Publication Search

Civil law is a branch of law that regulates relations between individuals or legal entities in terms of their personal interests. In civil law, a contract is considered a legal agreement between two or more parties who give each other promises to do or not do something. This research uses normative methods with qualitative research methods which use primary legal material sources, such as laws and the Criminal Code as well as secondary materials, such as books and journals. Contract law is an agreement between two or more people which creates an/an obligation to do or not do a specific thing. There are elements that are considered valid and binding. This includes the existence of an agreement from two or more parties, the desire or aim of the parties for legal consequences to arise, the legal consequences of the agreement only bind the parties and do not bind third parties, and certain agreements must be made in accordance with the law. There are legal principles in contract law, including freedom of contract, consensualism, and pacta sunt servanda. The conclusion is that contract law contains elements that are considered valid and principles in making agreements as well as the influence of written evidence in making a contract which provides legal certainty and as proof of the agreement. There are two main doctrine in contract law, classical and contemporary doctrine. The classical doctrin emphasize the legal certainty to be the core of legal issue in contract law. The doctrine noted that every single purpose of parties should be stated in contract in order to put binding eJect to the parties. It also distinguish the concept of breach of contract and tort. The petition for breach of contract should be based on the concept of breach of contract instead tort. In reverse, the contemporary doctrine emphasize the justice and appropriateness aspect in a contract. It recognized the contract as the whole process held by pre-contractual phase, contractual phase, and post- contractual phase. Hence, it realize the existence of impact toward promises stated by one party to others which is distinctly diJerent to the classical doctrine that neglect the impact of pre- contractual. The contemporary doctrine eliminates the distinguishing of breach of contract and tort as the basic of the sue because breach of contract was the specific genus of tort.

Indonesia is a country rich in cultural diversity, ethnicities, and traditions, which are essential aspects of its national identity. The traditions and natural beauty of Indonesia have become a significant part of shaping the norms and values of its people. Fine arts, particularly painting, serve as an effective medium for representing this cultural richness. Story of Love by Abdullah Ibnu Thalhah uses wayang symbols, an Indonesian cultural heritage, blended with global pop culture characters like Patrick from SpongeBob SquarePants. Through a semiotic approach, this study aims to explore the meanings within Story of Love, showcasing the interaction between local culture and elements of pop culture. This painting not only reflects Indonesia's cultural identity but also demonstrates how fine art can respond and adapt to modern influences, reinforcing multiculturalism amid global developments.

This research is a normative research, so this data is carried out by conducting a literature study on the verdict. Data sources are obtained from primary legal materials, namely: laws and regulations and court decisions, secondary obtained from literature and literature studies, tertiary legal materials obtained from the internet, dictionaries, and encyclopedias. The results of the research obtained from analyzing the verdict show that (1). The basis for the judge's consideration in imposing criminal sanctions against distributors of pharmaceutical preparations without expertise and authority by looking at the Judge's Juridical Considerations and Non-Juridical Considerations of the judge is appropriate and uses an Article that meets the elements of the perpetrator's violation in accordance with the Health Law, but the imposition of criminal sanctions is very light and far from the provisions of the Article. (2). The suitability of the imposition of criminal sanctions in Decision Number 150/Pi.Sus/2021/PN Kupang with the Health Law given by the Judge to the defendant is so light that it cannot guarantee that the defendant will feel frustrated and will not repeat his actions again. This makes the sense of justice, usefulness and legal certainty not fulfilled properly. The author's suggestion that the criminal sanctions imposed by the Panel of Judges against the defendant should not only consider the behavior and actions of the defendant but also look at the consequences of the defendant's actions that can have a bad impact on the health of consumers/patients who take the hard drug.

This consider explores the exchange between citizenship and the flow of political and Islamic law in Indonesia, the world’s  biggest Muslim-majority nation with a complex legitimate framework. The essential center of this inquire about is to get it how Islamic values are coordinates into open approach and the national lawful system, and their affect on administrative forms and national identity.Employing a mixed-methods approach, this consider utilizes subjective examination through in-depth interviews with legitimate specialists and policymakers, as well as quantitative examination of later approach information and enactment. Furthermore, the investigate compares the flow in Indonesia with encounters from other nations with blended lawful frameworks, such as Malaysia and Turkey, and investigates the challenges confronted in adjusting Islamic law with human rights.The key discoveries uncover that the integration of Islamic law inside Indonesia's national lawful framework presents both challenges and openings, especially within the domain of social arrangement usage and person rights security.  Moreover, the impact of Islamic legislative issues on the authoritative prepare contributes to the arrangement of approaches that reflect devout values. This investigate highlights the require for a adjust between devout standards and human rights, and its suggestions for national character and pluralism in Indonesia.The ponder gives important bits of knowledge for policymakers, scholastics, and lawful professionals in understanding the complex elements between Islamic law and open approach in a multicultural nation. It is expected that this investigate will contribute essentially to endeavors in legitimate change and the advancement of more comprehensive and evenhanded arrangements in Indonesia.

