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Injuries, supported by continuous education, plays an essential role in preventing further injury and Sports injuries are common occurrences in physical activities, with minor injuries being the most frequently experienced by athletes, students, and the general community. Improper initial management of minor sports injuries may lead to more severe conditions and prolonged recovery periods. This study aimed to describe the management of minor sports injuries at Boawae Public Health Center based on observation and interviews with healthcare professionals. A descriptive qualitative method was employed through direct observation and structured interviews with a general practitioner and a nurse at Boawae Public Health Center. The results indicated that the most common minor sports injuries treated were contusions, mild sprains, muscle cramps, and muscle soreness. The initial management applied by healthcare providers was based on the RICE principle (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation), accompanied by injury assessment before and after treatment. In addition, patients were provided with education regarding proper injury management and injury prevention. It can be concluded that appropriate early management of minor sports ensuring safe and sustainable participation in sports activities.

The development of academic writing skills among university students remains a serious challenge in higher education, particularly in Indonesian language courses that are often perceived as theoretical and procedural. This study aims to reconstruct Indonesian language learning through an Outcome Based Education (OBE) approach to strengthen students’ scientific writing skills at Universitas Muhammadiyah Maumere. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected through classroom observations and in-depth interviews with students and lecturers over a three-week period. The findings reveal that OBE based learning encourages clearer learning objectives, increases students’ awareness of academic writing standards, and fosters reflective and critical writing practices. Students demonstrated improved understanding of scientific text structures, argument development, and academic language conventions. Furthermore, the learning process shifted from teacher centered instruction to a more participatory and student oriented model, allowing students to actively construct knowledge through observation, discussion, and writing practice. The study also highlights that the integration of contextual learning and continuous feedback plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ confidence and motivation in academic writing. These findings imply that OBE based Indonesian language instruction can serve as an effective pedagogical strategy to cultivate academic literacy, critical thinking, and responsible scholarly attitudes among university students. The study recommends broader implementation of OBE principles in language education to support sustainable improvement in higher education learning outcomes.

Tawhid education is a fundamental aspect of Islamic education that serves as the foundation for the formation of faith and individual religious character. The family plays a crucial role as the primary educational environment in instilling the values of Tawhid from an early age. However, in modern social realities, the role of families in Tawhid education often faces various challenges, necessitating support from non-formal Islamic educational institutions. This study aims to describe the role of families in Tawhid education through their involvement in the Majlis Taklim ‘Izzatin Nisa Tangerang. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation of the Majlis Taklim administrators, the congregation, and ongoing learning activities. The results show that families play an active role in Tawhid education through parental role models, the habit of worship at home, and the strengthening of understanding of the faith gained from the Majlis Taklim activities. The Majlis Taklim ‘Izzatin Nisa serves as an educational tool that strengthens the congregation's understanding of Tawhid and encourages its implementation in family life. Thus, the synergy between families and religious study groups has been proven to contribute to strengthening monotheism education and building religious awareness within the community.

The increasing number of children with autism spectrum disorder in Indonesia presents new challenges for the inclusive education system, particularly in the development of social skills. This study aims to analyze the impact of floortime therapy on the development of social skills in children with autism at UPTD SMP Negeri 18 Depok City. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The theoretical framework was based on the floortime implementation theory proposed by Greenspan and Wieder (2006) and the social skills theory by Rachmah (2018). The results indicate that floortime therapy has a positive impact on improving the social skills of children with autism, particularly in aspects of attention and engagement, two-way communication, sharing ideas and emotions, and logical thinking. The effectiveness of the therapy is further enhanced by the contribution of the surrounding environment, including family members, teachers, peers, and therapists, who play an important role in supporting the sustainability of the intervention. These findings emphasize that floortime therapy is not only effective as a therapeutic approach but also serves as a supportive strategy in improving the quality of inclusive education services for children with special needs.  

