaphor of the “true vine” is understood as a declaration of Jesus’ identity as the source of authentic life and the relational foundation of the community of disciples. The concept of “abiding” is interpreted as an ongoing existential connectedness with Christ, expressed through practices of faith such as engagement with the Word, prayer, and love. Meanwhile, “bearing fruit” is not merely ethical output but an authentic manifestation of life grounded in this relational union. Furthermore, the study argues that Johannine ecclesiology is organic in nature, portraying the church as a living community deriving its existence from and in Christ, rather than a purely institutional structure. The pastoral implications of this metaphor are significant in addressing local challenges such as individualism, ecological crisis, religious plurality, and the spiritual formation of youth. Using a praxis–reflection–praxis framework, the text is integrated into theological education as a model linking faith reflection with concrete action. The findings affirm that Christ-centered spirituality fosters personal and communal transformation relevant to the contemporary church.

The rapid development of digital technology has transformed the dissemination and consumption of religious information among Muslim communities. Alongside these advancements, the spread of Inkār al-Sunnah ideology through digital platforms has become a significant challenge to the integrity of Islamic religious understanding, particularly among younger generations who are frequently exposed to unverified religious content. This phenomenon has the potential to weaken the authority of the Sunnah as a primary source of Islamic teachings alongside the Qur'an. This study aims to examine Islamic education strategies in countering the spread of Inkār al-Sunnah in the digital era, focusing on strengthening hadith literacy, enhancing the role of Islamic Education teachers, utilizing digital media, and developing religious moderation education. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research and content analysis of relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the challenge of Inkār al-Sunnah affects three dimensions of Islamic education: curricular, pedagogical, and socio-digital. In response, a multidimensional strategy is required, including strengthening Islamic epistemology, improving hadith literacy, contextualising learning through the living hadith approach, reformulating hadith curricula, optimizing educational digital media, enhancing teacher competencies, strengthening Islamic educational institutions, fostering family-school collaboration, and promoting religious moderation education. The study concludes that adaptive and integrative Islamic education, grounded in the Qur'an and Sunnah, plays a crucial role in developing a generation of Muslims who are critical, knowledgeable, digitally literate, and moderate in responding to contemporary religious challenges in the digital age.

The quality of Catholic Religious Education learning is an important aspect in shaping students’ faith, character, knowledge, and religious life skills. However, the learning process at SMK Negeri 1 Talibura still faces various challenges, particularly in the areas of spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, Catholic religious knowledge, and religious life skills. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum (Merdeka Belajar Curriculum) and its contribution to improving the quality of Catholic Religious Education learning at SMK Negeri 1 Talibura. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, Catholic Religious Education teachers, students, and parents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum has been carried out effectively through learning planning, learning implementation, learning assessment, and the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5). This implementation has had a positive impact on the learning process, outputs, and outcomes. Students demonstrated improvements in spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, Catholic religious knowledge, and religious life skills, as well as positive behavioral changes in their daily lives. The findings imply that the Independent Learning Curriculum can serve as an effective strategy for improving the quality of Catholic Religious Education learning in a holistic manner.

A crucial issue currently facing the Church is its stance on building good and harmonious relationships with all other belief systems within its own community. Although dogmatically the Church explicitly expresses its openness to all religious practices and piety lived out by the faithful according to their traditional beliefs, the Church remains cautious so that in building relationships through dialogue, the traditions of the Church are not lost. This paper aims to highlight the relationship between the Catholic faith and the traditional belief system of the Manggarai people in light of the dogmatic constitution Nostra Aetate. Nostra Aetate is one of the key documents resulting from the Second Vatican Council that addresses the current reality of religious diversity. Through this document, the Church seeks to declare its commitment to reflecting on the fact that all humanity shares a single origin and a single ultimate goal: God Himself. The beliefs or religious system of the Manggarai people is implicitly monotheistic, namely Mori Jari dedek Ema pu’un kuasa. On this basis, the Church sees that the same concept exists in Catholic doctrine. In this study, the author uses qualitative research with a text analysis approach. Text analysis is a methodology in qualitative research that aims to interpret and analyze texts based on their context.

