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This study aims to describe the functions and forms of commissive speech acts used by vendors at Induk Cureh Market, Bireuen Regency. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data consist of excerpts from the speech between vendors and buyers that contain commissive speech acts. The data source for this research is the vendors at Induk Cureh Market, Bireuen Regency. Data collection techniques included observation, recording, and notetaking. Based on the findings, 43 instances of commissive speech acts were identified. The functions of these commissive speech acts are divided into three categories: (1) promising, found in 8 instances; (2) offering, found in 30 instances; and (3) vowing, with 5 instances.

Satisfaction is very important in assessing service quality, especially in health services. Physiotherapy services are one of the medical rehabilitation services in hospitals aimed at individuals to restore movement and body functions are required to provide the best service. Dr. Hafiz Hospital (RSDH) Cianjur is the first private hospital in Cianjur, which strives to improve the quality of services in all types of services including physiotherapy services. However, the data on quality indicators of the Physiotherapy Unit showed a decrease in visits. The complaint data that is often received is about administration, service procedures, communication and attitude of officers and others. This study aims to find out the picture of patient satisfaction with physiotherapy services at Dr. Hafiz Cianjur Hospital . This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive method, the population in this study is 87 physiotherapy patients obtained using purposive sampling techniques. Data was obtained using a questionnaire, then the data was processed and univariate analysis. The results showed that satisfaction based on physical evidence (tangible) included high (41.4%), reliability had high satisfaction (41.4%), accuracy (resvonsiveness) had high satisfaction (43.7%), assurance had moderate satisfaction (44.8%), and care (empathy) have moderate satisfaction (47.1%). The hospital is advised to evaluate the quality of service to meet patient satisfaction, so that it can determine the next steps to be taken in measuring wisdom in the future.

Cost Recovery is a vital element in production sharing contracts (PSCs) within the oil and gas sector, allowing contractors to recover costs incurred during exploration and production through revenues generated from oil and gas production. This mechanism has a direct impact on the sustainability of operations and the management of natural resources, which in turn plays a critical role in supporting the national economy.This study aims to analyze the role and contribution of the cost recovery scheme in enhancing Indonesia's economic development, focusing on optimizing state revenue, increasing both foreign and domestic investment, and promoting the development of sustainable energy infrastructure. The method used in this study is a literature review, which includes data from journals and published articles.The main findings of the study show that the cost recovery scheme not only functions as an instrument to ensure the sustainability of upstream oil and gas operations but also has a significant impact on other economic aspects. In the context of national economic development, this scheme contributes to increasing state revenue through taxes and royalties, creating jobs, and supporting local economic development in oil and gas-producing regions. Moreover, cost recovery opens up opportunities for technology transfer and enhances human resource capacity in the energy sector.

The rapid development of digital technology has reshaped communication practices in online learning, particularly in language education. Emojis, as a visual symbol widely used in digital interactions, have the potential to enrich emotional expression and participation, but their role in educational contexts remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate how emojis influence students’ emotional expression, engagement, and digital literacy in online language classrooms. To achieve this, a qualitative observational design was employed, focusing on university students participating in online language courses. Data were collected from authentic digital interactions, including chat messages, discussion forums, and collaborative platforms, and were analyzed through content analysis to identify the communicative and pedagogical functions of emojis. The findings indicate that emojis help clarify emotional expression, support comprehension of messages, and encourage active student participation in online discussions. These results demonstrate that emojis not only serve as supplementary tools for digital communication but also contribute to creating a more engaging and supportive learning environment. Synthesizing the main ideas, this study extends the understanding of digital communication theory by highlighting the pedagogical value of emojis beyond their informal use on social media. In conclusion, emojis play a crucial role in strengthening interaction, fostering emotional presence, and enhancing learning outcomes in online language education. The study recommends integrating emojis into digital teaching practices while encouraging further research on cultural variation, learner levels, and diverse digital platforms to maximize their educational potential.