This study aims to analyze the profitability level of the canteen at Nurul Islam 2 Islamic Boarding School and its contribution to the economy of the boarding school from a sharia perspective. The background of this study is based on the important role of Islamic boarding school business units as a source of economic independence for Islamic educational institutions. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The main informants of this study include the canteen manager and several students as consumers. The results of the study indicate that the canteen management has been running effectively, with a transparent financial recording system, separation of personal and operational cash, and a fair and affordable pricing strategy. The canteen's profitability level is relatively stable with an average daily income of between two and three million rupiah, and increases significantly during certain activities such as Sambangan. Business profits not only have a financial impact, but also contribute to financing the boarding school's activities and improving the welfare of students. From a sharia perspective, the economic practices of this canteen have implemented the principles of honesty (shiddiq), justice ('adl), trustworthiness, and blessings (barakah), so that it can be said that the Islamic boarding school canteen is a model of micro-economy based on sustainable Islamic values ​​and oriented towards the common good.

This research aimed to analyze the role of the secretariat in maximizing office administrative service funtions within the secretariat division of the departement of trade, industry, and cooperatives and SMEs of sikka regency. This research used a qualitative approach with data colletion techniques including interviews, observations, and document studies. The key informant in this research was the head of the secretariat division. Data analysis was conducted interactively through the stages of data colletion, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The result showed that the secretriat has carried out office administrative functions systematically and in a structured manner, covering routine, technical, analytical, interpersonal, and managerial functions. The management of correspondence and archives has been implemented following the established procedures, although it remained largely manual and faced challenges such as delays in letter numbering and limited supporting facilities. The utilization of information technology through the srikandi application has proven to improve work efficiency, however, it still requires enhanced human resource competencies and stronger technological infrastructure support. In terms of analysis and reporting, the secretariat played an important role in preparing administrativereports and providing accurate data to support managerial decision-making. Furthermore, the secretariat also held a strategic role in fostering coordination, communication, and harmonious working relationships within the organization.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the regional economy, including in Boyolali Regency. However, this contribution has not been fully matched by adequate human resources (HR). The main problem in this study is the still low capacity of MSMEs' human resources, particularly in aspects of managerial skills, digital literacy, and adaptability to changes in the business environment, which impact business performance. This study aims to analyze human resource development strategies implemented in the MSME context and examine the impact of these strategies on improving MSME performance in Boyolali Regency. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a content analysis approach to relevant scientific literature from the past five years. The research process includes determining inclusion and exclusion criteria, searching for literature sources, thematic coding, and synthesizing research findings. The results show that effective HR development strategies can be grouped into three main aspects: skills training, marketing digitalization, and cross-sector collaboration. These three strategies have been proven to contribute positively to improving MSME competency, operational efficiency, market expansion, and business competitiveness. Thus, human resource development is a key factor in driving sustainable improvement in MSME performance, particularly in facing the challenges of digital transformation and increasingly complex economic competition.

This study examines the role of digital governance in improving the transparency of public services in Badung Regency. Transparency is a key pillar in realizing good governance, and in the digital era, digital governance is key to achieving this goal. Using a qualitative research method with a case study approach, this study aims to explore the perceptions, experiences, and challenges faced by stakeholders, including civil servants (ASN) and service users, regarding the implementation of digital governance and its impact on transparency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and analysis of policy documents and public service reports in Badung Regency. The results are expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the digital governance mechanisms that have been implemented, how these mechanisms facilitate information disclosure, and the non-technical barriers that may arise. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective digital governance policies and practices to promote transparency in public services, not only in Badung Regency but also as a model for other regions in Indonesia.

Criminal responsibility is constructed through the elements of homicide offences, the assessment of mens rea, accomplice liability, and sentencing rationality grounded in individual culpability. In judicial practice, however, cases involving the killing of women are frequently framed at the outset through the labels of “honour” or “intimate relationship,” leading honour killing and intimate partner femicide to be treated as interchangeable categories. This practice shifts the assessment of intent toward the perpetrator’s narrated motive and narrows accountability to the last physical actor. This research aims to formulate, first, legal criteria and evidentiary indicators for distinguishing the two categories through a staged judicial classification test, and second, to assess the implications of such classification for the construction of intent, the attribution of responsibility to non-executing actors, and sentencing rationality through disciplined reason-giving. The study employs a normative legal method with a conceptual approach, based on library research of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings demonstrate that the core deficiency lies in the absence of an operational classification device, allowing honour narratives to displace structured mens rea analysis and to obscure the causal contributions of non-executors. The article proposes working definitions and a stepwise indicator-based test—focusing on the presence of determinative social pressure or sanctioning, provable role allocation within perpetrator networks, and prior threats framed in terms of honour restoration—and links these indicators to concrete doctrinal consequences for intent, accomplice liability, and sentencing. Through this framework, judicial reasoning is redirected from label-driven interpretation toward accountability, while restraining the use of honour as a mitigating rationale and preventing femicide patterns from being concealed by reputational narratives.

