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This article is to review and analyze the forms of violation of originality rights in the context of video works and the efforts made by content creators if their originality rights are violated. this research identifies forms of Copyright infringement, especially related to reuploads without attribution or watermarks, as well as actions that can be taken by content creators in response to such violations, The research method used is a normative legal approach with a focus on analyzing primary and secondary legal materials through literature study. The results show that violations of originality rights often occur in various forms, such as unauthorized use, reproduction without significant changes, and unauthorized modification of original works. However, the main challenges in enforcing originality rights are the difficulty in identifying infringements in a timely manner and the cost and time involved in the enforcement process. cooperation between digital platforms, policymakers, and the creator community is needed to create a fairer and more supportive environment for creators to maintain the integrity of their original works and more effective efforts are needed to support video content creators to protect their originality rights in this digital era.

In achieving good education knowledge is strongly influenced by the performance of teachers in carrying out their duties so that teacher performance becomes an important demand to achieve the success of educators. The purpose of this study was to determine the efforts in improving the teaching performance of teachers at SMAN 4 Medan. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with literature study research method. The results of this study explain that the factors that support the performance of teachers of SMAN 4 Medan such as, the effectiveness and efficiency of the performance of teachers of SMAN 4 Medan is less supportive of the learning system applied, Orientation and Responsibility of teachers of SMAN 4 Medan giving assignments/activities to their students is considered less on target, discipline in punctuality and work discipline, the initiative of teachers of SMAN 4 Medan in carrying out their duties is considered less good enough but teachers as much as possible carry out their goals as a teacher by always thinking positively and trying to attract students' interest in learning. Efforts to improve teacher performance can be done by coaching, supervising teacher work, providing motivation, and evaluating teacher performance.

There has been delinquency among some students at SMP Negeri 2 Sompak. Examples of student delinquency that often occur are skipping school during class hours, smoking during class hours or outside class hours, and not having responsibility for doing school work or homework given by the teacher. Therefore, Christian religious education teachers are needed to educate, teach and guide students so that acts of delinquency do not occur again. The aim of the research is to explain the importance of PAK teachers in overcoming the delinquency of Christian students at SMP Negeri 2 Sompak so that students become role models for their family, church and the Indonesian nation they love. The author uses qualitative research methods using observation, interviews, documentation and literature techniques. The results found were that if PAK teachers were more committed and responsible in dealing with the delinquency of Christian students, then Christian students would increasingly experience changes in their lives from acts of delinquency. Conclusion: Religious Education teachers who serve at SMP Negeri 2 Sompak must be committed and responsible in overcoming the delinquency of Christian students at SMP Negeri 2 Sompak so that students are able to show commendable attitudes in family, church, national and state life now and forever.

The law of kamma is a core Buddhist doctrine explaining moral causality grounded in intentional action (cetana). Amid contemporary moral challenges dishonesty, aggression, low self-control, and weakened character education Buddhist moral education requires an internal basis that is both ethically clear and psychologically workable. This article examines how understanding kamma functions as a conceptual foundation for moral transformation, self-regulation, and behavioral improvement in Buddhist character education. Using a qualitative literature review, the study synthesizes canonical teachings and peer‑reviewed research in Buddhist ethics and moral psychology. Findings indicate that a non‑fatalistic understanding of kamma strengthens moral awareness, personal responsibility, reflective judgment, shame and moral dread (hiri–ottappa), and sustained self‑control. Integrating kamma within character education supports disciplined conduct (sīla), mindfulness‑based self‑management, and prosocial behavior that remains stable across contexts.

The presence of Cash Waqf Linked Deposit (CWLD) in 2023 which is used for education is a development point for productive waqf, where previously the government had issued Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) as a waqf instrument with various uses including in the sustainable development sector, as well as the encouragement for the Islamic financial industry in secreening financing to protect the environment. Because of this, a special study is needed regarding whether CWLD can be used for sustainable development according to Indonesian law. This scientific work is included in normative jurisprudence, so that in compiling descriptive analysis used with a literature study approach, utilising legal sources of legislation and other scientific works. The research results obtained, namely The opportunity to apply CWLD benefits to the sustainable sector is supported by a legal structure that has synergised to develop waqf. Regulations issued by agencies and the Islamic financial industry. The legal culture of gotong royong that has been rooted in society is an additional value in the development of waqf. However, the weakness lies in the absence of CWLD product development in the sustainable development sector and the absence of specific regulations governing CWLD. The next challenge is to maintain the synergy between stakeholders in the legal structure, formulate specific regulations related to CWLD, and increase the inclusion and literacy of Islamic finance through socialisation, so that the development of productive waqf and the Islamic finance industry can continue to increase.