The amendment to the 1945 Constitution is an important milestone in the history of the Indonesian constitution that aims to improve the system of government and maintain the balance of power between the executive and legislative. This study aims to analyze the policy of limiting executive and legislative powers implemented through the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, and its implications for the system of government in Indonesia. The research method used is normative research with a qualitative approach, through literature studies and analysis of constitutional documents and relevant laws and regulations. Data were obtained from various sources, including the text of the 1945 Constitution before and after the amendment, academic literature, and the results of interviews with constitutional law experts. The results of the study indicate that the amendment to the 1945 Constitution has brought significant changes in the limitation of executive and legislative powers. Among them, the amendment introduced a stronger checks and balances mechanism, clarified the functions and authorities of each state institution, and set limits on the presidential term of office to prevent absolute power.    

In the era of rapid digital transformation, social media platforms have become dominant tools for communication, marketing, and consumer interaction. Among these, TikTok has emerged as one of the most influential spaces for creative digital promotion, particularly for small businesses and creative industries. This study explores @dyputustudio’s utilization of TikTok as a promotional medium for its self-photo studio services, focusing on how the platform is used to build interactions and relationships with consumers. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, emphasizing observation, interviews, and documentation analysis to understand Dyputu Studio’s promotional strategies and audience engagement patterns. Findings reveal that TikTok functions not only as a promotional channel but also as a space of social interaction and digital community formation between the studio and its consumers. The platform’s interactivity, algorithmic visibility, and audio- visual creativity enable Dyputu Studio to effectively showcase its self-photo studio services, stimulate audience participation, and cultivate brand loyalty. This study demonstrates that digital communication on TikTok aligns with Pierre Lévy’s New Media Theory, which highlights interactivity, hypertextuality, and networking as key dimensions of modern media engagement. Through consistent content creation, responsive communication, and trend adaptation, Dyputu Studio successfully transforms social media presence into a form of digital relationship marketing. The study contributes to the understanding of how small creative businesses can leverage social media to achieve marketing and communicative goals in the digital era.

Football is far more than a game; it is a cultural language that brings people together across nations and generations. In Indonesia, this passion for football extends beyond domestic leagues, where local supporters also form strong communities around international clubs. One of these is the Chelsea Indonesia Supporters Club (CISC) Bekasi Region, a collective of Chelsea FC fans who not only share admiration for the team but also nurture social bonds and a sense of belonging within their community. This paper offers a conceptual exploration of how cohesiveness among members of CISC Bekasi contributes to the creation of a positive community image. Building on ideas from scholars such as Mulyana (2016), Collins and Raven (in Arifuddin, 2016), and Muniz and O’Guinn (in Ratnawati & Lestari, 2018), the discussion focuses on the role of group communication in fostering solidarity and collective identity. Within the group, communication is not limited to exchanging information but also functions as a medium for emotional support, shared values, and moral responsibility. The argument put forward is that effective communication and social cohesion can transform a fan club into a respected social group that embodies unity and positive representation. The experience of CISC Bekasi illustrates how sports enthusiasm, when supported by strong interpersonal ties, can encourage inclusive participation and strengthen the public image of football supporter communities in Indonesia.

The institution of marriage in Indonesia has long been considered a social and moral milestone. However, in the digital era, shifting gender roles and the rise of social media have significantly transformed how young women perceive marriage. This study aims to explore the perceptions of early adult women (aged 18–25) toward the #MarriageIsScary narrative on TikTok, focusing on content from the account @bobahagia19. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using interviews, observations, and content analysis of selected TikTok videos. The findings reveal that the #MarriageIsScary trend represents a collective expression of emotional anxiety, self-awareness, and social critique of traditional marriage norms. Participants perceived marriage as an uncertain institution, often associated with emotional instability, betrayal, and loss of autonomy. Yet, the same discourse also fostered empowerment and solidarity among women, forming what scholars describe as digital sisterhood. The discussion integrates sociological and media theories (Giddens, 1992; Papacharissi, 2015; Banet-Weiser, 2018) to illustrate how digital narratives both reflect and reshape cultural meanings of marriage in contemporary Indonesia. Overall, the study concludes that TikTok functions as a participatory space where young women redefine marital expectations through shared emotions, storytelling, and online community engagement.

