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Effective pronunciation requires more than comprehension. Considering the increasing significance of AI apps, it is imperative to conduct thorough study to evaluate students' opinions towards the ELSA (English Language Speech Assistant) Speak app in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) lessons, specifically in relation to improving pronunciation. Prior studies indicated that students had negative attitudes towards learning English as a foreign language (EFL) due to repetitive textual resources. This research recommends including the ELSA Speak application into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. This research investigates the utilization of the ELSA Speak application by 20 primary pupils at a B1 proficiency level, with the aim of enhancing their pronunciation skills. Observations and interviews are employed to examine cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components as well as issues related to the ELSA Speak app. The findings suggest that students possess a positive cognitive perspective and are capable of comprehending and incorporating oral pronunciations. The ELSA Speak application encourages the development of analytical thinking and precise articulation. This study highlights the imperative for dynamic language learning methodologies that include cutting-edge technology.

Freon is one of the refrigerants used in refrigeration systems. The refrigeration system has a very important role, namely to preserve food ingredients so that food can last longer. The use of freon is not only used in ships but is widely found in home appliances in refrigeration systems used in freezers, air conditioners, refrigerators, and dispensers. If more freon is used, the negative impact that arises is greater, namely the depletion of the ozone layer and global warming which can have a bad influence on health, the life of living things and the environment. The purpose of this researcher is to create a tool to reduce the negative impact of freon use, namely by using peltier as a cooling medium with environmentally friendly thermoelectric modules. This study uses trial and error methods. Where the trial process is carried out by turning on one of the working push buttons and observing the temperature value. Then it is processed by the control system, namely Arduino Mega which will later provide a PWM output signal to the IRF540 mosfet when the output temperature value is in line with the reference value and vice versa. The test of this tool was carried out by comparing measurements between the author's prototype tool and the standard measuring tool, namely the digital thermometer. Based on the test results, this device can produce a minimum temperature of 140C at 30-minute intervals without any media. The trial using 330ml bottled water can reach a temperature of 170C within 30 minutes in the cooler box. This tool is also equipped with an automatic monitoring system using a PWM signal in the form of a change in fan speed, which is 255 RPS maximum speed and when getting a PWM signal it changes to 50 RPS. The percentage of errors resulting from the comparison of standard measuring instruments and sensor values had the highest and lowest percentages of 2.37% and 0.84% in cold dispersion conditions without charge. Then the highest and lowest error percentages were 1.69% and 0.72% in the state of containing a load of 1 330ml mineral bottle. This ptototype uses data recording using Micro-SD as a data logger.

Gotu kola leaves have active compounds in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are secondary metabolites. A sheet mask is a more practical facial care cosmetic preparation without rinsing, effectively moisturizing facial skin. This service aims to provide education to the public about the benefits of gotu kola leaves as a natural facial moisturizer. This community service activity is carried out using an outreach method to the community individually using material presentations using power points and print media in Langkat. The results of implementing this educational activity have increased the insight and knowledge of the participants, especially children, teenagers, and mothers, in the form of using clove leaves as a herbal plant to overcome hair growth problems. The results of the participants' knowledge level from the pre-test and post-test scores are in the good category. Previously, people did not know the benefits of gotu kola leaves, which are efficacious as a natural facial moisturizer; now people can use them.

The need for electrical energy is increasing, especially in rural areas, so building an environmentally friendly energy power plant such as a micro hydro generator can be used to produce electrical energy. This PLTMH planning aims to help the community produce environmentally friendly electrical energy and overcome frequent power outages. The research discusses determining the type of turbine, water discharge, turbine power and generator power at (PLTMH). The water discharge (Q) value of 2.67 m3/sec is the water discharge during the rainy season. From the calculation results, it can generate 25.65 kW of electrical energy, the type of turbine used is an open flume propeller type turbine, the planning of a micro-hydro power plant with a turbine power capacity of 60 kW and a generator of 50 kW greatly influences the power that will be produced by the turbine, which This means that the greater the water discharge, the greater the power generated by the turbine, conversely, if the water discharge is small, the power produced by the turbine is relatively small.    