Islamic criminal law significantly contributes to shaping a civilized citizenry through the enforcement of principles of justice, responsibility, and respect for human rights. This article aims to analyze how Islamic criminal law, with a maqasid al-shariah approach, provides a moral and ethical foundation for developing individual character as part of a civic community. The study identifies the core elements of Islamic criminal law, such as the concepts of hudud, qisas, and ta'zir, and examines their implementation in the context of a modern pluralistic state. Using a normative-juridical method and a comparative approach, this article explores the harmonization of Islamic criminal law with the positive legal system in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Islamic criminal law not only seeks to uphold legal justice but also aims to build a society rooted in ethical and civilized values. Integrating these values into national legal policies has the potential to strengthen a civic identity that is religious, just, and civilized, while respecting societal diversity. This article recommends enhancing Islamic legal education as a strategic effort to create synergy between Islamic criminal law and the development of exemplary citizens.

Science plays a crucial role in human life as it helps us understand the universe through observation, experimentation, and analysis. In education, science not only teaches scientific concepts but also fosters scientific attitudes and critical thinking skills in students. To make science education more meaningful, interactive, and relevant, a deep understanding of the Nature of Science (NOS) is essential. This study aims to explore the understanding, benefits, and application of scientific concepts in the teaching and learning process to shape students' scientific attitudes. Using a literature review method, this research gathers information from various relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that science encompasses elements of philosophy, sociology, history, and psychology that support scientific understanding. By understanding NOS, students will view science as a process of knowledge discovery, rather than merely a collection of facts. The application of science in education also impacts students' ability to apply knowledge in practical contexts, enhance their analytical skills, and adapt to societal changes.

Immigration is related to the traffic of people entering or leaving Indonesian territory and its supervision to maintain state sovereignty. Immigration functions include providing immigration services, law enforcement, and maintaining the security and comfort of the country, while contributing to the development of community welfare. With the increase in crimes involving fake identities or misuse of other people's identities, immigration must be stricter in checking travel documents used by Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals when entering and leaving Indonesian territory. Therefore, immigration introduced a new passport design and implemented the use of electronic passports. The research method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The research results show that changes in passport design can increase state sovereignty and security, because the new design is difficult to imitate. This can be seen from the materials used in making the new passports as well as the designs that highlight elements of Indonesian culture. Applying for an electronic passport does require higher costs than a regular passport, but offers advantages that conventional passports do not have, including a better level of security. Using an electronic passport also makes it easier for the holder to undergo immigration service administration because this passport uses a biometric system that only needs to be scanned.

This study examines the interpretation of verbal and visual signs in the cutscenes of the video game Elden Ring. Semiotics, the study of signs and their meanings, provides the framework for analyzing these cinematic elements. Video games often embed narrative clues within visual and verbal signs, but players frequently overlook them, particularly during cutscenes, which interrupts gameplay to deliver critical story content. This research focuses on the main boss cutscenes in Elden Ring, which integrate environmental storytelling and visual signs to convey the lore of The Lands Between. Utilizing Peirce’s theory of signs and Barthes’ theory of meaning, the study identifies and classifies visual signs—icons, indices, and symbols—within the cutscenes to interpret their narrative significance. The data is derived from eight main boss cutscenes recorded during gameplay and supplemented by external visual references. A qualitative approach was employed, encompassing data collection through documentation, detailed visual analysis, and descriptive presentation of findings. Results indicate that Elden Ring’s cutscenes are rich with embedded signs that enhance the storytelling experience, though their nuanced meanings often require active interpretation and community discussion. This research underscores the importance of cutscenes in contributing to the depth and immersion of the game’s narrative.

This study examines the forms and symbolic meanings of ornaments in contemporary mosques in Indonesia as a manifestation of the fusion between Islamic values, local traditions, and modernity. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive research method through comprehensive literature review, the study analyzes various ornaments in several contemporary mosques in Indonesia, such as the Azizi Mosque in Tanjung Pura, the Cheng Hoo Mosque in Surabaya, and the Al Osmani Mosque.  The findings reveal that the ornamentation in Indonesia's contemporary mosques exhibits rich diversity, including geometric, organic, calligraphic, and floral motifs, each with its own uniqueness and characteristics. From a symbolic perspective, these ornaments serve not only as aesthetic elements but also as mediums imbued with philosophical, spiritual, and social values, reflecting the harmony between tradition and modernity. This research highlights how the architecture of contemporary mosques in Indonesia has successfully developed a distinct identity through ornamentation that is not only visually appealing but also deeply meaningful and relevant to the present context. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of the development of mosque architecture in Indonesia and serve as a reference for designing future contemporary mosques. 