This study aims to analyze the bankruptcy process of PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk (Sritex) according to Law Number 37 of 2004. In addition, the legal impact on its subsidiary, PT Primayudha Mandirijaya in Boyolali, including legal protection for affected employees, will also  yang be reviewed. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data were obtained through a literature review of relevant regulations and legal literature. The results of the study indicate that although PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk has been declared bankrupt by the commercial court, legally, the assets of PT Primayudha Mandirijaya as a subsidiary do not immediately become part of the bankruptcy estate of its parent company. This is based on the principle that the legal entity is independent (separate legal entity) and its responsimerupakan bilities are limited (limited liability), which separates the assets in question from the parent company and the subsidiary, unless there is evidence indicating a guarantee from the company (corporate guarantee). Furthermore, the legal study on labor protection emphasizes that the rights of PT Primayudha Mandirijaya employees need to be legally protected in accordance with national labor regulations and bankruptcy law to mitigate the social and economic impacts in the Boyolali region. The study concludes that the legal existence of the subsidiary remains independent despite the bankruptcy of its parent company. However, it is crucial to prioritize contractual risk reduction and worker rights security during the curator's handling.

Students of the Indonesian School of Jeddah (SIJ) are predominantly categorized as Third Culture Kids (TCK) who face sociocultural challenges and complex health determinants, including a high risk of dental caries and limited character monitoring outside the classroom. This transnational community service program aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated educational model using audio-visual media through the “Happy Teeth, Bright Smile” campaign and self-monitoring through the “My Adventure Journal” in improving oral health literacy and students’ character behavior. The study employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach with mixed methods involving 155 elementary and junior high school students. Dental knowledge data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, while journal compliance was calculated descriptively using the Grand Mean method and triangulated with content analysis of parental feedback. The results showed that elementary students’ compliance with daily character missions increased by 28.31%, particularly in the discipline dimension. Among junior high school students, multimedia intervention significantly improved clinical preventive knowledge (p < 0.001), with mean scores increasing from 77.00 to 90.20. Parental feedback indicated improvements in self-regulation, responsibility, and self-confidence. The study concludes that optimizing the Tripartite Partnership among university students, schools, and parents is effective in strengthening psychosocial resilience and students’ basic health independence in a transnational environment.

Background: Labor is a physiological process that is commonly accompanied by pain, causing discomfort, anxiety, and fear that may interfere with maternal well-being and labor progress. Effleurage massage is a complementary, non-pharmacological intervention used to reduce labor pain. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of effleurage massage in reducing pain intensity during the first stage of labor. Method: A literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from Google Scholar. An initial search identified 45 articles, and after screening based on publication year (2021–2026), relevance, and inclusion criteria, 10 research articles were included for analysis. Data were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Results: The findings consistently showed that effleurage massage reduced labor pain by promoting relaxation, decreasing muscle tension, improving blood circulation, and stimulating endorphin release through the gate control mechanism. Most studies also reported improved maternal comfort during labor. Conclusion: In conclusion, effleurage massage is an effective, safe, affordable, and easy-to-apply complementary therapy that can be integrated into midwifery care to reduce labor pain and enhance maternal comfort.  

Background: Breastfeeding is a valuable experience for both mother and infant, enhancing cognitive development, immunity, and emotional bonding. However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage remains suboptimal, partly due to inadequate breastfeeding technique skills among mothers. Objective: This study aims to analyze the differences in breastfeeding technique skills among pregnant women before and after a video-based educational intervention at the Gema Santi Nusa Penida Regional General Hospital, Klungkung Regency. Methods: This study utilized a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The population consisted of 160 pregnant women visiting the Gema Santi Nusa Penida Regional General Hospital from March to April 2025. A sample of 32 pregnant women was determined using a comparative analysis sample size formula and selected via purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through observation using a validated and reliable breastfeeding technique skill checklist (calculated $r = 0.411 - 0.758 > 0.349$; Cronbach's alpha $= 0.757 > 0.6$). Results: The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that the data were normally distributed, with values of 0.325 (pre-test) and 0.127 (post-test) $> 0.05$. The mean score for breastfeeding technique skills was 42.28 before the intervention and increased to 70.46 afterwards. The paired t-test demonstrated a significant difference in breastfeeding technique skills before and after the educational intervention ($p = 0.000 < 0.05$). Conclusion: Video media is highly effective in improving breastfeeding technique skills. Future initiatives should focus on developing more comprehensive video content to further enhance educational efficacy.

