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Background: One of the emotional social development of children aged 3-5 years is showing self-confidence. Early childhood often experience things that can reduce their self-confidence because in their growth phase parents and the environment often make yelling sentences, harsh prohibitions, especially curse, will make them present negative emotions and have an impact on feelings of sadness, fear and guilt. Drawing therapy can help children express their feelings. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of drawing therapy to increase self-confidence of children aged 3-5 years in the village of booi, saparua district, central maluku district. Methods: This study used an experimental research method with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The population in this study were all 30 children aged 3-5 years in Booi Village. The sampling technique was purposive sample of 20 children. Data collection by means of observation. Bivariate analysis using non-parametric statistical tests with the Wilcoxon test. Results:The Wilcoxon test results (p value 0,000) because the p value <0.05, statistically there is a difference before and after drawing therapy with a median of 0.000 with a minimum-maximum value of 1-5 self-confidence before drawing therapy and a median of 8.50 with minimum-maximum values ​​1-6 after drawing therapy. Conclusion: From the results above, it can be concluded that there is an effect of drawing therapy on increasing self-confidence of children aged 3-5 years in the village of booi, Saparua sub-district, Central Maluku district.

Background : Hemorrhoids is one of the most common anorectal diseases, this disease can cause physical and psychological discomfort due to its disturbing symptoms such as rectal bleeding, pain, and itching sensation and will significantly affect the quality of life of the person with hemorrhoids. According to Slavin (2008), the prevalence of hemorrhoids in the world reaches 5%. There are various risk factors for hemorrhoids, one of which is the length of sitting without changing the position and age. According to Ali and Shoeb (2017) in their research, there were 50 patients out of 60 drivers experiencing hemorrhoids. A driver job that requires a long time to sit because of the long duration of driving can cause hemorrhoids. Kumala, et al (2016) said in their research on intercity and interprovincial (AKAP) bus drivers who have a driving duration of ≥ 6 hours have a risk of hemorrhoids and those aged ≥ 45 years have a risk of developing hemorrhoids.Objective : Knowing the relationship between driving duration and age with hemorrhoids in bus drivers at the AKAP Payung Sekaki terminal Pekanbaru in 2020.Methode : The design used in this study was an observational analytic type with a cross-sectional method. The sampling technique was accidental sampling, with a sample of 60 respondents who had the inclusion criteria. Statistical test data using the Chi-Square test.The results : There was an insignificant relationship between the duration of driving and complaints of hemorrhoids in the driver (p-value = 0.057) and the relationship between age and complaints of hemorrhoids in the driver (p-value = 0.073).Conclusion : There is an insignificant relationship between driving duration and age with complaints of hemorrhoids in bus drivers at AKAP Payung Sekaki Terminal

Extracurricular activities are an integral part of school education that focuses on academics, and plays a role in character building. These activities outside of the main curriculum provide opportunities for students to develop a range of skills and positive values that can enhance their academic performance, and form a strong personality and character. Extracurricular activities provide a platform for the development of social skills, leadership, teamwork, and self-responsibility. This is a descriptive qualitative research. The study used an interactive model to analyse the research data. Thus, it can be concluded that extracurricular activities are not just additional activities outside of class hours, but they play an invaluable role in student character building. Through the various activities offered, extracurricular activities are able to open the door to self-discovery, skill development, and strengthening of positive values. Active involvement in extracurricular activities enriches students' experiences, and contributes greatly to forming a person who is resilient, has integrity, and is ready to face the challenges of life.    

Diarrhea is the main cause of death globally. Diarrhea is a condition where liquid stools occur when defecating and the intensity is more than 3 times a day due to Escherichia coli infection. Factors that cause diarrhea are unsafe clean water facilities, water contamination by feces and poor personal hygiene habits. Diarrhea is included in the top 10 most common diseases in Malang City and the highest cases are in the Dinoyo Health Center area. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between sanitation facilities, personal hygiene and E. coli content on the incidence of diarrhea. This type of research is cross-sectional quantitative with a purposive sampling method, totaling 35 samples. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression tests. Bivariate test analysis resulted in a value of p=0.011 for sanitation facilities, p=0.007 for personal hygiene and p=0.000 for E. coli content. Meanwhile, the most influential variable is known, namely the content of E. coli in clean water (p=0.012) with a value of (OR=41.562; 95% CI 2.259-764.763). In conclusion, there is a relationship between sanitation facilities, personal hygiene and E. coli content with the incidence of diarrhea.

