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This article examines the history and development of the Islamization of education in Indonesia. This study aims to analyse Islamisation of education through Islamic education by looking at historical data that shape the patterns and characteristics of Islamic education in Indonesia, as well as identifying critical points that influence the direction of its development. The research uses the theory of historical institutionalism. Through a literature study with a qualitative approach, the research reveals that the development of Islamic education in Indonesia followed a strong path dependence pattern, where decisions in the colonial and early independence periods shaped a relatively stable institutional path. The findings show that the process of educational Islamization underwent institutional layering, where new elements were added without completely erasing the old structure. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of the dynamics of institutional change in the context of Islamic education in Indonesia.

Human identity is a complex and dynamic concept, formed through interactions within society and influenced by various factors, with culture as the main element in its formation. Culture includes outward elements such as language, clothing, and food, as well as values, norms, and belief systems that shape an individual's outlook on life and behavior. The process of cultural socialization that begins at birth through family, education and mass media plays an important role in shaping one's identity, both individually and collectively. This research aims to explore the role of culture in the formation of human identity, focusing on the influence of local and global cultures and cultural elements such as language, religion, and cultural symbols. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study, which collects data from written sources, including journal articles and books, to examine the relationship between culture and identity. The results show that culture has a fundamental role in shaping human identity, with cultural socialization as the main process in internalizing values and norms that shape behavior and outlook on life. In addition, globalization affects the dynamics of identity, creating the phenomenon of hybrid identities that reflect the fusion of local and global cultures.

Legal politics in the implementation of executive power in Indonesia, which is an integral part of the government system based on the constitution. Legal politics not only determines the direction and content of government policy, but also reflects the power relations between the executive, legislative and judicial institutions. This research aims to analyze how legal politics influences decision making at the executive level, with a focus on the role of the president in the presidential system, regulatory challenges, and political dynamics that influence the implementation of law in Indonesia. A qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods was used in this research, through literature review, analysis of legal documents, and evaluation of executive policies. The research results show that legal politics in Indonesia is characterized by challenges such as regulatory disharmony, the dominance of executive power in the presidential system, and political intervention in the legislative process. This situation has the potential to weaken the principles of rule of law and democracy. However, legal politics also functions as a transformation tool to strengthen fair, accountable and transparent governance. Legal political reform through harmonization of regulations, strengthening supervisory mechanisms, and empowering the community in the legislative process is very necessary to create a democratic and just legal system. This paper recommends the need to strengthen checks and balances between state institutions, consistent legal policies that are in line with the constitution, as well as legal education for the public so they can participate actively in the political process.

Adolescent mental health is an increasingly pressing issue, especially in educational settings. At SMP Negeri 5 Sumbawa Besar, many teenagers face mental health challenges, such as anxiety and depression, which can affect their well-being. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of peer group empowerment programs in improving adolescent mental health. Evaluation results showed a significant increase in students' knowledge about mental health after participating in the program, with more than 80% of students feeling more understanding about how to maintain mental health. In addition, this program successfully creates a supportive environment between peers that reduces feelings of loneliness and increases students' self-confidence. Thus, peer group empowerment has proven to be effective in improving the mental health of teenagers at SMP Negeri 5 Sumbawa Besar, as well as making a positive contribution to social dynamics at school. It is hoped that this program can become a model for other schools in efforts to promote adolescent mental health.

This qualitative literature review examines the key predictors of SME recovery from severe financial distress, focusing on financial blockages, employee dynamics, and turnaround success. The study synthesizes findings from various sources to highlight how financial challenges such as liquidity shortages and limited access to credit hinder recovery, while government support and alternative financing offer potential solutions. Additionally, employee engagement, organizational culture, and strategic leadership are identified as critical factors in successful turnaround efforts. SMEs that foster innovation, adaptability, and retain key employees are more likely to overcome financial crises. The review emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach, combining financial relief, strategic leadership, and organizational resilience, for long-term SME recovery. The findings suggest avenues for future research on the interaction of these factors and their context-specific impacts.

This study examines the opportunities and challenges in entrepreneurship of English courses for children in Indonesia, focusing on crucial issues such as fierce competition, limited resources, and changes in education policies. The main problem identified is the difficulty of course institutions in attracting parents' attention and retaining qualified teachers. This research aims to provide in-depth insight into market dynamics and strategies that entrepreneurs can apply. The research method used is a demographic study with data collection through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results show that despite the high demand for English language courses, challenges such as competition and resource constraints must be faced with innovation and effective collaboration. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of adaptation and development of appropriate programs to improve the competitiveness of course institutions.