This study discusses Sexual Abuse in Children. This research is a qualitative research with a literature review approach. In this study, research data were obtained from one source, namely secondary data in the form of journal articles, books, conference papers, theses, and other sources, authors can produce a scientific work that has several main points from the title above. Some of these points are understanding the concept of reducing sexual activity in children and efforts to prevent sexual deception in children.

Education is a process of educating individuals to achieve certain goals in the form of positive change. Children need guidance and supervision from parents because children's lives are the parents' responsibility. However, the fact is that in general some parents pay little attention to their children's learning because they are busy with their work and lack of supporting learning facilities. This research aims to determine the importance of parental assistance in increasing motivation to study from home during the Covid-19 pandemic for children aged 10-12 years in Sentagi hamlet. The research methods used are qualitative, observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The results of the research obtained are that children aged 10-12 years when studying during the Covid-19 pandemic really need parental assistance, so that the online learning process can run smoothly. The need for optimal parental assistance is because children were sent home when Covid-19 hit the world, including Indonesia. So, parents are increasingly providing assistance to their children aged 10-12 years in participating in the online learning process, so the learning process will run smoothly because the teachers teach online, including giving assignments to be done online too.      

This study examines approaches to social media use of TikTok in elementary schools, focusing on safety, education, and positive impact. In an increasingly digitally connected environment, children face increased opportunities and risks associated with social media use. The aim of this study is to develop appropriate approach strategies to help students understand how to use her TikTok in a balanced and safe manner. Research methods include literature research on children's social media use and analysis of educational policies related to social media in elementary schools.The results demonstrate the need for educational approaches that focus on positive creativity, digital awareness, and online safety. The proposed approach includes educational sessions, workshops, and training sessions involving students, teachers, and parents. Public relations takes into account age restrictions, privacy settings, and the positive and negative effects of online activity.  The role of teachers and school staff in monitoring and supporting students in the digital world will also be strengthened. The implementation of this outreach strategy aims to create a supportive, educational and safe environment for the u. se of the social media TikTok among primary school children, thereby bridging the gap between technological development and child protection

Cross-sector land registration is land registration with subsidized assistance for low- income people who work in small and medium enterprises, SMEs, agriculture, fishermen, and fish farmers, in this case financing land rights certification services at the land office. That is how the issue is stated. (1) How Kupang City should go about implementing cross-sector land registration. (2) What are the challenges facing Kupang City in adopting cross-sector land registration? (3) How may cross-sector land registration be implemented in Kupang City? Empirical research is the methodology employed, and data is gathered through a literature review and interviewing 20 respondents. The findings of the study demonstrate (1) Kupang City's cross-sector land registration implementation procedure. Cross-sector land registration is implemented sporadically, making it a cross-sectoral process. sector comes before the gathering of legal data. (2) Obstacles to the implementation of cross-sector land registration in Kupang City include many incomplete documents, absences during the socialization of land title certificates, and problems with the applicant's land. (3) The solution to the obstacles to implementing cross-sector land registration is that the land authorities carry out monitoring and evaluation every week From the onset to the conclusion of the cross-sector implementation, and the community participates more in cross- sector implementation activities. This research has led to the following conclusions: (1) cross-sector land registration implementation Planning, negotiation, team building, gathering legal data, certification, and reporting are the phases of implementation that will take place in Kupang City based on the decision made by the head of the Kupang City Land Office. (2) Barriers to the implementation of cross-sector land registration In Kupang City, obstacles occur internally and externally, internal land parties must build relationships with related agencies and externally there are still many incomplete files, lack of community participation and land problems. (3) How to get around roadblocks in the way of Kupang's cross-sector land registration implementation; how to have officers be more proactive in reaching out to pertinent agencies and supplying information about cross-sector land registration.

Poetry is a form of a variety of literature and language that is bound by rhythm, meter, rhyme, as well as the arrangement of lines and stanzas, and based on its types, poetry has several types of narrative, lyric, and descriptive. The relationship between types of poetry and writing poetry is that poetry is a literary work that contains the poet's responses and opinions about various things. Students prefer to rewrite poetry that has been presented in books, so research on the suitability of the title and content needs to be carried out to develop students' abilities. The poems written by students in this research were poetry compositions that they wrote themselves. What is related to cohesion in student poetry starts from diction. Choosing the right and appropriate words to express an idea or thought. Poetry is the result of a poet's interpretation of life. This is how. Using Indonesian, the words literature, susastra, literature and literature have different meanings. The word literature used to be written as literature, but as language developed it was later written as literature. The word literature comes from Sanskrit, namely from the root word cas and the addition -tra. The word cas means 'to teach', while the suffix -tra means 'tool'. So, castra means 'tool for teaching'.