Transportation services are one of the basic human needs. In the current era of globalization, with increasing mobility of people or goods, the role of transportation modes becomes very important both in the economic and social fields. Service quality is also inseparable from the desire of service users to obtain good, comfortable, fast and safe transportation facilities and infrastructure. Service quality is a determining and important factor, so that service managers can determine the strategies that must be implemented in order to meet all the needs of service users safely, quickly and comfortably. This research aims to determine the influence of Gapura Angkasa pre-flight service quality on Citilink airline passenger satisfaction at Yogyakarta International Airport by distributing questionnaires to 100 Citilink airline passenger respondents. Based on research and data testing that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the influence of the quality of pre-flight service at Gapura Angkasa on Citilink airline passenger satisfaction is significant, namely based on the calculated T value of Variable X (Service Quality) on Variable Y (Passenger Satisfaction) of 11,083 more than T table 1,985. So it can be concluded that the quality of Gapura Angkasa's pre-flight service has a significant effect on Citilink airline passenger satisfaction. The magnitude of the influence of the quality of pre-flight service at Gapura Angkasa on passenger satisfaction is proven by the coefficient of determination value of 55.6%, which means that Variable X (service quality) has an influence of 55.6% on Variable Y (passenger satisfaction).

The aim of this research is to determine the level of service on Resident Abdul Rozak's roads in 2022 based on the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual by determining the volume of vehicles on Resident Abdul Rozak's roads, assessing the influence of side obstacles on the sections and determining the level of service on Resident Abdul Rozak's roads. This research is quantitative descriptive research. Data collection uses field observations and documentation. Data analysis uses the 1997 Indonesian Road Capacity Manual. The results of the data analysis are used to determine the traffic volume on the Resident Abdul Rozak road. The results show that the volume of traffic flow on the Resident Abdul Rozak road on Thursday, December 8 2022 in the north direction is an average of 1,426 pcu/hour and in the South direction an average of 1,640 pcu/hour, while on Saturday 24 December 2022 the North volume was an average of 1,562 pcu/hour and in the South direction an average of 1,350 pcu/hour. Side resistance is in the low category with an average value of 244, 925 where the condition of side resistance is not too influential. The level of service is in category E with a value of 0.901, where conditions on that day of the city's roads were unstable, at full capacity.

The Matrilineal Museum is a management forum that supports efforts to preserve cultural values ​​related to the matrilineal system in Minangkabau, having its address at Jalan Raya Belimbing, Kuranji Padang. In this problem, museum tourist visits have decreased since 2019. Information about the Matrilineal Museum can be accessed by using posters, the web or simply via the address on Google maps as well as limited print media such as books. The purpose of this design is to increase public interest in visiting the Matrilineal Museum through virtual tour 360 media. At the design stage using the 4D method, Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. the analysis used is SWOT analysis. Video Virtual Tour 360 Matrilineal Museum, Center for Preservation of Cultural Values ​​of West Sumatra, will be implemented into supporting media

The trend of shopping in society is getting shifted, marked by the presence of the growing marketplaces and e-commerce. There are so many choices of marketplaces that can be easily accessed by the society. By the marketplaces vary, there would be many things to prepare by every marketplace to win the competition and always maintain the existence. Therefore, they must think and use the effective marketing strategy. The game theory is one of the ways that can be used to analyze the marketing strategy. The game theory is a mathematics model used in a conflict or competition among various interests that meet each other as competitors. Basically, the theory is a study of strategy interaction among the players to determine the best strategy and the obtained score. One of basic elements of the game theory is solving every case of the game theory where the pay-off matrix is shown in a game matrix table. The data of game between Shopee and Tokopedia obtained the optimum score which was 2.4443. Shopee and Bukalapak obtained the optimum score which was 6. Meanwhile, Tokopedia and Bukalapak obtained the optimum score which was 8.9925. In the Shopee, Tokopedia, and Bukalapak competition, the Nash equilibrium point is located at the point ()  with a pay off value (64,56,43), Shopee with a discount voucher strategy (), Tokopedia with a Product strategy (), and Bukalapak with a promotion strategy () which is the optimal strategy for each player.