Legislation function owned by DPD is still limited, it shows the weak position and role (position and function) of DPD when compared with DPR. DPD does not have the authority to form laws together with DPR and the President and has no authority in setting the state budget. The formulation of the problem in this study are: (1) How is the legislative function of the House of Regional Representatives in the formation of the Act? (2) What is the ratio of the legislative function of the House of Regional Representatives that is different from the House of Representatives? This research is a normative juridical research which can be interpreted as a library legal research conducted based on literature or secondary data. In other words, this research is library research (library reseach), meaning that this research is conducted by reading works related to the issues to be studied and then containing a study of the research. The results of research and discussion show that: (1) The legislative function of DPD has a major role in the formation of the Act at the stage of discussion and ratification. At the discussion stage, although its participation is limited to level 1, DPD provides input and consideration of the bill relating to regional autonomy, central-regional relations, and management of economic and natural resources. Furthermore, at the stage of ratification, a joint agreement between DPR and the President strengthens the status of the bill into law. Although DPD can provide input and consideration of some bills, the final decision remains in the hands of DPR. This confirms that the main role of DPD is more as an advisory body in the legislative process. DPR has greater power than DPD in the formation of the Act, with the authority to take the final decision. Thus, although DPD has an important role in certain aspects of the formation of the Act, the main power and final decision remains with DPR. (2) Comparison of legis ratio between DPD and DPR has different representation. DPD represents the interests of the region directly, while DPR represents the interests of the people through political parties. DPD is present to accommodate regional aspirations that are not always represented by DPR. This reflects that the legislative role of DPD has significant limitations. DPD should function as a mechanism of checks and balances in Indonesia's bicameral system. However, due to its limited authority, the implementation of this function has not been optimally realized. Thus, although DPD has an important role in representing regional aspirations, the differences in authority and rights between DPD and DPR cause their position to be unbalanced in the legislative process.

Student behavior is the actions of students which are influenced by their attitudes and responsibilities at school. Student behavior is a very important factor in determining student achievement in learning. Students who have personalities that improve skills, knowledge, attitudes, habits, understanding, skills, thinking power and other abilities will more easily increase their concentration in learning, and it will be easier to achieve the students' goals. At SDN 053960 MARYKE there are still students who do not know that student behavior greatly influences their level of achievement. Therefore, it is necessary to educate students from an early age so that students can be more responsible for the rules given by teachers at school, and students must understand that the attitude they carry out at school is assessed in improving their achievement, as well as their presence is very influential. his level of achievement at school. Therefore, there is a need for a solution to overcome the problems that exist at SDN 053960 MARYKE by utilizing data mining to collect data and then it will be processed using the a priori method with variables contained in the correlation between student behavior and student achievement levels. The a priori algorithm is able to determine min support and confidence in these variables will later show the relationship between student behavior and student achievement levels, so that researchers will get the best best rules and be able to produce the latest information..

Walisongo State Islamic University KKN students held a socialization on the importance of literacy and basic provisions for religious moderation from an early age at the banjiran public elementary school where the purpose of this socialization was carried out to provide a deep understanding to teachers, students about the importance of religious literacy in shaping the character of good and religious children. Religious moderation literacy is the ability to understand, interpret and apply religious teachings in a balanced and tolerant manner. Religious moderation literacy also includes the ability to communicate effectively about the values of moderation and to coexist harmoniously with individuals from various religious backgrounds. In this socialization, learning media such as videos, summary materials in the form of power points and also educational applications are used to convey the values of religious moderation.

Walisongo State Islamic University KKN students held a socialization on the importance of literacy and basic provisions for religious moderation from an early age at the banjiran public elementary school where the purpose of this socialization was carried out to provide a deep understanding to teachers, students about the importance of religious literacy in shaping the character of good and religious children. Religious moderation literacy is the ability to understand, interpret and apply religious teachings in a balanced and tolerant manner. Religious moderation literacy also includes the ability to communicate effectively about the values of moderation and to coexist harmoniously with individuals from various religious backgrounds. In this socialization, learning media such as videos, summary materials in the form of power points and also educational applications are used to convey the values of religious moderation.