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a mode of delivery frequently used in women with high-risk pregnancies. Over the past two decades, the rate of CS has increased significantly worldwide. Although CS can be a life-saving intervention when performed based on appropriate medical indications, it may also result in adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants and increase the clinical and economic burden on healthcare systems. Limiting CS rates can be achieved through the control of modifiable risk factors. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the factors contributing to the occurrence of cesarean section. Method: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted at Singasana Regional General Hospital, Tabanan Regency, from February to May 2025. The study sample consisted of 259 women who underwent cesarean delivery during the period 2020–2024. Data were collected through a review of medical records using a checklist instrument. Univariate analysis was performed to describe maternal characteristics and indications for cesarean section. Result: Most cesarean deliveries occurred in women aged 20–35 years (77.99%) and in multiparous women (48.65%). The most dominant maternal factor was a previous cesarean section (37.6%), while the most common fetal factor was fetal distress (42.7%). Conclusion: Maternal age of 20–35 years, multiparity, a history of previous cesarean section, and fetal distress were the dominant factors associated with cesarean delivery. These findings highlight the importance of early antenatal risk screening and optimal labor management to reduce unnecessary cesarean sections and improve maternal and neonatal safety.

- Background: The rate of cesarean section (CS) deliveries continues to increase in Indonesia. Bali Province ranks first nationally, with a cesarean delivery rate of 53.2%. Cesarean section results in surgical wounds that cause pain in postpartum mothers. One non-pharmacological intervention to reduce pain is early mobilization through video media. Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers before and after receiving early mobilization through video media. Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of post-cesarean mothers at Singasana Regional General Hospital. A total of 26 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of early mobilization delivered through a 3-minute and 23-second video, accompanied by healthcare personnel. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Most respondents were aged 20–35 years, multiparous, had completed senior high school, and were employed. The median pain intensity decreased from 5.00 before the intervention to 3.00 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in pain intensity before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Early mobilization through video media was effective in reducing pain intensity among post-cesarean mothers. Video media can be utilized as an educational tool to support the implementation of early mobilization in healthcare settings..

Background: South Tangerang City has experienced an increase in the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five years old over the past three years. In 2023, South Tangerang City prevalence of the incidence of diarrhea in under five years old 17,68%. Purpose: This study aims to determine the distribution of diarrhea incidence in children under five years old based on risk factors through a spatial analysis approach in South Tangerang City in 2023. Methods: This study employs a quantitative, descriptive approach with an ecological design. The study was conducted from November 1, 2024, to July 31, 2025. The population and sample of this study consist of all seven sub-districts in South Tangerang City in 2023, using a total sampling technique. The variables studied included diarrhea incidence in children under five years old, population density, safe sanitation access, supervised drinking water facilities according to standards, and vitamin A supplementation coverage. Secondary data was obtained from the Health Department and the Central Statistics Agency of South Tangerang City in 2023. Results: The study results showed that in 2023, Pamulang Subdistrict had the highest number of diarrhea incidences in children under five years old. The area is also known to have a very high population density, safe sanitation access that is still below the national target, the percentage of supervised drinking water facilities and vitamin A coverage that has reached the national target. Conclusion: Most subdistricts in South Tangerang City in 2023 have high and low rates of diarrhea in children under five years old, and safe sanitation access is still below the national target.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis often experience anxiety due to therapy dependency, changes in health conditions, and uncertainty regarding the disease. Unresolved anxiety can reduce quality of life, comfort, and patient adherence to treatment. Therefore, non-pharmacological interventions are needed that are safe, easy to implement, and aligned with the patient's spiritual values. Mantram Tri Sandya has the potential to provide relaxation and psychological calm, thus helping to reduce anxiety. However, scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of this therapy in hemodialysis patients is still limited, making this research crucial.  Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the Tri Sandya mantra on reducing anxiety levels in CKD patients who are undergoing hemodialysis at the Buleleng Regency Regional Hospital. Methods: Pre-Experimental One Group Pre-Test & Post-Test research design with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test conducted at the Buleleng Regency Regional General Hospital. Data were collected using the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) questionnaire sheet with Purposive Sampling technique with a sample size of 88 people. Results: The results obtained from this study were that there was a decrease in anxiety levels when given Mantra Tri Sandya therapy to CKD patients who were undergoing hemodialysis with a P value <0.001 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant effect of administering the Tri Sandy mantra on reducing anxiety levels in CKD patients who are undergoing hemodialysis at the Buleleng Regency Regional Hospital.