Curriculum is an essential component of the education system, as the two are closely interconnected. Analogously, the curriculum can be likened to the heart in the human body. When the heart functions well, the entire body system will operate optimally. Similarly, if the curriculum is effectively implemented and supported by well-functioning elements, the learning process will run smoothly, producing high-quality learners. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how educational technology contributes to the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This qualitative research uses a literature study, also known as a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), aimed at comparing current theories with those discussed in previous research literature. The literature sources referenced come from research findings and studies published in scientific articles, accessed through electronic literature search engines such as Mendeley and Google Scholar. The results of this study show that educational technology plays a crucial role in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum, as well as having a positive impact on the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar concept in practice. The continuously evolving Merdeka Curriculum helps facilitate the integration of the latest information technology for students.

Curriculum is an essential component of the education system, as the two are closely interconnected. Analogously, the curriculum can be likened to the heart in the human body. When the heart functions well, the entire body system will operate optimally. Similarly, if the curriculum is effectively implemented and supported by well-functioning elements, the learning process will run smoothly, producing high-quality learners. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how educational technology contributes to the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This qualitative research uses a literature study, also known as a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), aimed at comparing current theories with those discussed in previous research literature. The literature sources referenced come from research findings and studies published in scientific articles, accessed through electronic literature search engines such as Mendeley and Google Scholar. The results of this study show that educational technology plays a crucial role in supporting the Merdeka Curriculum, as well as having a positive impact on the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar concept in practice. The continuously evolving Merdeka Curriculum helps facilitate the integration of the latest information technology for students.

This research aims to analyze the business model canvas on traditional Indonesian pastry and beverage products, focusing on understanding the elements that make up an effective and sustainable business model. This research uses a qualitative approach by identifying nine key components in the Business Model Canvas, namely customer segmentation, value proposition, distribution channels, customer relationships, key resources, key activities, key partners, cost structure, and revenue streams. The main focus is on utilizing the uniqueness of traditional cake and beverage products that reflect the richness of Indonesian culture, as well as the challenges in maintaining competitiveness in the modern market. The results show that the value proposition of traditional Indonesian products, such as authentic flavors and natural ingredients, is the main attraction for consumers. However, distribution and marketing channels remain a challenge, given the lack of digital market penetration and understanding of technology-based marketing. In addition, the cost structure and revenue streams show potential for efficiency improvements through product innovation and strategic partnerships with small and medium-sized enterprises. This research provides important insights for culinary entrepreneurs to design more adaptive and sustainability-oriented business strategies in an increasingly competitive market.

This study aims to determine the application of the Education Management Information System (EMIS) in Islamic boarding schools that can be utilized in decision making in the Early Education and Islamic Boarding School Section of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Palangka Raya City. This research is a qualitative research, data collection techniques are done by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research consists of 4 components, namely the human resource component by measuring internal factors consisting of attitude, skills, and knowledge, where the three benchmarks are sufficiently fulfilled. External factors of human resources with the first indicator of work tools (tools) have not been maximized. Second, work support resources include adequate funds and supporting infrastructure, third, coworkers are quite good in implementation. The minimum hardware requirements are PC/laptop, router, printer, and electricity network. The hardware resource component is still found to be not fully supportive and adequate. The software resource component, in terms of processes and computer programs that support EMIS, is quite well implemented. Data resources in the application of EMIS are seen from 3 sub-indicators, namely data categories, timeliness of data collection, and rules in the data collection process where the three elements are quite well done by EMIS operators. Supporting factors that support the implementation of EMIS consist of first, the role of the leadership by coordinating the implementation of EMIS.    

This study aims to analyze the comparison between unlawful acts (PMH) in criminal law and civil law in Indonesia, focusing on the differences in definitions and the elements that constitute unlawful acts in both legal systems, as well as the implications of the application of PMH in each field of law. The research method used is normative juridical, with legislative and conceptual approaches to examine the provisions in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Civil Code (KUHPer). This study identifies fundamental differences in objectives, sanctions, and legal subjects involved, as well as their impact on individual and societal interests. The research findings show that although there are similarities in the basic principles regulating PMH, significant differences lie in the nature of the sanctions imposed, where criminal law emphasizes prevention and punishment, while civil law focuses on compensation and recovery of losses. This research provides insights into how these two legal systems complement each other in maintaining justice and order in Indonesia.