Cooperatives, as the backbone of the people's economy, play a strategic role in improving the welfare of their members, particularly through the management of business profits. This role becomes even more complex when cooperatives receive government assistance sourced from state finances, as its management concerns not only the internal interests of the cooperative, but also the public interest. In practice, the extensive authority of cooperative administrators is often not balanced with strict restrictions and effective oversight mechanisms, thereby creating the potential for abuse of authority and weak accountability. The purpose of this study is to determine whether legal regulations can limit the authority of administrators so that they do not abuse government assistance and to determine whether existing regulations provide adequate oversight mechanisms. The research method used was normative juridical with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that normatively, the authority of cooperative administrators has been limited through the principle of delegation from member meetings and accountability obligations, and reinforced by the state financial legal regime through government assistance. In addition, the supervisory mechanism has been regulated in layers through internal and external supervision, although in practice it still has the potential to be formalistic. The implication of this study is the importance of strengthening the implementation of authority restrictions and effective supervisory mechanisms in order to realize accountable, transparent, and sustainable cooperative governance, while maintaining public trust in government assistance programs.

Guidance and Counseling (G&C) is an essential component of the education system that plays a significant role in supporting students’ optimal personal, social, academic, and career development. The development of Guidance and Counseling in Indonesia has progressed dynamically in response to changes in educational policies, societal demands, and students’ evolving needs. This article aims to examine the historical development of Guidance and Counseling services in Indonesia, from their initial implementation to their integration within the modern curriculum framework. The study employs a qualitative approach through a literature review, with data collected using documentation analysis of relevant books, policy documents, and academic publications. The findings indicate that Guidance and Counseling in Indonesia has experienced a significant paradigm shift, moving from a service model focused primarily on problem solving and remedial intervention toward a more comprehensive approach emphasizing development, prevention, and student empowerment. This transformation has strengthened the strategic role of Guidance and Counseling in supporting national education objectives, promoting student well-being, and fostering holistic development in line with contemporary educational goals.

The State Logistics Agency (Bulog) plays a strategic role in maintaining national food security by stabilizing the prices and availability of staple food commodities. Amidst increasingly fierce market competition and changing consumer behavior, the Maumere branch of Bulog faces challenges in increasing commercial commodity sales without neglecting its public function. This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by Bulog Maumere to increase food commodity sales, as well as identify obstacles and improvement efforts. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation, the findings indicate that Bulog Maumere's marketing strategy integrates the 4Ps of the marketing mix—product, price, place, and promotion—through expanded distribution channels (RPK, traditional markets, government agencies), market operations (SPHP, the Affordable Food Movement), and collaboration with local partners. This strategy is effective in increasing sales volume and accelerating stock turnover, although it remains hampered by reliance on government assignments, lengthy bureaucratic procedures, and distribution delays. Key recommendations include strengthening commercial sales, optimizing digital marketing, and improving operational efficiency. The results of this study provide a practical contribution to the development of marketing strategies for public food institutions in the archipelago.