This study aims to obtain a constructivism-based e-module that is valid, practical, and effective, so that it can assist students in understanding the material for a two-variable linear equation system. The research instruments used were lesson plans, material validation sheets and e-module media, learning outcomes tests, and student and teacher response questionnaire sheets. After all instruments, lesson plans, and e-modules were declared valid by the validator, then readability tests and field trials were carried out. The results showed that: (1) the developed E-Module had met the validity values, namely (3.37 and 3.25) with a very feasible category; (2) The developed E-Module has met the practical value (79.75% and 90.5%) with very practical category; (3) The developed E-Module meets the effective criteria with the completeness of student learning outcomes that meet the criteria, namely 85% of students have obtained a score of 75 and the achievement of each indicator/learning objective is more than 65% of the total students.

The aim of this study is to provide a detailed account of the exhaustive methodology employed in the XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Ulakan Tapakis course to enhance the learning experience and cultivate students' enthusiasm for the study of dance culture. This investigation is classified as descriptive qualitative research, and its data collection methods include documentation, interviews, and observation. According to the results, the holistic approach utilized in class XI IPS 1 at SMA Negeri 1 Ulakan Tapakis comprised several interdependent elements, such as learning objectives, method selection, and learning media selection, all of which were in accordance with the content or learning material, teachers, and students. These components are intended to foster increased student participation and creativity in the educational process. By promoting students' ability to identify, understand, value, and implement the information presented by the instructor, this methodology guarantees the successful achievement of the Dance Culture educational goals. Class XI IPS 1 SM A N 1 Ulakan Tapakis demonstrates the implementation of a comprehensive approach to dance culture education by employing learning videos, PowerPoint presentation applications, and jigsaw method-based group discussions. Students are not only emotionally stimulated, but also intellectually, sensually, and physically enriched through the implementation of this methodology.

This study aims to determine and describe how the influence of facilities and infrastructure on student motivation in learning cultural arts in class X MAN 2 Padang Panjang. This type of research is quantitative research using descriptive methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through questionnaires, as well as documentation. Data management techniques are editing, coding, scoring, tabulating data. Data analysis techniques are instrument tests and prerequisite tests. The results showed that there was an influence of school facilities and infrastructure on the learning motivation of grade X MAN 2 Padang Panjang students, X Koto District, Tanah Datar Regency. It was found that the influence of Facilities and Infrastructure on Motivation (Y) obtained the value of the coefficient of determination written R Square of 0.392 can be explained that the proportion of influence of Facilities and Infrastructure is 41.5% while the remaining 39.2% is influenced by other factors from outside the variables used in this study.

The quality of service provided at the Check-in counter is an important factor that affects passenger satisfaction to choose an airline. The quality of service at the Check-in counter includes speed of service, friendliness of officers, availability of necessary information, clarity of procedures, and quality of facilities and equipment provided. The quality of service at the Check-in counter can affect the image and reputation of the airline in the eyes of the public. If the quality of service at the Check-in counter is poor, passengers tend to give negative reviews and potentially damage the image of the airline.  This study aims to determine whether there is an influence and how much influence the quality of Check-in counter service on customer satisfaction of Wings Air at Rahadi Oesman Ketapang airport. This study used quantitative methods, with sampling techniques in this study using Purposive Sampling techniques. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with measurements using the Likert scale. The results of the study show that the quality of Check-in counter service affects passenger satisfaction. This can be proven by the results of significant values of 0.00 < 0.05 and T Test 13,596 > 1.661. The value of the Coefficient of Determination (R2) is 0.654 This means that the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is 65.4%..    

