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Earnings information is often the target of management engineering to maximize its satisfaction because there are parties who pay attention to profits so that it encourages management to take action in managing earnings or earnings management. One of the earnings management actions that are often carried out by several companies to beautify their financial statements is income smoothing. This study aims to analyze the effect of return on assets, debt to equity ratio, bonus plan and income tax on income smoothing. The analytical method used in this research is logistic regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that return on assets has a positive and significant effect on income smoothing, the debt to equity ratio and bonus plan have a negative and significant effect on income smoothing, while income tax has no significant effect on income smoothing.    Keywords: income smoothing; return on assets; debt to equity ratio; bonus plan; income tax

This case study discusses the effect of Environmental Disclosure (EVN), Social Disclosure (CSR), Governance Disclosure (CG) and Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) disclosure on company performance, using control variables including asset turnover and asset growth. The variables that will be used in this study are the dependent variable (Return on Assets), independent variables (ESG disclosure, EVN disclosure, CSR disclosure, and Corporate Govenance Disclosure), and control variables (asset turnover and asset growth). The population in this sample will use manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a range of 2016-2020. Samples will be taken by purposive sampling method. Based on purposive sampling, it was found that there were 25 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX (2016-2020) that had complete data. The data analysis method used in this research is multiple regression analysis. In addition, this research also uses statistical techniques to test the hypothesys proposed in this study, namely panel data using SPSS. This study found that overall ESG Disclosure has a significant positive effect on company performance and CSR Disclosure has a significant negative effect on company performance.

Financial statements are very important for investors for making investment decisions. Financial ratios are very useful for predicting the stock price in an enterprise in the future. This is because financial ratios can be used as guidelines for investors regarding the past and future performance. The research data used is secondary data taken from the annual report on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2018-2020. The population of this research is manufacture companies. Based on the purposive sampling method, the researches obtained 438 samples from 146 companies for 3 years, namely 2018-2020. This study uses panel data analysis techniques and SPPS. The results obtained show that the liquidity variable is a factor that influences the dependent variable in this study. Liquidity has a significant positive effect. And Leverage has a significant negative effect. Meanwhile, the factors that do not affect stock return are profitability and activity variables.

Fundamental perusahaan merupakan keadaan internal perusahaan atau keadaan kinerja keuangan yang sangat penting dalam suatu perusahaan. Nilai perusahaan merupakan suatu pemahaman bagi investor untuk melihat seberapa berhasilnya perusahaan dalam kinerja keuangannya. Pada penelitian ini ingin membuktikan bagaimana pengaruh faktor fundamental perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaannya. Faktor fundamental sendiri menggunakan rasio Debt to Equity Ratio (DPR), Return On Asset (ROA) dan Dividen Payout Ratio (DPR) dan untuk analisis nilai perusahaan menggunakan rasio Tobin’s Q. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan perusahaan perbankan BUMN pada periode tamatan 2017 – 2021 dan didapatkan sebanyak 20 sampel. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis regresi berganda dengan menggunakan alat analisis SPSS. Hasil pada penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa secara bersama-sama atau simultan variabel DER, ROA dan DPR berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kemudian, secara individu atau parsial dihasilkan bawa variabel DER berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, variabel ROA dan DPR tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh perputaran piutang terhadap return on equity (ROE) pada CV. Parulian Sojuangon Panggabean Group Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian dalam deskriptif kuantitatif untuk membahas permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh keuangan perusahaan. analisis data dijelaskan penggunaan hasil beberapa analisis sub-data yang linear mengenai perputaran piutang (rasio lancer) terhadap return on equity (ROE) (Y). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif antara perputaran piutang dan return on equity pada CV. Parulian sojuangon panggabean Group Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah sebesar 0,322, sehimgga apabila diimterpretasikan dalam skala nilai dapat dikategorikan rendah. Persamaan regresi yang diperoleh Y= 0,143 + 0,134X  yang menunjukkan pengaruh perputaran piutang terhadap return on equity pada cv. Parulian sojuangon panggabean Group Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Uji t menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan ditolak (tidak signifikan) kebenarannya, dimana t hitung 0,590>2,07387, yang berarti return on equity belum tentu bertanbah sebesar koefisien regresi/slop (0,319) apabila variable perputaran piutang ditambah dengan satu satuan. Sementara koefisien determinasi  diketahui bahwa perputaran piutang hanya berperan sebesar 10,4 % terhadap return on equity pada CV.parulian Sojuangon Panggabean Group Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah dan sisanya sebesar 89,6% dipengaruhi factor lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model.    