This paper discusses in depth the role of accounting in business decision-making in the digital era, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced by the accounting profession in the context of rapid and complex technological developments. In the modern business world, accounting information plays a crucial role, not only as a financial reporting tool but also as a foundation for strategic analysis that can influence the direction and policies of an organization. The issues raised pertain to the importance of timely and accurate accounting information in supporting managerial decision-making, as well as how this information can be used to enhance the performance and competitiveness of companies. The main objective of this research is to explore how digitalization and technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and cloud-based information systems, affect accounting practices and their impact on business decision-making. This research also aims to identify the challenges arising from technological changes, including data security issues, the necessary technological skills, and regulatory changes that accountants must face. The methodology employed in this research is a normative approach with descriptive analysis, which includes literature studies and analysis of various relevant secondary data sources. Additionally, this research presents several case studies to demonstrate the application of theory in real practice and its impact on decision-making. The findings indicate that although digitalization brings many benefits in terms of efficiency and accuracy, there are serious challenges to be faced, such as the increased risk of data breaches and the need for higher technological skills among accounting professionals. The conclusion drawn from this research is that to optimally leverage the potential of accounting in supporting business decision-making, companies must invest in training and skill development for their accountants. Furthermore, the importance of implementing sustainable accounting practices is increasingly gaining attention, especially in the context of social and environmental responsibility. Thus, accounting not only functions as a supporting tool but also as a strategic element that adds value to companies in facing the complexities and uncertainties of the future.

This study aims to analyze the school supervision program and the competence of supervisors in an effort to improve the quality of educators. The school supervision program is designed as a guideline for the implementation of the main tasks and functions of supervisors, which include academic supervision, managerial supervision, educational evaluation, as well as coaching principals and teachers in the assisted schools. Competencies required by supervisors include personality, managerial skills, academic supervision skills, educational evaluation, and research and development skills. This study emphasizes the importance of sustainable and planned supervision by referring to the results of previous supervision and prevailing education policies. The findings show that the implementation of an effective supervision program supported by the competence of qualified supervisors can improve the quality of the learning process and the performance of educators in the assisted schools. Thus, strategic supervision is a key factor in creating a quality education system.

of Higher Education Dharma. When the functions of instructors and students become an integral part of the activity. It is believed that through participation in PKM (Community Service activities), lecturers, students, and community members will work together in harmony to raise awareness of the unique needs of the community. The goal of the government, both local, sub-district, and village governments, is to ensure that all citizens are treated fairly when applying and receiving population documents through the implementation of the Population Administration Service system. Observation, interviews, and documentation are the main tools to collect information in this qualitative descriptive research method. Population administration services based on the principles of good governance are very important to improve the quality of public services. This is driven by the need for public service providers in population administration services that show good governance, as well as people's aspirations for quality public services in this era of decentralization.

This research is motivated by the fact that the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate apparatus has not performed well in carrying out supervision in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 61 of 2019. In the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate, this can be seen from the results of the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate performance report, several problems were found. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy for improving the performance of the apparatus in implementing supervision at the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate. This study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The informants in this study were 4 people, namely the Inspector, Secretary of the Inspectorate, Head of Planning and Programs and representatives of regional inspectors. Data analysis was carried out on data collected from both observation and interview results. The data analysis stage was carried out with qualitative analysis. The results of the study showed that: 1) The performance of the apparatus at the Ciamis Regency Inspectorate was not optimal, this was because the Inspectorate as one of the supervisory institutions responsible to the Regent had not been able to create transparency, objectivity, more effective supervision efficiency, and more accumulative and accountable. Therefore, the Inspectorate is not only faced with the problems of functional tasks but also with coaching tasks. 2) The implementation of supervision in carrying out its activities as a supervisor of the implementation of regional government cannot be separated from the factors that influence the implementation of the supervisory function carried out on the implementation of regional government. These factors are: internal factors, namely the number of supervisory officers is still limited, and external factors, namely the availability of many mandatory tasks that must be carried out and negligence of the object of inspection. 3) The Inspectorate as an internal supervisor is required to make a major contribution to improving the quality of the implementation of Regional Government, but on the other hand, its capacity is not yet sufficient to carry out its main tasks and functions with various problems and limitations.

