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McDonald's is one of the largest franchises that has rapidly expanded in Indonesia and internationally, becoming one of the fast-food restaurants that is still favored by people both from Indonesia and abroad. Despite the emergence of numerous competitors, McDonald's continues to thrive and excel with various strategies and innovations. One of them is the BTS Meal project, which resulted in a 57% increase in net sales. The research method used is a quantitative type with a descriptive nature, involving the distribution of questionnaires to 96 respondents who have purchased McDonald's products in Jakarta at least once. The sample for this research was determined using the Lemeshow Formula. This study utilizes multiple linear regression analysis and has fulfilled tests for instruments and classical assumptions, processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software. The results of the regression analysis show that the variables of product innovation and sales promotion have significance values of <0.001. Product innovation and sales promotion together have a significance value of 0.000, contributing 62.9% to competitive advantage, while the remaining 37.1% is influenced by other factors. The conclusion drawn from the research is that product innovation significantly affects competitive advantage. Meanwhile, sales promotion significantly influences purchasing decisions. Product innovation and sales promotion, when considered together, significantly impact competitive advantage.

Communication in Buddhist community groups in Wonogiri Regency is basically inseparable from communication aspects consisting of communicators, messages, audiences or communicants and the effects that arise afterwards communication occurs. In Buddhist community groups in Wonogiri Regency, communication between group members and religious leaders, as well as between group members, occurs not only at certain times or activities but takes place at any time and at any time, because group members are part of a community that always interacts. Relationships (relationships) and communication that are closely intertwined among members of the Buddhist community group in Wonogiri Regency make the community a strong (strong) group. Cohesiveness (cohesiveness) is a factor that can lead to the emergence of groupthink. This integration brings certain consequences, in group decision making. Decision making is a systematic approach to the nature of a problem by collecting facts and data and determining mature alternatives to take an appropriate action (Siregar, 2013: 2) and also determining mature alternatives to take an appropriate action.  

A 63 year old male patient came to the emergency room with complaints of weakness since 5 days of SMRS. Complaints are accompanied by nausea, vomiting, pain throughout the stomach, and liquid bowel movements. The patient also complained of low back pain that spread to both legs and made it difficult to walk. The patient also feels that he is urinating a little and seems to be stuck. Two weeks ago the patient had a fever accompanied by a cough. On physical examination, BP 90/60 mmHg, HR 111 x/minute, RR 20 x/minute, BMI 20.3 kg/m2, suprapubic area tenderness, right CVA tapping pain. Investigations Hb 11.73 g/dl, urea: 73 mg/dl, creatinine: 3.45 mg/dl, tubex: negative, dengue Ig M: negative, dengue Ig G: positive. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed multiple nephrolithiasis dextra. On chest X-ray examination, there was an increased bronchovascular pattern, an air bronchogram (+) with an impression of bronchitis. The finding of multiple nephrolithiasis dextra indicates that the patient's kidney failure is chronic in nature, however, DHF that is not treated properly causes worsening of kidney function, giving rise to the condition of ACKD.

An understanding of morality as distinguished through legality is found in Kant's moral philosophy. Based on his knowledge, morality is the similarity of nature or behavior to inner provisions or laws, namely what Kant sees as "obligations". Morality is always fulfilled if we obey the law outwardly but because we are afraid of an impact of that law outwardly, but because we know that obeying the law is an obligation. In another part, Kant said that there are two parts of the principle that make human action, such as maxims (maxime) and objective rules. Maxims are teachings that are still running subjectively, which are based on subjective vision and form the basis for action. Despite having a mind, the human being as a subject is an imperfect person, and also has passions, emotions, tastes and so on. Basically (basic values) means that the economy is useful for helping economic implementers (in this case traders) will destroy problems (moral) in their economic practices. In general, the market is interpreted as a meeting place for buyers and sellers in carrying out trading activities. However, along with the increasingly dynamic human life, the form and meaning of the market will become broader. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research type, because it seeks to clarify phenomena or events, people, objects or processes that are relevant to the Morality of Economic Actions of Traders in the Thursday Market. The object of this research is traders in the Thursday River Manau market. This study uses primary data and secondary data. Data obtained by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study are that traders on Thursday's market understand how to trade properly, in selling we should have to do a good method and it's better for us to avoid lies that can drown us in bad things in the future.