This study aims to measure the effect of the variables Return On Asset (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) on the Stock Price of Persero Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2017-2021. The number of samples consists of 4 banks obtained using the total sampling technique. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Quarterly Financial Statements published on the official website of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, and PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk during of the period 2017-2021. The data analysis model used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25.00 software. In contrast, hypothesis testing uses data analysis techniques, namely the coefficient of determination (Adjusted R2), F test and t-test. Based on the results of the coefficient of determination test (Adjusted R2), it shows that Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) contribute an influence of 0.36 or 36% to the stock price. In comparison, 0.64 or 64% is explained by other variables outside the research model. F-test results show that Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) simultaneously have a significant effect on stock prices. Based on the results of the t-test shows that the variables Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) partially have a significant effect on the Share Price at Persero Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the period 2017-2021.

This research aims to examine the influence of profitability, institutional ownership, and dividend policy on debt policy on companies from automotive sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research period used is 7 years which is the period 2015-2021. The research population includes all automotive sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2015-2021. Sampling techniques use purposive sampling techniques. Based on the established criteria obtained 6 samples of companies from automotive sub-sector manufacturing companies. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The method of analysis used is the regression analysis of the data panel. The result showed the Return On Asset has a significant positive effect on debt policy. Institutional ownership that has no effect on the debt policy. The dividend policy has no effect on the debt policy. Firm size has no effect on the debt policy.  Return On Asset, Institutional ownership, and Dividend policis Jointly affect Debt policy.     

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Return On Equity (ROE), Free Cash Flow (FCF), dan Current Ratio (CR) terhadap Harga Saham pada perusahaan sektor teknologi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2019 - 2021. Jenis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor teknologi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019 - 2021 yaitu 27 perusahaan perbankan. Model analisis data yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh variabel-variabel fundamental terhadap harga saham adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Return On Equity tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, variabel Free Cash Flow tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, Current Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, dan Return On Equity, Free Cash Flow dan Current Ratio secara bersama-sama tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham perusahaan di sektor teknologi yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia periode 2019-2021.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan PT Semen Tonasa periode 2016 sampai dengan 2020 dengan menggunakan metode Du Pont. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu laporan keuangan PT Semen Tonasa periode 2016-2020. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian yaitu laporan posisi keuangan dan laporan laba rugi PT Semen Tonasa tahun 2016-2020. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi dimana jenis datanya yaitu kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis Du Pont yang terdiri dari Return On Investment (ROI) yang mencakup rasio Net Profit Margin (NPM) dan Total Assets Turnover (TATO), serta Return On Equity (ROE) yang mencakup Return On Investment (ROI) dan Equity Multiplier.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kinerja PT Semen Tonasa untuk periode 2016-2020 yang dinilai menggunakan standar rata-rata industri semen menunjukkan kinerja yang belum optimal pada tahun 2016 dan 2017, dan optimal pada tahun 2018-2020 yang dilihat dari nilai Return On Investment (ROI) dan nilai Return On Equity (ROE). Kinerja keuangan yang belum optimal yang dilihat dari nilai Return On Investment (ROI) ini disebabkan karena perusahaan kurang mampu dalam meminimalisir biaya beban usaha yang ada sehingga laba bersih yang diperoleh perusahaan masih rendah. Sedangkan dari sisi Return On Equity (ROE) disebabkan oleh hasil (return) atas jumlah aktiva yang digunakan dan kemampuan perusahaan dalam mendayagunakan ekuitas pemegang saham belum optimal. Kinerja keuangan yang telah optimal pada tahun 2018-2020 dari sisi Return On Investment (ROI) disebabkan oleh perusahaan telah mampu meminimalisir beban usaha yang ada sehingga perusahaan dapat memperoleh laba bersih yang tinggi. Sedangkan dari sisi Return On Equity (ROE) disebabkan oleh tingginya laba bersih yang diperoleh perusahaan akibat mampunya perusahaan dalam meminimalisir beban usaha yang digunakan dan perusahaan telah mampu meningkatkan ekuitas atau modal sendirinya untuk membiayai aset.      