PAK teachers as individuals play an important role in improving student learning achievement. To improve learning achievement, PAK teachers must also play an active role in schools, in educating, teaching, directing and arousing students' enthusiasm for learning. Then PAK teachers should find out what causes students to be less interested in learning, thereby causing a decline in students' learning achievement. Lack of awareness of students' learning in learning: namely the lack of special attention from PAK teachers, the students' environment at school, and the students' environmental habits, so that students are still at school. The aim of writing this scientific work is to determine the role of PAK teachers in improving student learning achievement at SMP Negeri 3 Sompak. The research methodology used is qualitative, literature study, observation and interviews. Students need to improve their learning achievements, so they can get good results. To get good results in learning, the attention of PAK teachers is needed in encouraging students to study actively.

Mathematics learning has a significant role in student character building, with the main objective of developing logical, rational, critical, creative, systematic, and practical thinking patterns. However, there are still challenges in achieving this goal, such as lack of student interest, learning difficulties, and the availability of adequate resources. This article discusses the role of mathematics learning in students' character building and the importance of integrating mathematics learning with character building. Through a qualitative method with a literature study approach, data were taken from various sources such as journals, books, news, and other scientific research using the Google Scholar database with the keywords mathematics and student character from 2019 to 2024. The results showed that mathematics learning can shape students' character through the development of values such as discipline, honesty, hard work, creativity, curiosity, responsibility, communicative, and independence. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to improve the quality of mathematics learning, taking into account the needs and interests of students and utilizing available learning technologies and resources. Collaboration between teachers, students, parents and other related parties is also important to create a conducive learning environment that supports students' development in mathematics.

In an effort to enhance the relevance of learning and student engagement, the integration of events into the Social Science curriculum (IPS) has been the focus of attention. This research will examine methods and outcomes related to the integration of current events into the IPS curriculum and how it affects learning. By analyzing relevant literature, this study shows that integrating current events has great potential to improve students' understanding of IPS concepts, their motivation to learn, and their level of involvement in the learning process. Moreover, integrating recent events can help create a learning environment that is closer to the student's everyday life. However, issues such as the availability of resources and the balance between local and global issues must be addressed in order to integrate current events. The results of this study have significant consequences for those working in the field of education, especially IPS teachers in designing learning strategies that can enhance the relevance and involvement of students in IPS learning.

The aim of the Teaching Campus activity program for students at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education is as a means for students to prepare themselves to become quality educators, and also to create the identity of an educator as well as to increase their knowledge about education. What will be done in carrying out the Teaching Campus program activities are debriefing, observing the school environment, observing learning in class and activities for forming work programs. The school situation certainly has many obstacles in educating its students. Therefore, prospective educators must be able to understand, and also find and search for various solutions to problems that have been observed in various ways which are of course fast and accurate. The situations we find in school and in learning often result in discrepancies from the learning plans expected by an educator. Therefore, an educator has other ways to carry out learning so that learning can be said to be successful and according to plan. Therefore, it is necessary to be close to students as a way for us to know the nature and characteristics of each student so that it can help to overcome problems that exist when learning takes place. When finding problems, prospective educators create ways to minimize various obstacles by using various learning methods which include interactive, active and interesting methods which aim to motivate students so that they are active in the classroom. Apart from these methods, prospective educators must teach various materials which are of course relevant to students' daily lives.

This study examines the theoretical basis of the Nebis In Idem principle in civil cases, especially in class actions and how the basis for the Judges' consideration in applying the Nebis In Idem principle in Class Action Decisions, where the method of approach used in this scientific work is normative juridical, namely research that analyzes laws and regulations with literature studies. Using primary source study materials in the form of regulations, while secondary legal materials include books, articles from accredited journals, besides that tertiary legal materials consist of legal dictionaries.  This journal begins with a formulation of the meaning of the application of the Nebis In Idem principle.  Then describes descriptively the relationship between Article 10 of PERMA No. 1 of 2002 concerning Class Action Procedures with Article 1917 of the Civil Code. It can be concluded that the theoretical basis of this principle is solely to provide legal protection for a person's human rights, so that a person is not tried for the same case and prioritizes legal certainty and does not let the government repeatedly talk about the same event.

The quality of labor and supervision of labor is an important aspect in the success of an organization or company. Good workforce quality greatly influences the productivity, efficiency and overall performance of the organization. On the other hand, labor inspection plays a key role in ensuring that workers carry out their duties according to established standards, as well as ensuring compliance with existing policies and procedures. This research aims to analyze the relationship between labor quality and labor supervision in the context of a modern work environment. The research method used involves a comprehensive literature review to explore concepts, theories and practices related to these two aspects. The results of the analysis show that there is a close relationship between labor quality and labor supervision, where effective supervision can improve labor quality and vice versa. The implication of this research is that it is important for companies to develop effective monitoring strategies to ensure optimal workforce quality, which in turn will contribute to achieving overall organizational goals.    

