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This research aims to analyze and examine the existence of the application of diversion in providing protection for children's rights. This research is normative juridical research, normative juridical is a statutory approach, because what will be studied are various rules of law that become the focus and central theme of a study. Legal analysis produced by a normative research using a statutory approach will produce more accurate research. Based on the results of the research obtained, the answer to the existing problem is that the application of diversion as a settlement of juvenile crimes is very important to protect children's rights and encourage restorative justice. Diversion not only avoids children from matters related to the formal legal process, but also provides an opportunity to improve social relations and restore the situation after a criminal offense. Despite challenges in its implementation, such as a lack of understanding among law enforcement and the community, successful diversion can improve children's welfare and achieve better justice goals. Therefore, further efforts are needed in socialization and education regarding diversion to ensure its effective implementation in the criminal justice system.

Agrarian disputes in Indonesia often face challenges in ensuring legal certainly, including the execution of Supreme Court Decision No. 109/PK/Pdt/2022 concerning the Dago Elos land dispute. This study aims to analyze the legal certainly of the execution involving the Muller family’s claim based on the colonial Eigendom Verponding system and the physical control of the land by local communities. Using a normative judicial approach and descriptive qualitative analysis, primary legal documents and legal literature were purposively selected as the main data sources. The study found significant barriers to execution due to local community resistance and conflicts between colonial and national agrarian systems. The main conclusion highlights challenges in implementing the principle of legal certainty, even though the old rights have been recognized. The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of the relationship between colonial and national regulations in agrarian disputes. This study recommends comprehensive agrarian law reform to prevent similar conflicts and strengthen public trust in the national legal system.

Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) is an important milestone in criminal law reform in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the innovations presented in the new Criminal Code and the challenges of its implementation. Therefore, based on the legal reform through the latest Criminal Code, it can be seen what the reforms in criminal law are according to Law Number : 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code, why Law Number: 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code needs to be reformed, and how the implementation will be in the future in the application of Law Number: 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code. This study uses a juridical-normative method with a statutory and conceptual approach, this study found that the new Criminal Code introduces the concept of restorative justice , recognition of customary law, and protection of vulnerable groups as a step towards modernization. However, its implementation faces challenges, such as the readiness of law enforcement officers, harmonization of customary and national law, and the potential for misuse of articles that are considered controversial. Nevertheless, the new Criminal Code has the prospect of strengthening Indonesia's criminal law system if supported by strict supervision, training of law enforcement officers, and involvement of various stakeholders. This reform is expected to create a legal system that is fairer, more responsive, and more relevant to the needs of society.  

The Industrial Revolution in the late 18th to 19th century in England and Europe marked the beginning of the widespread use of fossil fuels in manufacturing, mining, and agriculture. By 2015, global fossil fuel consumption had reached 93.7 million barrels per day, with an average increase of 1.9 million barrels per year, driven by the rapid growth of the transportation and oil industries. However, 20 of the world's largest fossil fuel-producing countries, including Germany, plan to increase production by up to 110% by 2030, exceeding the limit required to restrict global warming to 1.5°C. This production level is 69% higher than needed to keep global temperatures below 2°C. These conditions have triggered protests, including acts of vandalism by the activist group "Letzte Generation" in Germany, as a form of resistance against the massive use of fossil fuels.

In the era of globalization , digital communication media is developing with rapid make it easier everyone in respond and express opinion through Network online social . Change.org is one of the sites that can utilized Good individual and also group For submit A petition online against decision the perceived government not enough appropriate . Success on monitoring the decision government in Indonesia through this online petition including very good , but sadly Not yet There is regulation specifically that covers it . In line with problem said , the purpose writing article This is For analyze urgency making A Regulation legislation about Online Petitions and their preparation use perspective Good Legislation Making . Research law normative which prioritizes Conception Good Legislation Making become appropriate methodology with objective research that was initiated . For make it easier discussion , poured out formulation problem , the first How Urgency Formation Regulation Legislation About Online Petition , Second How Ideal Concept of Regulation Legislation About Perspective Online Petition Good Legislation Making. From results analysis found that in Indonesia indeed Not yet There is regulation special that becomes umbrella law online petitions as well draft idealist making legislation online petition using perspective Good Legislation Makang .