Background: The elderly are a vulnerable group requiring special attention, particularly regarding degenerative diseases like hypertension. In Melinggih Village, there are around 250 elderly residents, but participation in village activities is very low (only 57 are active). The main issues include limited information on degenerative diseases, a lack of skills in preparing traditional medicine, and weak cadre capacity in designing productive activities. Based on these conditions, this community service program (PKM) was implemented to improve the quality of life, health, independence, and productivity of the elderly, supporting the Indonesia Emas 2045 Vision and SDGs targets. Method: The research team partnered with the elderly group. Implemented solutions included education on degenerative diseases, training in making celery-based herbal drinks using Balinese local wisdom to lower hypertension, cadre mentoring, and elderly gymnastics. The program concluded with a comprehensive evaluation of participants' knowledge and skills. Results: Active activities were structured to increase elderly productivity: 1) Elderly gymnastics, educational activities, and active mentoring were conducted with the PKM team, cadres, and elderly in Melinggih Village regarding hypertension, resulting in increased knowledge and skills in managing elderly hypertension. 2) The elderly learned to make herbal drinks from celery. 3) Health cadres appeared active and collaborated well with the PKM team. Conclusion: Education on degenerative diseases, specifically hypertension, went well, successfully increasing cadres' and the elderly's understanding of their conditions to optimize health awareness. Training on traditional medicine preparation, specifically making celery drinks to lower hypertension, also progressed successfully.

Background:The digital transformation in education requires teachers to possess adequate competencies in utilizing technology to support innovative, interactive, and student-centered learning. However, the integration of digital platforms into classroom practices remains limited due to teachers’ varying levels of digital competence and experience. This community service program aimed to improve teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support innovative learning implementation at SMAN 8 Banda Aceh. Methods:The program employed a participatory approach consisting of needs assessment, workshops, hands-on practice, mentoring, evaluation, and reflection activities. A total of 40 teachers from various subject areas participated in the program. The training materials included the use of Canva for developing digital learning media, Quizizz for gamified assessments, Google Workspace for collaborative learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to assist in instructional material development and creative learning activities. Program evaluation was conducted through participant observation, assessment of digital learning products, satisfaction questionnaires, and reflective discussions. Results: The results showed that participants successfully produced 18 interactive presentations using Canva, 10 digital modules, 8 Quizizz-based quizzes, and 4 evaluation instruments using Google Forms. Furthermore, teachers demonstrated improved competencies in designing digital learning media, developing technology-based assessments, integrating digital platforms into instructional practices, and utilizing AI as a learning support tool. The high level of participation and enthusiasm among participants indicated the effectiveness of the program in strengthening teachers’ digital literacy and technological competencies. Conclusion: In conclusion, the community service program successfully enhanced teachers’ competencies in utilizing digital platforms to support innovative learning in schools.

Background: Stunting remains one of the public health problems that requires early prevention through health education and growth monitoring in children under five years old. Lack of parental knowledge regarding balanced nutrition, child feeding practices, hygiene, and routine physical examination can increase the risk of growth disorders in toddlers. Purpose: Physical examination in toddlers is important to identify early signs of growth and developmental problems, including body weight, height or length, nutritional status, and general physical condition. Method: This community service activity was conducted face-to-face using health education, discussion, and direct physical examination methods. The stages of activity included preparation, delivery of educational materials about stunting, physical examination of toddlers, recording the results, and providing simple counseling to parents. Results: The activity showed that mothers were enthusiastic in participating in counseling and toddler physical examination. Before the education was given, several mothers still had limited understanding about the causes, impacts, and prevention of stunting. After the activity, mothers began to understand the importance of balanced nutrition, routine weighing, height measurement, immunization, hygiene, and regular visits to posyandu or health facilities. Conclusion: Education about stunting and physical examination of toddlers can increase parental awareness regarding early prevention of growth disorders. This activity is useful in encouraging families to monitor toddler growth regularly and implement healthy childcare practices.

Background:Landslides are a disaster that often occurs in hilly areas with high rainfall. The community's lack of knowledge about mitigation increases the risk of losses and casualties. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and preparedness of cadres and the community of Pargarutan Dolok Village in facing landslides through mentoring and counseling activities. The activity was carried out on May 25, 2026 in Pargarutan Dolok Village, East Angkola District, South Tapanuli Regency, targeting village cadres and the local community. Methods:The methods used included delivering material, interactive discussions, questions and answers, and distributing leaflets regarding the causes, signs, impacts, and mitigation steps for landslides. Evaluation was carried out through observations of participant participation and their ability to understand the material provided. The activity went well and received active participation from all participants. Results:The results of the observations showed an increase in participants' understanding of the causes, early signs, impacts, and actions that need to be taken before, during, and after a landslide occurs. The enthusiasm of the participants during the discussion also showed an increase in public awareness of the importance of disaster mitigation and preparedness. Conclusion: These findings indicate that landslide preparedness training is effective in increasing the knowledge, awareness, and preparedness of cadres and the community regarding landslide risks. This activity is expected to be the first step in strengthening community capacity and supporting the creation of disaster-resilient villages through ongoing disaster education.