Ecological feminism is feminism that seeks to unite the demands of the women's movement with the ecological movement to realize a world and worldview that is not based on the domination of socio-economic and conceptual structures. Ecofeminism challenges the dominant paradigm that has perpetuated the oppression of women and the degradation of nature. Women's roles in both the domestic and public spheres intersect with the environment. Hence, of course, it can have positive and harmful environmental effects. This research uses a literature study method where several studies are related to the main principles of ecofeminism, historical development, and contributions to environmental discourse. This research reveals that women in various regions of Indonesia still need to be included in environmental management in terms of access, participation, control, and benefits. Thus, ecofeminism advocates for social and ecological justice, aiming for a more just and sustainable future for all. It concludes that women and men have equal roles in maintaining the environment for a sustainable life.  

This study uses a quantitative type approach to examine certain populations or samples. Data collection uses research instruments and data analysis is statistical in nature, with the aim of testing the hypotheses that have been set. In this study the population is tourists who have visited Lake Toba at least once. as. The samples in this study consisted of 140 samples. The results of the study show that the fairness of prices has a large influence on the trust and satisfaction of Lake Toba tourists. because at a reasonable price, visitors will feel they don't need a lot of money to visit Lake Toba. In addition, tourist facilities also have an influence on tourist satisfaction. That's because with the availability of facilities on Lake Toba, tourists will feel happy and comfortable. With the availability of facilities, tourists will feel that visiting Lake Toba will be more interesting and enjoyable. so it is concluded that the fairness of prices and tourist facilities greatly have an influence on the trust and satisfaction of Lake Toba tourists.

Students in adolescence often commit various kinds of troubling delinquencies and lately through various kinds of mass communication tools, the problem of juvenile delinquency has become an object of discussion. Delinquency in students occurs because of the unstable condition of students or can also be influenced by their environment, both from the family environment, friendships, and the community environment. Realizing this, guidance and counseling teachers are required to overcome the problem of deviant behavior of students, because education is seen as one aspect that has an important role in shaping the mentality of future generations. The purpose of this research is to find out the communication strategy of counseling teachers against student delinquency at MAN 1 Sumbawa. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research approach that is qualitative-descriptive in nature, namely a study that describes and describes a problem. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. Data is analyzed interactively with the steps of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are communication strategies carried out by counseling teachers, namely 1) Conducting guidance and direct approach to problem students. 2) directing students to take part in positive activities such as extracurricular activities and religious activities so that students do not do negative things. 3) The imposition of sanctions on students who commit violations. So that it is hoped that no further violations will occur and have a deterrent effect on students. The forms of sanctions imposed do not lead to negative things, but lead to positive actions from the effects of these sanctions.    

This study uses the novel Max Havelaar by Multatuli. The problems discussed in this study are, (1) The structure of Multatuli's Max Havelaar novel? (2) The author's world view in the novel Max Havelaar by Multatuli? (3) The relevance of Multatuli's novel Max Havelaar as literature learning material in SMA/SMK?. The aims of this study were (1) to find out the structure of Multatuli's Max Havelaar novel, (2) to find out the world views in Multatuli's Max Havelaar novel, (3) to find the relevance of Multatuli's Max Havelaar novel as material for learning literature in class XII in senior high school. /SMK. The data analysis technique used is the dialectical method. The results of this research analysis can be interpreted in three ways, namely first, the structure in this study is thematic in nature, which means determining the relationship between characters. Second, the researcher finds that Max Havelaar's novel expresses a worldview in the form of Multatuli's ideas and aspirations regarding the phenomenon of colonialism practices towards indigenous peoples. Third, Multatuli's novel Max Havelaar can be made as literature learning material, especially at the high school/vocational school level. This can be measured through three aspects consisting of the language aspect, the latest psychological aspect in the novel, and the historical background aspect. Therefore, the teacher suggests using this novel as material for learning literature for class XII at SMA/SMK

Family has an important role in human life as the first place to learn. However, the Broken Home family has a negative impact on children, such as negative self-concept and difficulties in socializing. The film "Susah Signal" attracts the attention of the writer because it depicts the problems of Broken Home children and the disharmonious relationship between a child and his mother due to the mother's busy pursuit of a career. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method with a content analysis approach, which involves both explicit and implied communication content. Primary data was collected through documentation in the form of signs obtained from the film "Susah Signal". The data collection method used was content analysis, in which the researcher conducted a descriptive analysis of the dialogues and shows shown in the film. In content analysis, the researcher explains each scene and dialogue that has been collected. In the film "Susah Signal", the lack of communication between mother and child makes Ellen have a control nature in applying rules that must be followed without exception. Poor communication leads to misunderstandings and sources of conflict. The impact of Broken Home children's problems seen in the film "Susah Signal" can be concluded that the analysis shows that children's problems in a Broken Home situation have a significant influence on family relationships and children's behavior.

