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The Indonesian film Kang Mak, directed by Herwin Novianto, effectively utilizes camera angle techniques to support the narrative and depict emotional dynamics as well as local culture. This article aims to analyze the application of various camera angle techniques, including close-up, low angle, high angle, and wide shot, in enhancing characterization, conflict, and cultural themes presented in the film. The close-up technique is used to highlight the characters' emotions, while low and high angles strategically depict dominance, power, and vulnerability of the main characters. Additionally, the use of wide shots allows the audience to appreciate the beauty of local culture and the social setting that shapes the story. This study demonstrates how cinematographic techniques, particularly camera angles, can enrich the film's narrative, deepen character development, and reinforce cultural messages. The analysis provides insights into the significance of cinematography in creating an authentic and emotional visual experience in contemporary Indonesian cinema.

The epistemology of Islamic theology (kalam) explores the nature, sources, methods, and validity of knowledge within an Islamic framework, balancing reason and revelation. In kalam thought, rationalism with deductive-metaphysical logic dominates, though revelation remains the primary foundation. The debate between the Mu'tazilite school, emphasizing reason, and the Ash'arite school, prioritizing revelation, highlights its epistemological dynamics. However, reliance on bayani reasoning, centered on textual authority, often restricts critique and renewal. Additionally, Islamic theology struggles with limited engagement with empirical reality due to insufficient application of the correspondence theory, which evaluates truth based on factual evidence. The deductive approach of the coherence theory often falls short in addressing contemporary issues, prompting some thinkers to adopt intuitive, Sufistic methods. Criticism of this stagnation has spurred calls for reformulating Islamic theology to address globalization and modernity. To remain relevant, Islamic theology must develop a more contextual and holistic methodology, integrating deductive, inductive, and empirical approaches. By fostering critical analysis and practical solutions, it can continue to serve as a vital tool for developing adaptive and relevant Islamic thought in every era.

This study aims to analyze the Timor Leste conflict from various conflict theory perspectives. By understanding the motives and dynamics underlying the conflict, it is expected to provide deeper insight into the causes and consequences of the Indonesian invasion and its impact on the Timorese people. This study uses a library method with the intention of collecting and analyzing information from various written sources related to theories of international relations and the dynamics of social conflict, starting with topic identification, literature collection, and ending with analysis and synthesis of information to find patterns and relationships between theories and phenomena studied. The results of the study show that the Timor Leste conflict from the Republic of Indonesia between 1975 and 1999 can be analyzed through various conflict theory perspectives, including Realism, Constructivism, and Marxism Theory. Realism Theory helps explain the Indonesian military invasion as an effort to defend national interests, while Constructivism Theory highlights the role of identity and norms in the struggle for independence of the Timorese people. On the other hand, Marxist Theory reveals that economic injustice and social class differences play an important role in triggering conflict. By understanding these three theories, this research provides deeper insights into the causes and dynamics of conflict, and identifies steps that can be taken to achieve a just and sustainable resolution.

This study explores the factors influencing customer satisfaction in Indonesia's IT talent provider industry through a qualitative empirical analysis. Employing secondary data sources such as academic literature, industry reports, and customer feedback, the research identifies key drivers of satisfaction, including project-based work setups, client involvement, teamwork dynamics, the nature of work, and employee engagement. Findings suggest that customer satisfaction is a multifaceted concept influenced by effective communication, cohesive teamwork, and robust talent management strategies. The study underscores the need for IT talent providers to adopt comprehensive approaches to enhance service quality, retain skilled professionals, and meet evolving client demands, thereby strengthening their competitive position.

Fish growth refers to the growth of body size which includes length and weight, as well as the development of fish body tissues within a certain period of time.Growth does not only occur in a physical sense but also includes biological and physiological changes in the fish body.In an ecological context, fish growth is related to the ability to survive, adapt, and reproduce in an environment with various internal and external factors.The implementation of the practicum of population dynamics and fish stock assessment was carried out in the Nias University building, room 2 of the Faculty of Science and Technology. The morphometric measurements were carried out by measuring the total length, stag length and standard length.The total length was measured from the distance between the tip of the head end and the tip of the caudal fin back.Growth of strange mackerel through the relationship between length and weight using the growth formula expressed in the form of a linear regression equation. The equation obtained from the analysis of measurement data shows the length-weight relationship with the equation Y 2.8771x-1.7473 and R2 value of 0.6688. The coefficient b value of 1.7473 indicates that mackerel has a negative allometric growth pattern, which means weight gain. Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) is the main indicator of fish growth and health based on the results of morphometric studies that show variations in length and weight.