Savings and Loan Cooperatives (KSP) play a strategic role as microfinance institutions that promote members' financial welfare through savings and loan services based on trust and togetherness. This study aims to analyze profitability as the basis for financial performance assessment of KSP Credit Union Bahtera Sejahtera Kewapante during the 2023–2025 period. The analysis focuses on three main profitability ratios—Return on Equity (ROE), Profit Margin (PM), and Assets Turnover (AT)—along with interpretation of performance trends, causal factors of fluctuations, and their implications for the cooperative's operational sustainability. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach with data collection techniques through direct observation, documentation of financial statements for the last three years, and financial ratio analysis. Results indicate a significant decline in profitability performance: ROE decreased from 2.01% (2023) to -0.91% (2024) and slightly improved to -0.25% (2025); Profit Margin fell from 13.81% to -7.75% and -2.24%; while Assets Turnover showed a downward trend from 0.049 times to 0.039 times in 2025. All ratios remain far below ideal standards (ROE ≥10%, PM ≥20%, AT ≥1 time), indicating inefficiency in capital management, insufficient income to cover operational expenses, and low asset productivity. These conditions are caused by declining business income, rising operational costs, and weakening member economic activity. The findings confirm the critical need for optimizing productive loan disbursement, enhancing operational cost efficiency, and increasing active member participation as essential strategies to restore profitability and ensure the long-term sustainability of the cooperative.

This study aims to describe the application of role-playing techniques in group guidance to improve self-confidence in adolescents at Rantepao Christian High School. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with eight eleventh-grade students with low self-confidence, identified through initial observations and interviews. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation during eight group guidance sessions, and documentation such as student reflection journals. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that role-playing techniques were effective in improving students' self-confidence, as evidenced by increased active participation, group speaking skills, and positive self-expression post-intervention. Students were initially hesitant and shy, but after role-playing in social scenarios such as presentations and peer interactions, they showed significant behavioral changes. Supporting factors included a supportive group atmosphere and positive feedback from counselors and peers. This study contributes to guidance and counseling practices in Christian schools, emphasizing the importance of experiential methods such as role-playing for adolescents in the North Toraja community. Practical implications are recommended for guidance and counseling teachers to integrate this technique into student self-development programs.

This study is a case study that analyzes the handling of sexual violence in Cianjur Regency, examining the relationship between social morality, the role of law enforcement officials, and the effectiveness of criminal law policy after the enactment of Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes (TPKS Law). This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with an empirical juridical method through a sociological approach to law. Data was obtained through interviews with law enforcement officials, field observations, and a literature review of relevant legislation and scientific literature. The results of the study show that the handling of sexual violence cases in Cianjur Regency still faces obstacles in the form of weak social morality, strong stigma against victims, and a patriarchal culture that affects reporting and law enforcement processes. In addition, the role of law enforcement officials has not been optimal due to limited capacity, coordination between institutions, and a lack of sensitivity to the victims' perspective. This study recommends strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officials through training on gender perspectives and the implementation of the TPKS Law, continuous education on social morality at the community level, and strengthening inter-agency coordination to improve victim protection and the effectiveness of criminal law policy in Cianjur Regency.

Male infertility represents a major global health concern, with oxidative stress playing a central role in the deterioration of sperm quality. In recent years, growing attention has been directed toward herbal medicine as a potential alternative or complementary therapy due to its antioxidant and multi-target properties. However, a comprehensive long-term overview of the global research landscape in this field remains limited. A bibliometric and visualized analysis was conducted using publications indexed in the Scopus database from 2005 to 2025. Eligible peer-reviewed articles were retrieved following PRISMA guidelines. Bibliometric indicators were analyzed using Biblioshiny (R-Bibliometrix) to assess publication trends, leading contributors, and thematic evolution, while VOSviewer was employed to visualize international collaboration networks, co-citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrence clusters. A total of 562 articles were included, revealing a strong upward trend in scientific output, particularly after 2016, with an annual growth rate of 15.78% and a peak in 2025. Iran, China, and Nigeria emerged as the most productive countries, while the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and several universities in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia were identified as leading institutions. Keyword analysis highlighted three dominant research fronts: semen quality assessment, testicular histopathology, and oxidative stress–related molecular mechanisms. The collaboration network indicated increasing global and South–South research synergy. The field of herbal medicine for male infertility has evolved into a mature and multidisciplinary research domain, increasingly grounded in mechanistic and experimental evidence. These findings provide a strategic overview of research hotspots and emerging trends, offering valuable guidance for future experimental and clinical investigations.