This study aims to find out how the leadership style applied by the leaders of CV. Mutiara uses observation techniques, literature studies and interviews with CV leaders. Pearl. This kind of research is qualitative in nature. The results of the research show that the leader of CV. Mutiara applies a democratic and participative leadership style. Leader CV. Mutiara wants to improve staff performance with every employee in CV. Mutiara is valued for her potential and the company often organizes events or activities intended to raise performance standards among its employees.

Real Work Lecture (KKN) is a form of service carried out by students by being directly involved in the community and in these activities students are faced with various problems that exist in society so that students must be able to solve these problems. In this KKN activity it was carried out in Blitar City to be precise in the Kauman Village. One of the MSMEs in Kauman Village named Es Cendol "Sueger" was the target for this KKN activity. In these MSME there are problems with product marketing factors. Thus, the purpose of this KKN activity is to plan a marketing strategy for MSMEs so that these MSMEs grow rapidly. The research method used is qualitative in nature with the type of data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation of activities with MSME owners. The result of this KKN activity is the development of marketing of MSME products.

Islam teaches its people to have morals or generosity with the aim of having a sense of gratitude for God's blessings, realizing high social sensitivity, and realizing a helpful society. Generosity is a character or character that is rarely found in a person, not everyone has a generous nature. Therefore, this generosity attitude needs to be grown and developed for students in the school environment. So that students will be able to apply it in everyday life. Some ways that schools or educators can do in cultivating this attitude are by giving alms or giving alms. Because, the learning material only explains in a descriptive way the attitude of generosity. However, it is necessary to have actions and intended practices so that these attitudes can grow in students.

In general, the tools used to make batik stamps are mainly made of copper, which is quite expensive. So that it is only affordable by a few circles which causes batik stamps to be used by certain circles. As time goes by, innovations emerge in batik stamping tools made from waste paper which are cheap and easy to find. That way there are advantages and disadvantages of this batik stamp because of the nature of the paper which will be explained in this study. The method used in this study is the method of demonstration and practice or direct practice. The results showed that making paper-based batik stamps was quite simple, did not require a special process and could be done by yourself.

Myopia or can also be called nearsightedness is a disorder in the human eye that is not corrected with cataracts and infectious diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that can cause biology students class of 2022 UIN Sunan Gunung Djati to be affected by nearsightedness. This research method is quantitative in nature. Data collection was used by purposive sampling with the main data obtained from a questionnaire in the form of a google form distributed to biology students of the Class of 2022 UIN Sunan Gunung Djati. The results of this study showed the distribution of the highest percentage of age, namely in students aged 17-18 years with a percentage of 73.5%, the distribution of the percentage of sex with the highest percent number of 85.3% with the female gender, the distribution of the percentage of using gadgets or laptops 67.6% of 34 respondents using it for more than 8 hours per day, while 32.4% of respondents who used gadgets or laptops less than 8 hours per day. As many as 17.6% of students experience nearsightedness caused by genetic factors and 82.4% of students experience nearsightedness not caused by genetic factors.

Hadith is one of the pillars of Muslims in carrying out Islamic law. Besides that, hadith is also a sharp weapon for orientalists in bringing down Islam. One of the bases used by orientalists in overthrowing Islam is the hadiths that seem textually contradictory. Hadith that appear to be textually contradictory can cause misunderstandings for the general public if they do not examine them in depth. One example is the hadith narrated by Abū Dāwud which contradicts the permissibility and prohibition of using illicit objects in medicine. Therefore, researchers conducted research on the meaning and completion of the two hadiths. This type of research is qualitative in nature (library research) with descriptive presentation and analysis methods. This research also uses the book of Sunan Abū Dāwud and is assisted by other standard books, then it is analyzed by studying the Mukhtalif al-Ḥadīṡ method of Syaikh Shāliḥ al-Uṡaimin to resolve the two contradictory hadiths. The result of this study is that the two hadiths can be solved using the al-Jam'u method. Based on the compromise of the two hadiths, it is known that the use of illicit objects is permissible with certain considerations and conditions.