This study explores the intricate interplay between competitive advantage, customer focus strategies, and customer satisfaction within the service industry, emphasizing a human-centered approach to organizational development. Through a comprehensive literature review, the research highlights the transformative potential of aligning strategic initiatives with human values and emotional resonance. It underscores the importance of cultivating meaningful relationships with customers to create sustainable competitive advantages that extend beyond traditional economic metrics. The findings reveal that customer satisfaction is deeply rooted in both functional service excellence and emotional connections. By leveraging insights from customer experiences, organizations can design tailored strategies that resonate with individual needs and aspirations. Furthermore, the research demonstrates how customer-centric approaches influence broader organizational culture, fostering environments that prioritize empathy, innovation, and authentic human engagement. This study contributes to the theoretical discourse by framing competitive advantage as a human endeavor and offers practical implications for service organizations aiming to achieve operational excellence while honoring the human dimensions of service delivery. The integration of strategic, operational, and tactical levels forms a cohesive framework for achieving enduring success through genuine customer relationships and continuous adaptation to evolving market dynamics.

In the digital era, universities face challenges in enhancing brand awareness amidst increasing competition. Utilizing digital analytics in data-driven marketing communication strategies becomes crucial to achieve this goal. This study aims to analyze the role of digital analytics in designing effective marketing communication strategies to boost university brand awareness. The research method employed is a literature review, gathering and analyzing various sources related to this topic. The findings indicate that integrating digital analytics enables universities to gain deep insights into audience behavior and preferences, allowing for the crafting of more targeted marketing messages. Additionally, the use of digital analytics assists in measuring the effectiveness of marketing campaigns in real-time, facilitating more responsive strategy adjustments to market dynamics. The implications of this study highlight the importance for universities to adopt digital analytics technology in their marketing communication efforts to enhance brand awareness and competitiveness in the digital age.

This article aims to explain how the presence of Islamic houses of worship called mosques in Indonesia in the context of Indonesia's diverse religious landscape. It highlights the role of mosques not only as centers of religious practice but also as vital community centers that foster social cohesion and spiritual development. This study emphasizes the importance of complying with government regulations regarding the establishment of religious buildings, as outlined in the Joint Ministerial Regulation (PMB) No. 9 and 8 of 2006, which aims to maintain public order in a pluralistic society. Through qualitative-descriptive methods, this study analyzes various sources to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics surrounding religious practices and the legal framework that governs them in Indonesia. Ultimately, this study underlines the need for tolerance and mutual respect among different religions to promote harmony in a multicultural country.

The pandemic has globally become a turning point for social change. Including, the learning process and communication practices becoming more integrated with digital media. This study aims to understand undergraduate students' engagement with media in the post-pandemic era in Indonesia. Drawing on mediatization, this study uses surveys, interviews, and students’ daily notes to collect data. The researcher then visualizes data using Nvivo. Informants are 92 undergraduate students who wrote a daily note from 16th March to June 6th, 2024. The findings show an interrelation between undergraduate students' social dynamics, communication practice, and media engagement. This study reveals distinct patterns in media engagement among Indonesian students that were not previously documented, particularly regarding their adaptation to hybrid learning environments. Government regulations regarding social restrictions do not limit students’ social interaction and learning process. Students’ social interaction and communication practice become more embedded into media usage. The communication practices that are increasingly engaging with media keep continuing even after the pandemic is over. Media are converged so that students do not adopt or are dominated by one type of media. Likewise, students can get information from different types of media.

This study delves into an integrative management approach within the context of Wimarion Hotel, with a dual focus on augmenting guest satisfaction and enhancing financial viability. Through the incorporation of pivotal factors encompassing front office services, pricing dynamics, customer communication strategies, interior design aesthetics, and overarching business strategies, the research endeavors to pinpoint variables that can be optimized to synergistically boost employee productivity and fiscal gains. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional methodology, data was gathered from a sample of 100 randomly chosen hotel patrons via questionnaire dissemination. Analysis underscores a statistically significant positive correlation between guest satisfaction, financial profitability, and the realization of an integrated management framework. These findings underscore the imperative of adopting comprehensive strategies in hotel administration, underscoring the intrinsic linkages between guest contentment and fiscal prosperity in achieving overarching management cohesion

This research aims to investigate the relationship between conflict management strategies and team performance in the Khas Hotel industry. Against the backdrop of the unique team dynamics and potential for conflict in the hospitality environment, this research focuses on deeper understanding to improve the effectiveness of conflict management and team performance. The research method used is a mixed approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. Through surveys and interviews with hotel managers and staff, data was collected and analyzed to identify patterns and relationships between the variables studied. The research findings indicate an influence between implemented conflict management strategies and team performance, with important implications for practitioners in the hospitality industry in improving human resource management and team productivity.