The lives of the Palestinian people who are in a state of war are indeed very worrying. The Indonesian Navy and other elements of society are trying to help provide donations in the form of food, clothing, drinks, medicines, and so on, which the Palestinian people need. Contributions are centralized in the Eastern Fleet. LPPM AAL participates in community service activities by informing, receiving, managing, and delivering donations to Palestine from individuals and organizations, then handing them over to the Eastern Fleet for further processing in delivery to Palestine. In the upcoming donation activity to Palestine, information will be disseminated to the wider community, so that more people will participate. Apart from that, it also provides opportunities for various forms of donations, which are needed by the Palestinian Community and are good items to use, so that these donations can help the Community optimally.  

This study examines the concepts and characteristics of Islamic architecture applied to pesantren buildings in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through comprehensive literature study, this research analyzes how Islamic architectural principles adapt and synergize with local architecture in the context of traditional to modern pesantren. The findings show that pesantren architecture in Indonesia is a unique manifestation of the fusion of Islamic values with local culture, reflected in seven key elements: the practice of Islam as a way of life, qibla orientation, the concept of hijab, interiors supporting Islamic values, Islamic decorative arts, Islamic values in protection, and the design of dormitories supporting the development of Islamic awareness. The evolution of pesantren architecture has led to various typologies, ranging from traditional to modern forms, each reflecting the adaptation of Islamic architectural principles to the needs of education and the progression of time. This study reveals that despite significant design evolution, pesantren continue to uphold the essence of fundamental Islamic architectural values in every aspect of their design. 

This community service activity aims to strengthen civil society organizations (CSOs) in the efforts to eliminate AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria (ATM), as well as to enhance disaster resilience in Serdang Bedagai Regency. Through a participatory approach, the program involves local communities in outreach, training, and the development of CSO networks focused on health issues and disaster mitigation. The activities began with an analysis of the community health situation and needs assessment, followed by education on the prevention of infectious diseases and disaster risk management. The results of the program implementation indicate an increase in community awareness regarding the importance of health and disaster preparedness, as well as the establishment of stronger collaboration among various community elements. By empowering CSOs, it is expected that a healthier and more resilient environment will be created, thereby reducing the impact of infectious diseases and natural disasters. This program not only provides direct benefits to the community but also builds sustainable local capacity to face future health and disaster challenges.

This study shows that team collaboration dynamics greatly affect work quality and goal achievement. These dynamics include various elements, including communication, coordination, interdependence, and trust among team members. The methodology of this study aims to provide detailed insights into team collaboration dynamics and work efficiency, with a focus on organizational success in achieving organizational goals. The interpersonal communication patterns of managers that were found and had a significant impact on Caffe Otsukohi team performance were democratic communication patterns and laissez-faire communication patterns. Supporting factors for interpersonal communication between managers and Caffe Otsukohi employees include transformational leadership, a positive work environment, effective communication channels, and shared goals.

Conflict is an inseparable part of human interaction and occurs at various levels of life, from individuals, groups, to society. This article discusses the sources, signs and factors that trigger conflict which are often interrelated in creating disputes. Conflicts can arise due to differences in interests, values, unequal distribution of resources, or imbalances of power. Signs of conflict generally appear through tension between individuals or groups, communication breakdowns, and the emergence of aggressive or resistive attitudes. Factors causing conflict are further understood as the result of structural and psychological elements such as misunderstanding, stereotypes, injustice and dissatisfaction. Understanding the sources, signs and causes of conflict provides valuable insight into efforts to manage and resolve conflict effectively, whether through dialogue, mediation or sustainable conflict transformation approaches.    

Oxygen breaks down chemicals in water into simpler parts. As a result of oxygen's ability to oxidize with pollutants, such as organic components, the pollutants are not harmful. Environmental pollution, also known as pollution, is when living things, energy substances, and/or other elements enter the environment, or when the environmental order is changed by human activities or by natural processes so that the quality of the environment decreases to a certain level that causes the environment to be less or unable to function according to its function (Basic Law on Environmental Management No. 4 of 1982). Environmental pollution events are called pollution. Pollutants are substances or materials that have the ability to pollute the environment. When a substance meets the requirements to be a pollutant, it is called a pollutant. For illustration, the level of carbon dioxide in the air of 0.033% is beneficial to plants, but higher levels can cause damage. When air quality exceeds the set standard quality values, namely emission and ambient air quality, it is called "polluted air". If the air quality worsens due to activities, but is still below the quality standard, then "Air is not polluted, only a decrease in air quality". The air quality standard limits the levels of CO2 and CO gases, as well as the boezem itself, which produces an unpleasant odor in the environment. This odor comes from the boezem itself, where there is a lot of garbage, perhaps most of it from the domestic waste of the surrounding residents. The health of AAL personnel is not affected by the presence of the Morokrembangan Boezem. The results of measurements carried out on November 8, 2019 at 08:55, with the AAL position at 7 ° 3'38.40 "E 112 ° 42'51.91, showed that there were several variables that exceeded the quality standard which would certainly have a negative impact on the environment, such as the content of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia which are still on the threshold.