The existence of Political Parties in the unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) cannot be separated from the climate of freedom that existed during the Dutch Colonial Government. Such freedom gives people space to form an organization, including Political Parties. In addition, the existence of Political Parties in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is also inseparable from the role of movements that aim to obtain freedom from the Dutch colonial government, also demanding independence. We can see this with the birth of the Parties before Independence. community’s need for drinking water that is of good quality and safe for consumption as well as in line with the development of free markets and competition in the business word, many business actors have set up refill drinking water depots which must comply wiht the Regulation of the Minister of Indonesia Number 43 of the Year 2014 concening Sanitation Hygiene of Drinking Water Depots. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the Kupang City Health Office in supervising the quality of refill drinking water depots and to find aut the factors that influencer the performance of the Kupang City Health Office. This research is empirical juridikal in nature, namely capturing the legal provisions that apply and what is happening in this case interviews to obtain an overview of data related to research problems. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, namely by choose informants who are considered knowledgeable and trustworthy to be data sources. The results of this study are the influence of tasks and functions of the health office in supervicing drinking water depots, seen from the large number of depots that do not have official business permits. The peformance of the kupang City Health Office in supervising the quality of refill drinking  water depots is not good enough, and there is still a need for improvement in terms of productivity and also the need for member personnel to be equitablein monitoring activities.

Bogor Botanical Gardens is an area that contains various types of plants and is used for conservation, nature tourism, education, research, and so on, including the presence of cactus plants of the Cactaceae family. Cacti are plants that are commonly found in deserts or dry areas. However, cacti also have the ability to survive for a long time without much water. The purpose of this research is to provide information related to the plant species in the Cactaceae family found in the Bogor Botanical Gardens area through an inventory using direct observations of both the morphology and anatomy in a qualitative form. The results of the Cactaceae family plants found include 4 species of the genus Cereus, 1 species of the genus Lophocereus, and 5 species of the genus Opuntia, making a total of 10 species found, namely Cereus hexagonus, Candle Cactus, Mandacaru, Peruvian Apple Cactus, Mexican Fence Post Cactus, Barrel Cactus, Fishhook Cactus, Wheel Cactus, Tephrocactus molinensis, and Prickly Pear Cactus. These three discovered genus have their own distinguishing characteristics.

Natural material media is everything learning media that exists in the environment around us to support learning that is very easy and economical but can be used effectively and efficiently which is directly obtained from nature, natural materials that are used as learning media include: stones, branches, seeds, leaves, wood and other natural objects. Natural media becomes something effective and efficient if it is well optimized as material in learning and adjusted to the learning goals that will be achieved by children. One of them is in the development of numeracy and cognitive abilities of children. Natural media can help children develop numeracy skills and cognitive abilities, through various activities that involve critical thinking and problem solving such as counting, comparing, sorting, building, classifying objects and so on.

This study aims to determine the ecology of literary works in the short story Mematungku di Kaki Bukit Ini by Fina Aryadila. This research was conducted with an ecological literary approach. The method used is descriptive by describing the results obtained in the form of words. The results of the study show that this short story contains natural ecology. Natural ecology deals with human interaction with nature, the attitude of human care for nature and how humans act towards nature. In this short story, there are various human traits towards natural conditions, namely sadness, disappointment, indifference and greed. Fina is the main character who feels disappointed, sad and concerned about the condition of the hill which has begun to be damaged by irresponsible, indifferent, and greedy people. This story tells of a hill that was once beautiful, now damaged and converted into a building that will become a long-term asset for humans who are greedy and do not care about the balance of the ecosystem. This short story also tells how the point of view of the character "Aku", namely Fina Aryadila, witnessed the damage to the hill that occurred, such as burning forests, cutting down trees and the hustle and bustle of animals in the forest in saving themselves and moving places.

This study aims to analyze the poem "Keindahan Alam, Kelana Cinta" by Misnawati and determine whether the poem can provide better understanding for students about the importance of preserving the natural beauty of Indonesia and become an inspiration for them to visit and love tourist destinations in Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive method with content analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that the poem "Keindahan Alam, Kelana Cinta" is able to provide better understanding for students about the importance of preserving the natural beauty of Indonesia. In this poem, Misnawati conveys a message that we should love and preserve the beautiful nature of Indonesia. Additionally, this poem can also inspire students to visit and love tourist destinations in Indonesia. The poem offers a description of stunning tourist destinations in Indonesia. By reading this poem, students can feel the beauty of nature in Indonesia and it is expected to motivate them to visit and love tourist destinations in Indonesia. This study can be a reference for teachers in teaching about the importance of preserving the natural beauty and introducing tourist destinations in Indonesia through literary works.