This qualitative literature review explores the evolving relationship between corporate governance and corporate strategy, focusing on recent insights and identifying future research directions. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of studies from 2023–2024, the review highlights the pivotal role of governance mechanisms—such as board composition, accountability frameworks, and sustainability integration—in shaping strategic decision-making. Key findings reveal the increasing importance of diversity, long-term ownership structures, and adaptive governance practices in addressing global challenges. Furthermore, the study synthesizes the impacts of governance on strategic outcomes, emphasizing areas requiring further empirical exploration, such as the intersection of sustainability and innovation. This review contributes to the academic discourse by offering a consolidated perspective on governance-strategy dynamics while providing a roadmap for future research endeavors. Limitations and avenues for advancing the theoretical and practical understanding of this critical relationship are also discussed.

This qualitative literature review explores the relationship between internal governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Drawing insights from recent studies, the review identifies key governance elements—such as board independence, ethical leadership, and audit committees—that enhance CSR outcomes by fostering accountability and stakeholder alignment. Additionally, emerging governance trends, including digital tools and ESG integration, are examined to understand their impact on CSR performance. Comparative analysis highlights the contextual differences across industries and regions, emphasizing the role of cultural, regulatory, and institutional factors in shaping governance-CSR dynamics. The findings underscore the importance of robust and context-specific governance strategies to optimize CSR initiatives and achieve sustainable development. This review also discusses its limitations and suggests directions for future research, including the integration of emerging technologies and sector-specific analyses.

This study examines the understanding of religion in Muhammadiyah, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, with a focus on the methodology of thought grounded in the Qur'an and Sunnah. The research identifies the critical approach Muhammadiyah uses in understanding and practicing religious teachings, as well as how the organization responds to the challenges of the times through ijtihad and tajdid. The main concepts discussed include tawhid, worship, and sabilillah, as well as efforts to balance worldly and ukhrawi life. Through literature analysis, it was found that Muhammadiyah prioritizes rational and contextual understanding, encourages active participation in society, and rejects dogmatism. The results show that Muhammadiyah's approach contributes to social and educational development, and invites Muslims to integrate religious values with science. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of Muhammadiyah thought and its relevance in the modern context.

Cooperation between Indonesia and Japan in the automotive industry, particularly through the development of the Toyota Kijang, is an example of strategic collaboration that has successfully supported economic and technological growth. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of this bilateral cooperation, focusing on achievements and challenges in technology transfer, strengthening local industries, and the resulting socio-economic impacts. The research method uses a qualitative literature study that refers to theories of global political economy, mercantilism, international cooperation, and international business. The results show that Toyota Kijang has successfully become a symbol of innovation and economic integration between the two countries. However, dependence on Japanese technology, barriers to technology transfer, and unequal distribution of benefits are the main challenges. To overcome this, it is recommended that technology transfer policies be strengthened, collaboration between the education and industry sectors be made, international cooperation partners be diversified, and investment in green technology research increase. These steps are expected to improve the competitiveness of Indonesia's automotive industry and encourage more sustainable cooperation in the future.

This study examines the utilization of interactive PowerPoint as a learning media to enhance students' active participation in Pancasila subjects, specifically the material of Bhineka Tunggal Ika, using a descriptive qualitative research method. The primary objective of this study is to understand how interactive PowerPoint can be implemented in the learning process and how its use affects students' involvement in the classroom. The research was conducted at SMK PGRI 3 Kota Serang involving 43 tenth-grade multimedia students and one Pancasila teacher as participants. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with teachers and students, observations during the learning process, and analysis of documentation related to the implementation of interactive PowerPoint. Observations were conducted to assess classroom dynamics, student participation levels, and interactions that occurred during learning sessions. The results of the analysis indicate that the use of interactive PowerPoint significantly increased student involvement in learning. Students showed greater interest and actively participated in discussions and activities presented through PowerPoint. Teachers also reported that the material delivered with the help of interactive PowerPoint was easier to understand and more interesting for students. Several PowerPoint features, such as interactive quizzes and animations, proved effective in facilitating the understanding of the concept of Bhineka Tunggal Ika. This study concludes that interactive PowerPoint is an effective tool for enhancing students' active participation in Pancasila learning. The use of this media not only increases student involvement but also assists teachers in delivering material in a more engaging and interactive manner. These findings provide valuable insights into the integration of technology in education and offer recommendations for the development of more innovative learning methods.  