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of criminal law policies in Indonesia in addressing the dissemination of pornographic videos on social media. The spread of pornographic videos on social media has become a serious issue in Indonesia, affecting societal morality, particularly among the younger generation. This study aims to analyze the criminal law policies implemented in Indonesia to combat the distribution of pornographic videos through social media platforms. Social media refers to tools or platforms used for communication via networks. This research adopts a normative approach by analyzing relevant regulations, such as the Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law and criminal laws governing pornography. The findings indicate that while several regulations address the dissemination of pornographic content, the effective implementation of these laws remains limited. Challenges include a lack of legal awareness, difficulties in enforcing laws in the digital realm, and weak coordination among law enforcement agencies. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening policies, enhancing public education on the negative impacts of pornography dissemination, and improving the capacity of law enforcement officers to tackle cybercrimes.  

This study aims to find out the factors that cause breach of promise in carrying out the obligations listed in the consignment agreement between traditional cake producers and distributors in South Denpasar as well as to find out the legal consequences of consignment agreements between traditional cake producers and distributors in South Denpasar. This scientific work in giving discussion uses empirical research methods. The factors causing the default are late payment, an increase in cake raw materials, and negligence on the part of the consignee. As a result of the Consignment Agreement Law implemented by Traditional Cake Producers and Distributors in South Denpasar, there will be an imbalance between the rights and obligations that have been agreed orally by both parties. Even though in the cooperation between the producer and the distributor by making an oral consignment agreement, that the oral agreement is a valid agreement and does not contradict article 1230 of the Civil Code regarding the legal conditions of the agreement, when the oral consignment agreement is made without an agreement between the two parties, the parties are not of legal age, there is no object to be agreed upon and for some reason it is not the case, the agreement is contrary with Article 1230 of the Civil Code which can be revoked and null and void. 

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of changes in the tax base on Indonesia's economy. It begins by providing an overview of Indonesia's taxation system and recent changes in tax policy. The paper then discusses the effects of tax base changes on economic variables such as investment, government revenue, and economic growth. Using empirical data and economic models, this study assesses the short-term and long-term impacts of tax changes on key economic indicators. The findings indicate that while tax reforms can stimulate economic activity in the short term, their long-term effects depend on various factors such as tax structure, administrative efficiency, and economic conditions. The paper concludes with policy implications and recommendations for policymakers in Indonesia.

Employment law education plays an important role in equipping the younger generation, especially high school and vocational high school students, with an understanding of the rights and obligations as prospective workers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between students' understanding of employment law and employment rights and obligations. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through questionnaires from grade XI students at SMAN 3 Pasuruan, SMKN 1 Pasuruan, and SMK PGRI 2 Pasuruan. The validity results showed that all questionnaire items were valid (100%), while the reliability of the variables showed a Cronbach Alpha value of 0.606 for student understanding and 0.778 for labor rights and obligations. The simple linear regression model showed a significant positive relationship with the regression equation Y = −0.833 + 0.997XY = -0.833 + 0.997X and an R Square value of 0.600, which means that 60% of the variation is explained by the model. This study confirms that employment law education has a real impact on students' legal awareness, supporting their preparation to face the world of work with a better understanding

Despite laws prohibiting it, child labor is a significant problem in Indonesia. The root causes of child labor include poverty, lack of public awareness, and ineffective law enforcement. The purpose of this study was to measure the legal understanding of group XI students at SMAN 4 Pasuruan on the issue of child labor. Through a questionnaire given to students, a quantitative descriptive technique was used. The findings of the analysis showed the validity of each questionnaire item and the normal distribution of the remaining data. With a coefficient of determination of 0.554, the regression findings showed a substantial correlation between students' legal knowledge and the decline in child labor, although there was heteroscedasticity. Thus, increasing students' legal knowledge can help reduce the number of child laborers. According to this study, it is important to include legal materials related to child protection into the curriculum and conduct socialization activities to improve students' legal knowledge so that they can actively contribute to the prevention of child labor in the future.  

The sustainability of the agribusiness sector is very dependent on the certainty of land rights, which is the main asset for business actors in this sector. Land registration is an important instrument in providing legal certainty for land ownership, which can ultimately encourage stable and sustainable agribusiness development. This article discusses the role of land registration in protecting ownership rights for agribusiness actors in Indonesia and analyzes the role of government policies, such as the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL), in speeding up the land certification process. With legal certainty obtained through land certificates, agribusiness actors can avoid agrarian conflicts, gain access to financing, and run businesses more safely and in a planned manner. Apart from that, land registration policies also have the potential to support regional economic development, reduce agrarian conflicts, and encourage sustainable management of land resources. However, implementing this policy still faces challenges, including bureaucratic obstacles and low public understanding. Therefore, the government's role in improving policies and overcoming existing obstacles is very necessary to create an inclusive, competitive and sustainable agribusiness sector in Indonesia.