The study "European Union Energy Policy After Russia's Attack on Ukraine in February 2022" analyzes the EU's energy policies in response to the energy crisis caused by the attack, which disrupted the EU's heavily Russian-dependent energy supply. Using a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach, the research identifies the EU's strategic steps to reduce energy dependence on Russia and transition to sustainable energy. The findings highlight the REPowerEU policy, under Regulation (EU) 2023/435, as the primary response, focusing on diversifying energy imports, increasing renewable energy production, promoting energy efficiency, and enhancing energy infrastructure. Key initiatives include renewable energy projects like solar power in Spain and Portugal, the North Sea Wind Power Hub, and the Celtic Interconnection project, as well as the Renovation Wave Initiative to improve building energy efficiency. These measures aim to address the immediate energy crisis and build a sustainable, resilient energy future for the EU. The study provides academic insights into EU energy policy and security, serving as a reference for those interested in energy policy and international energy security.

Notaries must pay attention in detail that the recipient of the power of attorney is indeed a representative of the Limited Liability Company (PT) concerned who is authorized and has the ability to make the deed.9 The form of the PKR is a notarial deed, but the deed is the result of a meeting decision made by the minutes under hand. Based on Article 21 Paragraph (4) of the UUPT which states that it is permissible for a PKR deed to be made by a notary in the form of an authentic deed. If there is a formal defect in the deed, the deed only has the force of evidence like a private deed if the parties sign the deed. In accordance with Article 21 Paragraph (4) of the UUPT. The conclusion is a limited liability company, hereinafter referred to as a company, is a legal entity which is a capital association, established based on an agreement, carrying out business activities with authorized capital which is entirely divided into shares and fulfilling the requirements stipulated in the law and its implementing regulations. This definition is based on the provisions of Article 1 number (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (UUPT). Verification of Authority, Notary must ensure that the limited company meeting is attended by parties authorized to represent the company. This includes checking the validity of the power of attorney or other documents showing the authority of the parties present at the meeting. Parties' Lack of Understanding of Legal Procedures and Obligations.

Indonesia is a State of Law, this is stated in the explanation of the 1945 Constitution which states that; "The Indonesian state is based on law and not based on mere power." Law is a rule or regulation that regulates society. All behavior and actions of its citizens must be based on law, therefore, Indonesia is a country of law, obliged to carry out legal functions consistently as a means of upholding justice.  As times progress, of course crime becomes more developed and organized. One of the problems that often comes to the surface in people's lives is crime in general, as currently we often encounter delinquency in the form of narcotics abuse. In Article 1 Paragraph 1 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning NARCOTICS, the meaning of narcotics, namely substances or drugs derived from plants, either synthetic or semi-synthetic, which can cause a decrease or change in consciousness, loss of taste, reduce or eliminate pain, and can cause dependence, which are differentiated into groups as attached in the Law - The Narcotics Law is often used outside of medical and scientific purposes, which in the end will become a danger for the user, which in the end can also have an influence on the social order of the people of the nation and state. Combating narcotics abuse is not an easy thing to implement but the state is determined to eradicate it. Narcotics abuse covers all levels of society, including poor, rich, old, young and even children. Narcotics abuse has increased from year to year, which ultimately harms the nation's future cadres. One of the efforts made by the government to tackle the narcotics problem is through improvements in legal regulations. This improvement is very necessary because the influence of narcotics is very large on the survival of a nation.