To be successful in the financial world, you must know how the public disclosure of business information affects stock prices. Specifically for Pakistan, this research will help us better understand the relationship between corporate governance, disclosure quality, and equity cost The Sys-GMM model has been employed by 167 non-financial enterprises listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange since 2017. (PSX). Research shows it was in use between 2018 and 2020. The Sys-GMM technique for estimating may be used to account for endogeneity in corporate governance problems. We discovered that GMM projections failed to account for endogeneity, resulting in inaccurate conclusions, using pooled OLS and fixed-effect estimates. According to the research, the cost of equality and financial transparency are mutually incompatible. All of these factors contribute to the PSE's stock price decline, including board size, concentrated ownership, and CEO duality. The research es-tablishes a relationship between independent audit committees and high-quality audits and reduced equity expenses. Independent directors and competent auditors command a premium on the PSX. The duration of the approval process for financial statements has no bearing on the board's independence. Due to the scarcity of information disclosed in annual reports, investors anticipate a higher rate of return. The conclu-sions of the research may be beneficial to Pakistan's corporate govern-ance authorities and investors.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of financial performance between conventional commercial banks and sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. This research is a type of descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The population taken in this study are commercial banks registered with the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Sampling in this study was conducted using purposive sampling technique so that a sample of 11 conventional commercial banks and 9 sharia commercial banks was obtained. The data used is secondary data obtained from the published annual reports of each commercial bank registered with the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) during the 2016-2020 period. The data in this study consists of financial ratios Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin/Net Operating Margin (NIM/NOM), Operating Costs to Operating Income (BOPO), and Non-Performing Loans/Non-Performing Financing (NPL/NPF). In this study, data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistical analysis and the two-sample independent test of non-parametric statistics, namely the Mann Whitney test. After analyzing the data, the results show that there are differences in the financial performance of conventional commercial banks and sharia commercial banks as measured by the ratio of ROA, ROE, NIM/NOM, BOPO and NPL/NPF. In general, the financial performance of conventional commercial banks is better than that of Islamic commercial banks.  

Feasibility study is the tool that is able to be consideration materials in making the decisions to receive or reject the investment proposed in developing or establishing the project/business planning. The research about analysis of business feasibility, instead of to know whether it is feasible or not of the value of investment criteria, it is also to know the amount of investment funds that needed, the existing market share, and any constraints that will be possible to occurs in the process of establishing that type of business. As for the objectives that will be obtained from this research is to conduct the analysis of business feasibility as viewed from several aspects, that are financial aspect, and social aspect.

The activities of the Cahaya Phinisi Nusantara PT Bank Sulselbar cooperative can be measured based on the cooperative's financial performance. The good and bad financial performance of a cooperative can be assessed through financial reports in the form of a balance sheet or cooperative profit and loss report which is presented regularly. The aim of this research is to obtain an in-depth overview of Liquidity Ratio Analysis and Profitability Ratios in measuring financial performance in cooperatives. The research approach used is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The descriptive method is a method used to collect, classify, analyze and interpret data related to the problem and compare it with the actual situation at the Cahaya Phinisi Nusantara Cooperative PT Bank Sulselbar and then draw conclusions. Analysis of Profitability Ratios at the Cahaya Phinisi Nusantara Cooperative PT. Bank Sulselbar in terms of the average value of Return On Assets (ROA) of four point forty three percent (4.43%) and Return On Equity (ROE) of five point eighty six percent ( 5.86%) where the value of the benchmark and determining the cooperative health predicate is five percent (5%) which indicates that it is not good at optimizing its own capital and investment in generating net profits.

Pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas dan likuiditas terhadap initial return sangat penting untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Dengan mengetahui pengaruh tersebut pihak perusahaan sektor consumer goods bisa lebih mengoptimalkan tingkat profitabilitas, solvabilitas dan likuiditas diwaktu yang akan datang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel yang diambil adalah sesuai dengan kriteria-kriteria yang sudah ditentukan oleh peneliti. Peneliti ini dilakukan dalam waktu 5 tahun dari tahun 2017-2021 pada perusahaan sektor consumer goods yang melakukan IPO. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas, mempunyai pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan, solvabilitas mempunyai pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan dan likuiditas berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan. Secara Bersama-sama variabel independent tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen, hal itu dibuktikan nilai R2 sebesar 0.046 atau sebesar 4,6%.