Digitization has driven information technology to become a fundamental foundation in facilitating human tasks across various aspects, including governance. This study focuses on the implementation of the Online Public Service Application (PRO) Denpasar as part of e-government implementation in Denpasar City. The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the PRO Denpasar application in improving the quality of public services, identify implementation challenges, and formulate improvement strategies based on a SWOT analysis. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method as the issues examined are social and dynamic in nature. This method enables researchers to explore phenomena in-depth by gathering information from various perspectives. The qualitative approach provides flexibility in understanding the social context and the dynamics of interactions between individuals or groups related to the phenomenon being studied. The results indicate that although the public satisfaction level with the application exceeds 80%, several challenges remain, such as uneven socialization, digital divides, and slow responses from relevant parties. The proposed strategies include developing a collaboration-based digital platform, enhancing data security, and implementing digital inclusion programs. This research underscores the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration and continuous innovation to support the success of e-government.

This paper examines the influence of Qatar’s Islamic identity on its policies during the 2022 FIFA World Cup, with a focus on LGBTQ rights. Using a constructivist approach, the study explores how Qatar’s adherence to Islamic principles, particularly Sharia law, shaped its regulations and responses to international pressures. Qatar's prohibition of LGBTQ symbols, despite assurances of safety for all attendees, including the LGBTQ community, drew significant criticism from Western nations and human rights organizations. The study highlights the tension between Qatar’s cultural and religious values and global expectations surrounding inclusivity and human rights. It also explores the broader implications of Qatar’s policies, reflecting its challenge of balancing traditional Islamic values while hosting a global event. Ultimately, this research sheds light on the complexities of cultural diplomacy and the difficulties nations like Qatar face in navigating conflicting global and local norms.

According to Dermawan D & Rahyuningsih, T (2010), gastritis is not a single disease, but several conditions that refer to stomach inflammation. Usually this inflammation is the result of a bacterial infection which can cause stomach ulcers, namely Helicobacter Pylory and is the only bacteria that lives in the stomach. Unhealthy lifestyles such as consuming foods that can stimulate an increase in stomach acid, such as pickles, vinegar, chili sauce, as well as smoking and drinking alcohol, can increase the number of gastritis sufferers. Gastritis is one of the most common digestive tract health problems.  The aim is to find out risk factors regarding the influence of irregular eating patterns.  Method The type of research used is descriptive analytical observational. The approach method used is a cross sectional approach, which is research to study the dynamics of the correlation between risk factors and effects, by approaching, observing or collecting data at one time (point time approach). (Notoatmodjo, 2010). Research findings found that the majority of female respondents showed poor eating patterns. Implications: Knowledge of gastritis risk factors is very important to form a healthy eating pattern, which has an impact on stomach health.

Goals Performance measurement is a process used to assess the extent to which an individual or organization has achieved the goals that have been set. Existing research explains the relationship between price, promotion, satisfaction, and loyalty, but many aim to explore one aspect without considering the dynamics of the interaction between price and promotion. In some contexts, lower prices are not always matched by high levels of satisfaction, indicating the need for further research. The Balanced Scorecard method can also be used to measure company performance. PT Dunkin Donat is a private company operating in the well-known food and beverage sector. To be able to have an advantage in rapid business competition, PT Dunkin Donat Unggul needs to have an appropriate performance measurement system framework. The following are the research results: 1). Service: The service provided by Dunkin Donuts is considered quite good for consumer needs, 2). Facilities: the facilities provided to consumers are considered quite good in terms of cleanliness and comfort, 3). Menu: the menu served by Dunkin Donuts is quite good because there are various types of menus that suit consumer tastes, dan 4). Appearance: the appearance of Dunkin Donuts employees is quite good because they look attractive so that consumers feel comfortable.

This study aims to discuss the dynamics of the Indang Tagak dance ecosystem in Jorong Sampu Nagari Lubuk Gadang Utara, South Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province. The research method used is a qualitative method that is descriptive analysis. The theory used is Sal Murgianto's thoughts on healthy dance life in the dance environment itself and the theory of form by Y Sumandio Hadi. This theory is used to discuss the form of Indang Tagak dance performances in Jorong Sampu Nagari Lubuk Gadang Utara. The results of this study indicate that the Indang Tagak dance ecosystem in Jorong Sampu Nagari Lubuk Gadang Uatara, South Solok Regency has decreased. the dance ecosystem that is not given much attention by the local community and government agencies in South Solok Regency, so that there is an imbalance in the life of the dance itself in the South Solok community.