At present the world of coffee in Indonesia is showing very rapid development. This is evidenced by the mushrooming of cafes or shops selling drinks from processed coffee throughout the archipelago. Coffee shop business owners are expected to increasingly compete for customers by serving quality coffee drinks, affordable prices and simpler outlet concepts. To maintain the existence of the mushrooming coffee shops, Teras Kopi needs a new, strong and consistent visual identity in order to be able to compete with other competitors who already have a strong and consistent visual identity. Based on these problems, the writer designed Warung Teras Kopi's visual identity using a descriptive approach, namely by directly interviewing related parties. As a result, this study uses the Graphic Standard Manual (GSM) which will be applied to supporting media properly and consistently, in accordance with the vision and mission of Warung Eras Kopi, so that it can become a new visual identity in the form of a new logo along with a newly created visual identity design. with the values ​​of coffee terrace coffee shops namely coffee, delicious, simple, and comfortable.    

Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that (1) Student learning outcomes in citizenship education subjects on understanding freedom of organization in class IV of SD Negeri 0117 Sibuhuan, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency before implementing the mastery learning model obtained a total of 1975 students' average score. was 63.71 and there were 23 students who scored below the KKM 75 with a percentage of 74.19% and 8 students scored above the KKM with a percentage of 25.81%. So it can be seen that learning in the pre-cycle has not been able to improve Civics learning outcomes. So the researcher tried to change the implementation of the teaching and learning process by using a learning model, namely mastery learning. (2) Improved student learning outcomes in citizenship education subjects on understanding freedom of organization in class IV of SD Negeri 0117 Sibuhuan, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency, after implementing the mastery learning model in cycle I, obtaining a total of 2300 marks, the average value of students was 74.19 . Of the 31 students who got a score below the KKM of 75, there were 12 students with a percentage of 38.71% and 19 students got a score above the KKM with a percentage of 61.21%, while in the second cycle they got a total of 2575 scores. The average score for students was 83. .06, of the 31 students who got a score below the KKM 75 there were 3 students with a percentage of 10.00% and there were 3 students with a percentage of 9.68% and 28 students got a score above the KKM with a percentage of 90.32%.      

This study aims to analyse the effect of price, distribution, and lifestyle on purchasing decisions for Swallow sandals in Surabaya. The research method uses a quantitative approach by collecting data through questionnaires from 100 respondents purposely selected from the Surabaya community who have purchased Swallow sandals. The research findings show significant managerial implications, including the need for distribution channel management to pay attention to distributor decisions on sales force services. Improving service quality and product availability at the right time are key to strengthening consumer trust in distribution channels. Understanding and utilising consumer lifestyle values in marketing strategies is also important. Awareness of the positive impact of lifestyle on purchasing decisions can help design marketing that is more in line with consumer preferences, including the addition of product variations that reflect the target market's lifestyle to increase product appeal and expand market share. With these findings, companies can optimise marketing strategies and product management, increase consumer satisfaction, strengthen brand loyalty, and achieve long-term success in the market    

According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2021, the presentation of exclusive breastfeeding to infants showed an improvement from the previous year, from 69.62% to 71.58%. However, most provinces have a percentage below the national average, including Gorontalo (52.75%), Central Kalimantan (55.98%), West Papua (58.77%), Riau Islands (58.84%), DKI Jakarta 65.63%, Aceh (66.66%) and North Sumatra (57.83%). (Monavia, 2021). This study aims to identify the relationship between oxytocin massage and smooth breastfeeding for postpartum mothers in Tomuan Village, Siantar Timur District, Simalungun Regency in 2023.Type of quantitative research with cross sectional design. This study was conducted on a sample of 20 postpartum. To measure the characteristics of the respondents used a data collection form, to measure oxytocin massage with the smooth expulsion of breast milk in postpartum mothers respondents used a questionnaire.Based on the relationship between oxytocin massage and smooth breastfeeding in postpartum mothers, a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05) was obtained which indicated that there was a significant relationship between oxytocin massage and smooth breastfeeding in postpartum mothers in Tomuan Village, Siantar Timur District, Simalungun Regency . Thus Ho is rejected, the correlation strength (r) = 0.014.The relationship between oxytocin massage and the smoothness of breastfeeding in postpartum mothers in the Tomuan Village, Siantar Timur District, Simalungun Regency, a category that has done oxytocin massage. It is recommended for postpartum mothers to do oxytine massage optimally so that breastfeeding can flow smoothly in Tomuan Village, East Siantar District, Simalungun Regency    