Globalization affects the fast-moving aspects of industrialization both at the central and regional levels, accompanied by the dynamics of the development process. Lakardowo Village is one of the villages in Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province. In this village there is a hazardous and toxic waste processing industry managed by PT.PRIA which was established based on the recommendation of the Mojokerto Regent Decree in 2017. The licensing for this environmental permit has had a negative impact, namely conflict between the Lakardowo village community and the company, the Mojokerto district government, and the pro-company community. In addition, another impact of this waste treatment activity is the source of water pollution and disease in the communities living in the factory area. This article attempts to analyze the chronological sequence and forms of conflict as well as the factors that cause conflict in Lakardowo village. The research method in this article is qualitative research. The findings in the field show that the conflict has occurred for many years and experienced various dynamics of conflict forms both horizontally and vertically.

Film is a medium that functions as entertainment and an effective means of communication in conveying messages, stories and emotions to the audience. "Two Blue Hearts" by Gina S. Noer is a follow-up film to the story of Bima and Dara, a young couple who married at an early age because of a mistake. After four years apart since the birth of their son, Adam, Dara decided to return to Jakarta to be with Bima and Adam. Conflicts in their household arise again when Dara struggles to get closer to Adam, who does not yet recognize her as a mother. This research aims to determine the application of linear plot in the development of the story in the film "Dua Hati Biru". The theory used is the Linear Plot from Elizabeth Lutter. The results show that the use of a linear plot in Dua Hati Biru allows the audience to see the emotional transitions and dynamics of Bima and Dara's relationship clearly. This approach is effective in depicting character growth through a consistent passage of time, without relying on a back-and-forth plot.

The agriculture sector is facing unprecedented challenges as a result of climate change. As temperatures continue to rise and weather patterns change, the dynamics of plant-virus interactions change significantly, requiring innovative solutions to ensure global food security. This review article examines the relationship between climate change and the prevalence and severity of cucumber virus diseases, their impact on cucumber yield and quality, and subsequent economic implications, with a focus on the critical pathogen cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The method in this journal article uses library research, which is a method with data collection by understanding and studying theories from various literatures related to the research. The results showed that as climate change increases, it is imperative to investigate its impact on cucumber virus management, specifically how increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns may affect virus epidemiology and disease resistance mechanisms. In addition, exploring integrated pest management strategies that combine traditional breeding with modern biotechnology advances is essential. The application of RNA-based technologies presents a promising avenue for effective virus control, potentially reducing the economic burden on cucumber farmers.

The purpose of this analysis is to explore the relationship between the Protestant ethic and the development of modern capitalism, and to analyze the influence of Protestant ethical values ​​on economic and social dynamics. In addition, this analysis aims to identify shortcomings in existing studies, including theoretical focus and broader social impacts, in order to produce a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between the Protestant ethic, capitalism, and the social context. The method used is a literature review, which involves analyzing literature related to social theory, especially Max Weber's thoughts, as well as criticism of his approach. The results of the study indicate that although the Protestant ethic has an important role, other factors such as technological progress, social change, and political structures also contribute to shaping modern capitalism. In addition, the issue of social inequality and injustice that may arise from the application of these ethical values ​​requires more attention in future studies. Thus, this study emphasizes the need for a more holistic approach to understanding the complex interaction between the Protestant ethic, capitalism, and the broader social context.