This study aims to find out about the procedure for measuring the isolation resistance of the main equipment of the 150 kV conventional substation (AIS) as many as 5 bays at the Panakkukang Substation through the measurement of the insulation resistance value in accordance with the predetermined standards. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive. The subject of the study to be studied is a comparison of isolation resistance values in pre- and post-treatment. This was done to find out if there was a change in the insulation resistance value of the main equipment of the Substation. The main equipment studied is LA, PMT, CT, VT, and Transformer. Measurements were taken with a Megger measuring instrument, with a voltage injection of 5kV. For 5kV voltage injection, the maximum value of the test device is >1000 GΩ. The standard used is IEEE 43-2000, which is > 1 MΩ / 1 kV. Based on the results of research that has been carried out on each main equipment of the substation at GI Panakkukang. It can be concluded that the isolation resistance value in each main equipment of the substation at GI Panakkukang is above the minimum value (> MΩ/1 KV) in accordance with the IEEE Std 62: 1995 standard, VDE Catalogue 228/4, and the standard used by PLN in the "Power System Maintenance Guidebook" in 2014 the isolation resistance value at each main substation at GI Panakkukang has increased after being maintained. Maintenance can be carried out by cleaning the equipment body and foreign materials, and measuring the insulation resistance periodically.

Violations of quarantine regulations in Batam City continue to occur to this day. Despite the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine, which replaced Law No. 16 of 1992 on the same subject and introduced stricter criminal sanctions for violations, there has still not been a deterrent effect on those bringing prohibited items without meeting quarantine requirements. This research addresses how the authority and implementation of quarantine investigators' powers are regulated in handling cases of animal entry that have bypassed the designated import and export points in Batam City, what obstacles or challenges quarantine investigators face, and the solutions at the Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Office of the Riau Archipelago at the Hang Nadim and Telaga Punggur Service Units. The research method combines normative legal research with empirical sociological approaches, utilizing both inductive and deductive methods to analyze and clarify the relationship between research variables and the research object. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive understanding that benefits readers, particularly future researchers and academics. The findings reveal ongoing uncertainty among quarantine investigators in enforcing quarantine regulations in Batam City. This issue arises from differing interpretations of Law No. 21 of 2019 among quarantine officers and the shortage of human resources, which affects investigators' focus on legal enforcement actions, including criminal sanctions. In Batam City, the resolution of quarantine regulation violations prioritizes the philosophy of "ultimum remedium" where punishment is seen as a last resort. Administrative sanctions for quarantine violations include quarantine detention, rejection, and/or destruction of the violating items.

The implementation of democracy at the village level can be proof that political development in Indonesia has developed rapidly by involving local communities, so that they are able to carry out the functions of regional government power in order to achieve the goal of advancing and prospering people's lives. Non-voting behavior are a group of people who are unwilling and negligent in giving their voting rights in elections for various reasons, whether in legislative elections, regional elections, presidential elections or village head elections. Non-voting behavior are also called blanks or abstentions in elections that are limited to an organization, company or institution. Voter absence at an election is closely related to voter dissatisfaction or satisfaction. In Kote Village, non-voting behavior has a large number compared to other villages in Singkep Pesisir District. The existence of this phenomenon certainly has a cause for non-voting behavior by the Kote Village Community. The aim of this research is to determine the factors causing non-voting behavior in Kote Village, Lingga Regency and the main factors causing non-voting behavior in Kote Village, Lingga Regency. The research method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out through interviews with several informants who were related to the research. The results of the research show that the non-voting behavior carried out by the people of Kote Village is caused by several things, namely the attitude of the community who are less concerned about the ongoing Village Head Election which is based on the lack of influence of the Village Head Election on the community. Some communities find it difficult to contribute to village policy making and do not understand the ongoing village election system. Apart from that, there are people who believe that the Village Head candidate they support will win or lose in the ongoing Village Head Election so they feel there is no need to come to vote. However, the reason why most people in Kote Village do not vote is because of work factors that cannot be left behind due to economic needs and educational factors, especially students who study outside the area and are unable to return to Kote Village to carry out the Village Head election.

Of course, in every government there must be an administrative part, where this part plays an important role in the management of government administration. One of the government institutions that are always tied to administrative affairs is Bawaslu Surabaya. Bawaslu acts as a state agency responsible for managing correspondence documents and election-related information.  Starting from the submission of correspondence to the Mail archive, everything is part of the sub. HR Bawaslu. However, due to the storage and arrangement of files that are still manual, making it difficult to determine the numbering of letters to be worked on, or search for incoming and outgoing files that have been archived. Therefore, in this study will be a solution to overcome these problems by building a numbering and archive management system using the Laravel framework.  Laravel Framework has its own advantages such as, easy to develop, faster performance, data security, data reload more stable, and much more. So Laravel can be an efficient and effective solution for developers in building powerful, large-scale, and easy-to-develop web applications.