The Introduction to Schooling Field Program (PLP) is a key component in preparing prospective educators with the practical skills needed to face challenges in the world of education. This study aims to explore the role of PLP in improving the competence of prospective educators at SMP Swasta Daya Cipta Medan. Through the PLP program, prospective educators are able to apply the theories learned in college in a real context at school, from observing the learning process to participating in extracurricular activities. PLP also provides opportunities for prospective educators to develop pedagogical, professional, and social competencies through direct interaction with teachers, students, and school staff. This research uses a field research approach with a qualitative descriptive design that aims to describe the phenomena that occur. The main informant in this study was the principal, while supporting informants consisted of the vice principal for curriculum, the head of administration, teachers, and school staff. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation methods, which were then analyzed using data analysis techniques to review, reduce, draw conclusions, and use triangulation to ensure data validity. This study found that PLP not only enriched students' theoretical knowledge, but also strengthened their skills in managing classes, developing lesson plans, and adapting to various challenges in the field. The PLP program at SMP Daya Cipta Medan contributes significantly in shaping educators who are competent and ready to face the dynamics of the world of education, as well as being able to make a positive contribution to the development of education in Indonesia.

Language serves as a fundamental tool for human communication. On social media platforms like YouTube, various forms of expression utilize both direct and indirect language. Language acts as a symbol shaped by human experiences that are intrinsically linked to behavior and action. This concept illustrates that everything in the human mind can be expressed through written and spoken words. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, employing the "simak catat" technique for data collection. The objective is to document locutionary speech acts present in Indonesian language learning videos from Arisa Nur Aini's YouTube channel. A total of 189 locutionary speech acts were recorded, consisting of 130 declarative locutions, 32 interrogative locutions, and 27 imperative locutions. The analysis focuses on both the linguistic and pedagogical aspects that contribute to the teaching and learning process. It emphasizes the impact of speech acts on students' understanding and engagement during learning activities. The findings of this study aim to offer new insights for researchers interested in exploring the dynamics of communication in online learning environments. Additionally, the information gathered can serve as a significant reference for developing more effective teaching methodologies.

Development through community participation in villages is one of the efforts to empower the potential of village communities in planning development related to local resource potentials. The research questions in this study are: (1) How is the community participation in the development of Merbaun Village, West Amarasi Subdistrict, Kupang Regency? (2) What factors may hinder the success of community participation in village development in Merbaun Village, West Amarasi Subdistrict, Kupang Regency?  This research is a juridical-empirical study with a qualitative approach, using primary data collection techniques through interviews. Secondary data was obtained through literature studies.  The results of the study show that community participation in Merbaun Village development can be analyzed through three stages: planning, implementation, and supervision. Each stage shows different dynamics and levels of participation. (1) Planning Stage: At this stage, community participation is considered high. The village government conducts a development planning deliberation (Musdus) to absorb the aspirations of the community. Interview results show that the community is actively providing input and suggestions, reflecting a strong motivation and concern for the proposed development programs. (2) Implementation Stage: In contrast to the planning stage, the level of community participation in the implementation of development drops significantly. Although the village government opens opportunities for mutual cooperation (gotong-royong), community attendance is inadequate, with many absent. This indicates a lack of understanding and awareness among the community regarding the importance of their participation in the physical activities that have been agreed upon. (3) Supervision Stage: The supervision of the development also shows a lack of participation. The community should be involved in monitoring and evaluating development programs. However, most of the community members do not understand their role in the supervision process, as revealed in the interviews.The study suggests that community participation in the development of Merbaun Village should be increased to make development outcomes more effective and sustainable, in accordance with the principles outlined in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages.

The use of glottal sounds is a unique feature of the Madurese language, serving as both a phonological marker and a linguistic identity. This study aims to analyze the patterns of glottal sound usage in the speech of students at Muhammadiyah University of Jember, focusing on formal and informal contexts. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, in-depth interviews, and analysis of speech recordings. Results reveal that glottal sounds are more frequently used in informal communication than in formal settings, reflecting the speakers' social and cultural dynamics. These findings provide important insights into how regional languages are preserved in academic environments and contribute to the efforts of preserving the Madurese language.