can have a negative impact, if their use is not in accordance with the recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). The purpose of this study was to determine a significant correlation between the freedom to give gadgets and the emotional mentality of children aged 3-5 years at Kartika Kindergarten, Lumajang. The cross-sectional research design was used with 40 respondents at Kartika Kindergarten, Lumajang Regency. The measuring tools in this study are the KMME questionnaireand the use of gadgets. Spearman's rho test was used to answer the purpose of this study. The results showed that the majority of mothers gave gadgets to children in the good category, 28 respondents (70%). The majority of emotional and mental children aged 3-5 years are in the normal category as many as 37 respondents (92.5%). There is a significant correlation between the flexibility of giving gadgets and the emotional mentality of children aged 3-5 years in Kartika Kindergarten, Lumajang, namely p- value 0.001. .                                                                                  

An increasingly intensive marketing strategy is carried out by advertising on television, including advertisements for Aqua brand Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) products. Aqua's strategy has been effective in accordance with the findings of the market research conducted. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of the effectiveness of Aqua advertising 'existing version of Aqua'. The quantitative approach method carried out is based on positivistic research data (concrete data), namely numerical values to be measured using statistics as a calculation test tool, related to the problem under study to produce a conclusion. The population of this study was the entire audience of Aqua television commercials in Brebes County. The sample was obtained with the 10% Slovin formula of 200 respondents. The research instrument used was in the form of primary data from filling out questionnaires. The results showed that advertising creativity and humor elements had a positive effect on the effectiveness of Aqua advertisements, there was a positive influence of advertising attractiveness on the effectiveness of Aqua advertisements, the quality of advertising messages had a positive effect on advertising effectiveness and there was an influence on advertising creativity, humor elements, advertising attractiveness and quality of advertising messages simultaneously affected the effectiveness of Aqua advertisements in Brebes Regency

The purpose of this study is to find out the condition of financial performance at PT. XYZ Tbk. period 2020-2022. The data collection procedure for this study is secondary data taken from the first party. The data analysis technique for this study is quantitative using Liquidity Ratios (quick ratios and current ratios), Solvency Ratios (debt to asset ratio and debt to equity ratio), Profitability Ratio (ROE), Activity Ratio (total asset turnover). The results of this study are, in the calculation of the current ratio, quick ratio, debt to asset ratio, debt to equity ratio, ROE, the calculation results do not meet industry standards which results in the company's condition being in a bad condition, while the calculation of the asset turnover ratio has calculation results that exceed industry standards which means the value of asset turnover is in good condition.

This research aims to determine the analysis of students' mathematical critical thinking abilities based on questions based on TIMSS VIII SMP Negeri 29 Medan. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this research were 33 students in class VIII-7 of SMP Negeri 29 Medan. The results of the research show that: (1) The average value of students' interpreting abilities is 76.01, which indicates that students' interpretation indicators are in the high category. (2) The average student score in analyzing the mathematical critical thinking ability test is 64.39, which shows that the students' analysis indicators are in the medium category. (3) The average score of students' abilities in the evaluation indicators on the mathematical critical thinking ability test is 41.48, which shows that the students' evaluation indicators are in the low category. So it is concluded that students with high abilities are only able to fulfill 2 critical thinking indicators, namely interpreting and analyzing indicators, 2 students with moderate mathematical abilities are only able to fulfill 2 critical thinking indicators and students with low mathematical abilities, there is 1 student only fulfilling 1 critical thinking indicator in One of the question numbers is the evaluating indicator in question number 3.