Growing demand for electricity savings has led to the development of an automatic LED emergency light system. It is based on providing light when the power is cut off. Once fully charged, the battery ceases charging, and in the event of a power failure, the LEDs are automatically powered by the battery. The project focuses on two primary functions: it automatically activates during power outages to give illumination, eliminating the need to search for the switch, and the battery rapidly begins recharging as the main power is restored. The emergency light is crucial due to the inconsistent voltage distribution and frequent power outages in operational regions of communities and diverse enterprises. The system includes a power supply that converts 230V AC to 12V DC, a relay that uses a control pulse to alternate between connecting the battery to the LEDs and isolating it, and a rechargeable Li-ion battery that supplies power to the LEDs during blackouts. The parallel-connected LEDs light up during a power outage in the circuits. The circuit architecture shown here serves to mitigate the entire discharge of the battery, hence enhancing the battery's longevity. Key components of the system include a step-down transformer, a bridge circuit to convert AC to DC, a Zener diode to maintain voltage stability, capacitors for energy storage, and various diodes to control current flow. The project highlights the advantages of LED emergency lights, such as efficiency, longevity, and minimal energy waste, though it acknowledges the higher initial cost and temperature sensitivity as disadvantages. The automatic LED emergency light is suitable for use in homes, offices, retail shops, and other commercial settings. The project demonstrates a cost-effective and compact solution that enhances daily life by providing reliable lighting during power failures.

The Covid-19 pandemic has reduced people's purchasing power and made people's activities all online. Digital literacy needs to be carried out by MSME actors, especially Electronic MSMEs, where they still carry out offline buying and selling activities both in terms of promotion, marketing, and service communication. This study aims to determine the implementation of digital literacy for Electronic MSME actors to go online. Digital literacy is an effort to change and develop activities based on skills and knowledge by using technology. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach using data analysis techniques Reduction, Display and Conclusion. This research was conducted at the Electronic MSMEs, Padangsidimpuan City, North Sumatera. The results showed that 88% of the understanding of Electronic MSME technology was based on the digital literacy capabilities they had, obtained through digital literacy activities carried out and received many benefits for the online sales system.

One of the tridharmas goals for higher education is the existence of a campus can provide benefits and prosperity to society. After the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a slowdown in people's economic activities, marked by a large number of unemployed people and a decrease in purchasing power, as well as a reduction in the income of MSMEs (UMKM) in the area around the UPN Veteran Jakarta campus. If this conditionremain ignored, it will lead to a negativeimpact and reduce social relations between campus residentsandsurrounding residents. Because efforts areneeded to improve campus relations with local residents while empowering the economy through Sportavest 2023 activities. This research containsservice activities regarding empoweringcommunity MSMEs in Pondok Labu Subdistrict to be able to promote their products widely and increase income from product sales which synergized with sports activities from student.

Human nature, social life, requires humans to socialize with and interact with other humans for survival. There are the five important elements of socialization: social, cultural, social institutions, social stratification or the final grouping of society: power and authority. The study was done to identify social differences and factors that contributed to social differences. The study used qualitative descriptive methods with an objective approach to literature. Well-illustrated social differences in the background of both mice (country mouse) and (city mouse), they had conflicting backgrounds. The cause of these differences is that they live in different neighborhoods.    

Human nature, social life, requires humans to socialize with and interact with other humans for survival. There are the five important elements of socialization: social, cultural, social institutions, social stratification or the final grouping of society: power and authority. The study was done to identify social differences and factors that contributed to social differences. The study used qualitative descriptive methods with an objective approach to literature. Well-illustrated social differences in the background of both mice (country mouse) and (city mouse), they had conflicting backgrounds. The cause of these differences is that they live in different neighborhoods.