This study aims to analyze legal certainty in the post-acquisition integration process and its impact on the protection of shareholders' rights based on the Limited Liability Company Law (UUPT) and the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK). Using a normative legal approach and case studies, this study finds that the absence of specific regulations, weak supervisory mechanisms, and the lack of synchronization of corporate culture are the main factors causing integration failure and potential losses for shareholders, especially minority shareholders. To realize a fair and sustainable integration process, it is necessary to strengthen internal governance based on the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), risk-based supervision, and external regulatory reforms that are more responsive to business dynamics. This study recommends the active involvement of authorities in regulating post-acquisition integration and the implementation of transparent and accountable evaluation mechanisms to protect the interests of all stakeholders. These findings contribute to the formulation of a fair and adaptive integration model in the Indonesian legal and economic environment.  

China first established its mission to become a superpower in the year 2000, when they began implementing an open-ended trading system, where they implemented all of that in order to be able to equal or exceed the power of the United States in the coming years, one way is by expanding its influence in the Indo-Pacific region, where the region is one of the world's trading centers, in which the country of China stands, so that China can launch its mission more easily. Working with ASEAN and the South Pacific countries, developing trade cooperation, and providing support to specific countries for economic development are some of their methods. The "One China Policy" is one of the initiatives that the South Pacific nations have adopted as a result of their collaboration. About the study of such topics, the research techniques that the author employed in this study are descriptive techniques that make use of secondary data sources as a type of data. When examining China's aspirations to become a superpower through the perspective of realism and the theory of the balance of power, it can be concluded that, despite certain dynamics brought about by disputes in the South and East China Seas, they has succeeded in doing so, especially in the Indo-Pacific region.    

This research aims to analyze the implementation of organizational ethical values in improving performance and organizational maturity at HIQMA UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, focusing on word patterns, thought patterns, and attitude patterns in organizational dynamics. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with HIQMA administrators and members, and organizational document analysis. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques with validation through data source triangulation. The implementation of organizational ethical values at HIQMA shows positive impacts on three main aspects: (1) increased leadership effectiveness and management performance, (2) strengthening organizational culture through the integration of Islamic values, and (3) development of member professionalism through comprehensive training programs such as Management Upgrading. This research provides a new perspective on integrating Islamic ethical values in student organization development, particularly in organizations focusing on Quranic talent development and Islamic arts. The research results provide a practical framework for student organizations to implement ethical values to improve performance and organizational maturity, including management capacity development strategies and monitoring evaluation systems.

This research aims to examine and analyze the actualization of the third principle of Pancasila, namely "Unity in Indonesia," in the context of the spirit of gotong royong, which is a noble tradition of the Indonesian nation. Gotong royong, emphasizing cooperation and togetherness, plays a crucial role in strengthening unity amidst the social, cultural, and religious diversity in Indonesia. This study focuses on how the values of unity can be manifested in gotong royong practices across various sectors of life, both at the community level, within government, and in international relations.The methodology employed in this research is a qualitative approach that includes literature studies and interviews with various parties directly involved in gotong royong activities, both in communities and governmental institutions. The research also analyzes various cases that illustrate the implementation of the spirit of gotong royong in everyday life, particularly in addressing social, economic challenges, and natural disasters.The findings indicate that the spirit of gotong royong plays a vital role in reinforcing the unity of the Indonesian nation. Through gotong royong, communities can support each other in facing various social issues while strengthening social bonds among citizens, regardless of existing differences. On the other hand, this study also identifies challenges faced in actualizing the principle of Unity in Indonesia within the spirit of gotong royong, such as the growing individualism in society and widening social gaps.This research is expected to contribute to understanding the importance of actualizing the principle of Unity in Indonesia in national life and to provide recommendations for strengthening the spirit of gotong royong to create a more united, just, and prosperous Indonesia. The spirit of gotong royong, which is an integral part of Indonesian national identity, needs to be continuously developed to face the challenges of modern times and increasingly complex global dynamics.

In the increasingly developing digital era, social media and digital platforms have become effective tools for disseminating information, including political propaganda. In the context of prolonged war and geopolitical complexity, digital propaganda has become an important tool in shaping public opinion and influencing people's perceptions of the actors involved in the conflict. Using a qualitative approach, this research analyzes social media content, online news, and other digital platforms to identify key themes in the narrative conveyed by the US government and their impact on domestic and international public perceptions. The research results show that the US digital propaganda campaign not only serves to support the country's foreign policy, but also to build a positive image of military intervention and support for opposition groups in Syria. This research found that there was a significant shift in public perception triggered by information spread through social media, where many users were exposed to narratives that tended to support US interests. Thus, this study highlights the importance of understanding the role of digital media in modern conflicts and its implications for foreign policy and social dynamics.