This study discusses the importance of the presence of research and innovation management institutions that are increasingly recognized along with the needs of the Government and local governments to resolve problems, development gaps and find solutions to regional government problems. This can be interpreted that BRIDA is not only transformed into a manager of supporting functions in the field of research and development as before but its presence is required to be able to fundamentally change the governance of research and development and increase its connectivity with the innovation system and global competitiveness. In the perspective of regional government policy, it is required to be able to formulate quality and evidence-based policies. This study aims to analyze the role of the Regional Research and Innovation Agency in supporting the development process of the city of Medan and supporting the development of the city of Medan. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques in the form of observation and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the Regional Research and Innovation Agency has a policy formulation and strategy that supports the vision of developing the city of Medan into an innovative and highly competitive city. Then the Regional Research and Innovation Agency has great potential to continue to be the main driver of sustainable and innovative city development.

This study aims to analyze management at Atlas Sport Club Surabaya, covering aspects of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using a survey focused on descriptive methods. The sampling technique used is snowball sampling, with subjects including HRD, the gym manager, fitness instructors, graphic designers, the head of marketing, and marketing communications. The instruments used include observation sheets, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted through steps of reduction and presentation to draw conclusions. The research findings indicate that: (1) Planning at the Fitness Center Atlas Sport Club Surabaya has been aligned with organizational goals. The plans include well-structured long-term and short-term work programs based on sports management principles. (2) The organizing aspect shows a harmonious working relationship between the manager, fitness instructors, and the front office, reflecting alignment with sports management practices. The organizational structure has been effectively coordinated, with the manager maintaining an open attitude and motivation to enhance the fitness center's well-being. Each employee performs tasks in accordance with the terms outlined in their contracts. Directing at the fitness center is effectively carried out through team formation that involves a personal approach to employees. (3) Employee direction can occur at any time by leaders, including the owner, manager, and HRD. Direction from the manager and HRD takes place daily via WhatsApp groups. (4) Supervision at the fitness center is conducted effectively. HRD and the team perform daily evaluations, while the manager conducts monthly evaluations alongside financial reports and target achievements.In conclusion, management at the Atlas Sport Club Fitness Center in Surabaya operates according to management functions. The study suggests that Atlas Sport Club should address infrastructure improvements for facilities that are beginning to deteriorate, and it is recommended that the fitness center add more equipment to support operations.

The revitalization of ancient buildings has an important role in preserving cultural heritage and also in developing the potential of art and architecture in Indonesia. In this research, the case study in this context will be the Dr. Saleh is in the city of Probolinggo, East Java. This museum was built in the 20th century and has high historical and architectural value. This research uses a qualitative approach in order to analyze the aesthetic, historical and social aspects of the building. By showing research results that the revitalization of museums can optimize their function as public spaces, increase the preservation of cultural heritage, and attract the interest of tourists. Through several art and educational programs, the Dr. Saleh was able to transform into a center of creativity that connects past and present generations. From the results of this analysis, it is recommended that revitalization be carried out while maintaining the original elements of the building, while adding several modern facilities that can support interaction with visitors. With this approach, the museum not only functions as a collection storage center but can also be used as an education and arts center that contributes to the development of local communities as well as tourism. It is also hoped that this research will be able to provide guidance for the revitalization of other historical buildings in Indonesia.