This policy paper examines the problem of still not optimal efforts to fulfill staff at Primary Health Care, which is indicated by the large number of staff vacancies at Primary Health Care, starting from the planning stage to staff placement. Based on the problems above, policy recommendations that can be implemented to accelerate the fulfillment of medical personnel and health workers in Primary Health Care, namely formulating new regulations that regulate the restructuring of the management of medical personnel and health workers as well as regulations that give authority to the Central Government (Menkes) to issue Practice Permits (SIP) so that it can expand the reach of health facilities according to needs The research method used is a descriptive approach from data on the availability of Primary Health Care and the number of health workers from the Ministry of Health, as well as secondary data based on performance report documents and literature studies of other documents from various sources. Accelerating equal distribution of health workers is carried out through cross-sectoral collaboration. Meanwhile, by paying attention to various aspects so that the efforts made can comprehensively encourage the achievement of the desired goals, possible policy options consist of filling health workers in Primary Health Care with the Government Employee with Work Agreement (PPPK) scheme, a policy of redistributing health workers from excess areas to areas that lack certain types of health workers, arranging practice permits, determining incentive indices for health workers, career development for health workers, cross-program and cross-sector collaboration, and fulfilling health facilities in one package with fulfilling health workers. The Ministry of Health and cross-sectoral support in accelerating the fulfillment of medical personnel and health workers in Primary Health Care to formulate new regulations governing the restructuring of the management of medical personnel and health workers as well as regulations that give authority to the Central Government (Menkes) to issue SIPs so that they can expand the reach of health facilities according to needs.

Research with literature studies is still rarely carried out, therefore in this article we want to know about the External Radiation Radiotherapy Technique in Cervical Cancer Cases with 3D-CRT (3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy): This literature discusses the application of the 3D-CRT external radiation radiotherapy technique in treatment cervical cancer. 3D-CRT is a method that allows external radiation exposure from more than one side,possiblemore appropriate radiation dose according to the shape and location of the tumor. This study also lists other techniques such as Brachytherapy, IMRT, and 2D in the treatment of cervical cancer. Photon Dose Distribution Using 3D-CRT and IMRT Techniques in Cervical Cancer Therapy: This research discusses photon dose distribution in the Treatment Planning System (TPS) using 3DCRT and IMRT techniques for cervical cancer therapy. This provides insight into the comparison between the two techniques in delivering appropriate radiation doses to the tumor target. 6 MV Energy Linac Radiotherapy Against Cervical Cancer: This journal discusses the use of radiotherapy on a Linac aircraft with a 6 MV energy photon beam using the 3DCRT technique in the treatment of cervical cancer. This technique helps deliver the right dose of radiation according to the target area. The literature above provides information about external radiotherapy techniques, including 3D-CRT, in the treatment of cervical cancer. They help understand the role and application of this technique in cervical cancer treatment.    

The cultivation and reinforcement of character values in the present time are crucial to address the moral crisis, especially during adolescence. In this age range, teenagers are in the process of seeking their identity, exhibiting excessive courage, prioritizing peer relationships, desiring recognition, developing an interest in the opposite sex, and often being unrealistic. These values are inseparable from the teachings about the triune nature of God and His work. This article aims to explain the role of Christian Religious Education in character formation. The writing employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing data collection techniques based on literature studies or references and observations that focus on the process and meaning of Christian Religious Education. It plays a significant role in shaping students’ character in the current era of globalization. 

Legal protection and human rights for workers are basic rights guaranteed by the constitution. The impact of the development of information technology through online buying and selling has created new jobs such as expedited couriers. However, the lack of protection, especially regarding Occupational Safety and Health (OHS), creates inequality of rights for expedition courier workers. This research aims to explore the legal protection arrangements, especially in the aspect of OHS, for expedition courier workers, with reference to the principles of Pancasila justice. The research method uses a statutory and conceptual approach, with the collection of legal materials through literature studies with legal material analysis techniques used in this legal research is deduction reasoning. The principles of Pancasila justice require regulation in accordance with the values of Pancasila. The lack of regulations covering OHS for couriers results in inequality of rights and frequent work accidents. Therefore, revision of the Occupational Safety regulation needs to be carried out by prioritizing the values of Pancasila justice to ensure the safety of workers, including expedition couriers. The government needs to review the Occupational Safety Law to cover new types of work, such as gojek and expedition services, in accordance with the justice values of Pancasila as the Ideology of the Indonesian nation