Incremental rotary encoder is a sensor that can be used to measure the degree of rotation in ship steering simulations. To create a ship steering simulation, Visual Basic software was used to simulate the movement of the rudder and ship. Meanwhile, to obtain incremental rotary encoder reading data, serial communication is used via Universal Serial Bus (USB) media bridged by Arduino which is programmed to convert incremental sensor signals into ASCII signals with a bolt rate of 9600 bps. The aim of this research is to test the accuracy level of the incremental rotary encoder sensor in ship steering simulations using Visual Basic software on commercial ships by using the Solas rule that a ship's rudder must comply when rotated from the midship position to the 35 degree port side position followed by the 35 degree position. starboard side and returning to midship, the rudder movement time was less than 28 seconds. Test results in terms of response speed of the incremental rotary encoder sensor are very good, while in terms of accuracy level for one degree of steering rotation, the result is 4.571 on the Arduino IDE serial monitor reading..

This study discusses the effect of Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Price Earning Ratio (PER) and Times Interest Earned Ratio (TIE) to Stock Return with Company Size and Financial Distrsess as a moderating variable . This research uses the object of Retail sub-sector companies in Southeast Asia for the period 2012-2020. The data collected is secondary data with the documentation method in the form of the company's annual report. The sampling method used in this study using purposive sampling technique and obtained 15 companies with a sample of 135 samples. The analysis technique used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), analysis, multiple linear regression, partial test and simultaneous test. The results of the study partially concluded that Total Asset Turnover has no effect on Stock Return, Price Earning Ratio significant effect on Stock Return, and Times Interest Earned Ratio significant effect on Stock Return . The results of the study simultaneously showed that the F-count value was 3.649 and the F-table was 2.70, meaning that the F-count > F-table or a significant value of 0.015 <0.05. So, Total Asset Turnover, Price Earning Ratio and Times Interest Earned Ratio together (simultaneously) have a significant effect on stock return. The results of the study by Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) concluded that Company Size and Financial Distrsess does not moderate Total Asset Turnover on Stock Return, Company Size and Financial Distrsess does not moderate Price Earning Ratio to Stock Return, and Company Size and Financial Distrsess does not moderate Times Interest Earned Ratio to Stock Return .    

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh current ratio, debt equity ratio, return on equity terhadap harga saham. Jenis penelitian ini adalah  metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling, sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 8 perusahaan dengan menggunakan laporan tahunan 2016-2020 sehingga, data penelitian ini berjumlah 40. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) current ratio berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020; (2) debt equity ratio berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020; (3) return on equity berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020; dan (4) current ratio, debt equity ratio, return on equity secara simultan bepengaruh dan signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan farmasi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020.

This study aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets, Loan to Deposit Ratio, and Capital Adequacy Ratio on stock prices. In this study using stock prices as the dependent variable, and with three types of independent variables, namely Return on assets, Loan to Deposit Ratio, and Capital Adequacy. The population in this study are all conventional banking sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, and as many as 24 companies were selected as samples. This research model uses a causal design and multiple linear regression analysis with secondary data types. The program used in this study uses the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) 25 software in processing data. From these results it can be concluded that Return on Assets, Loan to Deposit Ratio, and Capital Adequacy simultaneously affect stock prices. Partially, Return on Assets (ROA) has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) has a significant and negative effect on stock prices, and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has no effect on stock prices. Further researcher are expected to consider other variable related to stock prices or other sector and update research period for future period.

The capital market is an investment vehicle for those who have excess funds. People invest in the capital market with the aim of earning income or return on investment. Investment can be defined as an activity of placing funds in one or more assets during a certain period in the hope of obtaining income and or increasing the value of the investment. The main purpose of the company to invest is the rate of return. The main purpose of investors investing their funds in securities is, among others, to get the maximum rate of return through policies, for example, dividends at a certain risk will get certain results with minimal risk. From the results of the research, it is found that there is a negative influence of Ownership Structure, a positive influence of Dispersion of Ownership, and a negative influence of Capital Structure on the Dividend Policy of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2007-2011.

The company's performance can be seen from the profitability and sustainability in maintaining its business, especially retail companies. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of factors that affect the performance of retail companies, such as DER, NPM and TATO. The population of this research is 25 companies and the research sample is 8 companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).The research method uses Normality Test, t test, Anova test, Coefficient of Determinants, Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS software version 22. The results of the research Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) have a significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA), while the Debt Equity Ratio (DER) has no significant effect. However, simultaneously the three independent variables (DER, NPM and TATO) have a significant effect on Return on Assets with the equation Y = -0.015 - 0.001X1 + 1.549X2 + 0.011X3.