Public service is any form of service or service provided by a government or public institution to the public in general. Administrative services are intended to facilitate the needs of citizens in administrative matters such as identity cards, business permits and other administrative services. This study aims to analyze the performance of administrative services in Kantor Lurah Sei Putih Tengah and to observe any obstacles that are inhibiting the functional performance in this Lurah Office. It shows that there are still obstacles in the performance in the administrative service in Kantor Lurah Sei Putih Tengah. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach aimed at understanding in depth how and why a phenomenon occurs, as well as to dig the meaning contained in it from the point of view of the subject being studied. Data collection is done with interviews, observations, and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that the officers of the Kantor Lurah Sei Putih Tengah have performed their basic duties and functions fairly well. It's seen from the division of work that's not just accumulated in one of the officers. Lurah as head of office and secretary lurah as chief of office has done his job while monitoring and overseeing his employees. In terms of timing, it appears that the Lurah Sei White Office has already tried to complete the letter on time but there are still frequent delays because Lurah is often not in the office and can not sign the letter. In the case of typing also Lurah Sei White Central Office still frequently occur typing errors caused by the number of files that come in with the same deadline so that the lack of concentration resulted in typing mistakes to writing errors on the file. Kantor Lurah Sei Putih Tengah has performed its administrative tasks quite well but not to the maximum.  

This paper provides an introduction to computers, explaining their essential components, types, and functions. The study explores how computers have become an indispensable tool in daily life, from personal tasks to complex industrial processes. Emphasis is placed on understanding the basic hardware and software components, and the different types of computers available in the market today. The paper also highlights the importance of computer literacy in the modern era.

Russiva and Crookes proposed the widely used, highly efficient, robust Q-score parameter scale in their 1993 work, and they approximated it using "fast" Huber's M-scores. Shown What proposed us M-scores are highly efficient and robust on arbitrary nom distributions, thanks to correct choice parameter approximations. We pay particular attention to the Cauchy divisions  and cases of Gaussian distribution . Important terms: Cauchy's law, parameter scale, robustness, and Gaussian distribution With the Q-estimate as a foundation, the M-estimates of the scale parameter are very efficient and robust. Rousseeuw and Croux (1993) proposed the scale parameter of Q-estimate, which is often used with fast Huber M-estimates, and we were able to get rather close to it. By meticulously choosing the approximation parameters, we proved that the proposed M-estimates are efficient and resilient for any data distribution. In order to measure the robustness and efficiency of scale M estimates , we calculated their asymptotic variances; breakdown points , and influence functions. The Cauchy and Gaussian distributions were our main focus. Notably, the proposed robust estimate is consistent the Maximum likelihood estimation for the Cauchy distribution. Last but not least, these robust and efficient scale estimates need three to four times less computing time than their comparable Q-estimates. The research provides robust and efficient solutions for estimating distribution parameters more quickly and with less complexity, making them suitable for applications requiring fast and accurate computations.  

Closed house chicken coop is an innovation from the development of technology in the livestock sector. In closed house chicken coops, many arrangements and adjustments to environmental conditions in the chicken coop are carried out which are expected to increase broiler chicken production. In this study, researchers created a centralized control system on 2 closed house chicken coops to make it easier for broiler chicken entrepreneurs to monitor and control the closed house chicken coops owned by the entrepreneur through one place, without having to go directly to the closed house chicken coop to monitor and control the chicken coop which of course will be quite draining time and energy. This study uses Haiwell Cloud Scada as an interface device connected to the Arduino Nano microcontroller, DHT-22 sensor as a humidity and temperature detector sensor, MQ-135 sensor as an Ammonia gas detector, water level sensor as a reader of the remaining chicken drinking water level, IR sensor as a reader of the remaining chicken food level, DC fan which has 2 functions, namely inlet and exhaust in the chicken coop. Servo motor as a silo damper controller to fill chicken food from the silo to the chicken feeder located in the chicken coop.

The railway doorstop system functions to increase the safety of road users and avoid accidents at crossings. This journal discusses the design and implementation of a train doorstop system using Arduino Uno with supporting components such as servo motors, LED lights, resistors and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The simulation aims to automate the process of closing and opening gate latches based on the presence of trains, with results demonstrating the effectiveness of the system in improving safety at crossings.