RS at Kemayoran continues to experience low conversion of antenatal care (ANC) patients to delivery services, with a conversion rate of 6.9% in 2024. The maternity ward Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) also remains below national standards. Preliminary assessments indicate dissatisfaction with the hospital’s healthscape, low mimetic desire reflected in limited recommendations, and suboptimal perceived value. This study examines the effects of healthscape and mimetic desire on childbirth location decisions, with perceived value tested as a mediating variable.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Data were collected from 210 ANC patients at RSUD Kemayoran through structured questionnaires. Variables included healthscape, mimetic desire, perceived value, and delivery location decision. All instruments met validity and reliability criteria.Results: Healthscape and mimetic desire significantly influenced the decision to choose RSUD Kemayoran for childbirth. Healthscape did not significantly affect perceived value, whereas mimetic desire showed a significant effect. Perceived value had a significant direct effect on delivery decisions but did not mediate the relationships between healthscape or mimetic desire and delivery choice. Healthscape emerged as the most influential determinant.Conclusion: Physical healthcare environments play a critical role in childbirth location decisions. Improving healthscape quality and strengthening professional and social recommendations may enhance ANC-to-delivery conversion rates in public hospitals.

Indonesian language education plays a strategic role in strengthening national identity and preserving cultural values amid the pressures of globalization. In the global era, the dominance of foreign languages, digital media, and transnational cultures poses challenges to the existence of national languages and local cultural identities. This study aims to analyze the role of Indonesian language education as an instrument for reinforcing national identity and cultural awareness in formal educational settings. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, examining scientific journals, policy documents, and relevant educational studies published within the last five years. Data were analyzed through content analysis to identify patterns, themes, and conceptual relationships related to language education and cultural identity. The findings reveal that Indonesian language education not only functions as a medium of communication but also serves as a vehicle for transmitting national values, cultural narratives, and collective identity. Learning materials that integrate local wisdom, literature, and cultural texts significantly contribute to students’ cultural awareness and national character development. Furthermore, Indonesian language education plays an important role in fostering critical literacy, cultural resilience, and a sense of belonging among learners in a globalized context. The study implies that strengthening Indonesian language education through curriculum development, contextual learning, and teacher competence enhancement is essential to sustaining national identity and cultural continuity in the era of globalization.

The success of this program is highly influenced by the quality of regional planning coordinated by the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency. This research aimed to identify and analyze the role of the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency in planning the handling of uninhabitable houses, understand the stages of the planning process, and determine the factors that influence its effectiveness. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study during the internship period in the Infrastructure and Regional Development Division. The results showed that the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency has carried out its functions as a facilitator, verifier, and evaluator by integrating the uninhabitable houses program into the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan, the Regional Government Work Plan, and the Strategic Plans of regional agencies. However, several obstacles were still encountered, including limited budget allocation, delays and inaccuracies in data, inadequate human resource capacity, and suboptimal coordination among stakeholders. Therefore, it was necessary to improve institutional capacity, strengthen information systems, and enhance cross-sectoral synergy so that the planning for handling uninhabitable houses can be implemented more effectively, accurately targeted, and sustainably.

Migrant workers are vulnerable to exploitation due to transnational and well-organized global human trafficking networks. Recently, a new modus operandi has emerged in human trafficking cases, namely recruitment under the pretext of employment in the overseas digital industry, promoted through social media and LinkedIn. Although these offers appear promising, they instead entrap migrant workers in trafficking schemes. Therefore, comprehensive case assistance involving the roles of government institutions and non-governmental organizations is urgently needed to protect victims. This study aims to examine the case assistance provided by Migrant CARE in addressing human trafficking cases in which victims are trapped as online scammers, viewed from a social welfare perspective. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the social interventions carried out by Migrant CARE are effective from the engagement stage through the follow-up stage. Supporting factors in the success of case assistance include proactive involvement from the government, victims, families, and the media. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include the absence of personal documents such as passports, identity cards, and family cards, confiscation of mobile phones, and cross-national conflicts. From the individual perspective, supporting factors consist of personal resilience, courage, motivation, and skills, whereas inhibiting factors include victims’ hesitation to leave human trafficking situations due to fear of the risks involved.