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This study examines the impact of trading costs and related factors on the unobserved performance of hedge funds through a qualitative literature review approach. The review covers recent studies on explicit and implicit costs, liquidity risk, portfolio complexity, hedge fund size, and risk management strategies. The findings reveal that trading costs significantly affect the net returns of hedge funds, while liquidity risk and portfolio complexity hinder asset management efficiency. Large hedge funds benefit from economies of scale but face challenges in risk management and transparency. The study also highlights that data-driven risk management strategies can enhance long-term return stability. This research underscores the need for a holistic evaluation to understand hedge fund performance and discusses limitations associated with the qualitative approach.

This study aims to analyze the role of private equity in resolving failed banks following the 2008 financial crisis and its impact on financial stability. Using a qualitative literature review method, this research examines 30 related studies covering restructuring efficiency, capital stability, operational innovation, and market concentration risks. The findings indicate that private equity can expedite the resolution of failed banks through effective restructuring and improved operational efficiency. However, challenges such as moral hazard risks and market concentration require strict regulatory oversight. The contribution of private equity to financial stability is contextual, depending on market structures and local regulations. This research provides strategic insights for policymakers to optimize the benefits of private equity in the financial sector.

The role and function of Bank Indonesia as the central bank is crucial to revitalize the goal of maintaining and preserving the value of the rupiah, which is an important part of sustainable economic growth that will improve people's welfare. This goal is part of the economic recovery and reform policy that will help Indonesia get out of the middle economic crisis. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of the status, position, and duties of the central bank. This research uses the literature method. In 1968, Bank Indonesia's functions and responsibilities as the central bank began to diminish. In 1999, it was again responsible for safeguarding and maintaining the value of the rupiah. Its central bank work consists of three main pillars: setting and implementing monetary policy, maintaining a smooth payment system, and maintaining the stability of the national financial system. To improve people's quality of life, Bank Indonesia is also responsible for acting as a development agent.    

Traditional markets in Sidoarjo, like in many places in Indonesia, play an important role in the local economy and community life. However, the challenges of modernization and competition with modern markets have threatened the sustainability of these traditional markets. The role of entrepreneurs and market managers is key in developing traditional markets in Sidoarjo. This research aims to analyze the role of entrepreneurs and market managers in developing traditional markets in Sidoarjo. The research method used is a qualitative study with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and direct observation in the field. The research results show that entrepreneurs have a strategic role in increasing the competitiveness of traditional markets through product innovation, promotion and improving service quality. Meanwhile, market managers play an important role in organizing market governance, ensuring cleanliness, safety and comfort of visitors, as well as facilitating cooperation between sellers. By actively involving entrepreneurs and market managers in the development process, traditional markets in Sidoarjo can face the challenges of modernization and increase their attractiveness for local communities and tourists. In conclusion, close collaboration between entrepreneurs and market managers is needed to ensure the sustainability and progress of traditional markets in Sidoarjo.

SMES (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) often face significant challenges, especially related to financial and workforce risk management. This research aims to analyze Lela Florist's financial risk management. In this research, a descriptive qualitative approach with interviews was used to collect data from business owners and female employees. The analysis is carried out with a focus on financial risk management strategies, such as product and service diversification, creative promotions, cash flow management, separation of company assets and access to capital. Lela Florist has implemented various strategies to manage financial risks effectively. Diversification of products and services, creative promotions, and utilization of online delivery and ordering services help reduce financial risks and maintain revenue stability. Meanwhile, efficient management of employee costs, employee development and effective performance management increases productivity and maintains service quality. This research shows that Lela Florist's financial risk management has effectively played an important role in the operational success of SMES.  

This study focuses on the effectiveness of supervision and regulation conducted by Bank Indonesia (BI), the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and the Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS) in maintaining financial system stability in Indonesia. (LPS) in maintaining financial system stability in Indonesia. Through a qualitative qualitative approach with a literature review method, this research explores the role of each institution and identifies potential overlaps in each institution and identifies potential overlapping regulations that could affect national financial stability. can affect national financial stability. The results show that BI, through consolidated supervision and macroprudential policies, plays a significant role in maintaining monetary and financial stability. OJK, with its overarching mandate over the financial services sector, has implemented various regulations to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system. to ensure the integrity and stability of the financial system. LPS contributes by guaranteeing customer deposits and handling failed banks, as well as coordinating with BI and OJK to maintain banking stability. with BI and OJK to maintain banking stability. To improve effectiveness, it is recommended to strengthen inter-agency coordination, regulatory harmonization, supervisory capacity, macroprudential policy, education and transparency, and international collaboration to maintain financial system stability, support sustainable economic growth, and improve public welfare.

Various factors, including changes in commodity prices, domestic production, trade policies, and geopolitical considerations, can impact the value of oil and gas imports and exports. In addition to technological innovation, economic fluctuations can also be influenced by changes in global demand, domestic production, and trade policies. The value of oil and gas imports and exports may experience fluctuations over time and between nations. The Perdag No. 21 of 2019 and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2001 pertaining to oil and natural gas govern export and import regulations, respectively. These documents provide a clear framework for the management of oil and natural gas resources in Indonesia and aim to harmonize regulations in the oil and gas sector. Natural gas, in addition to enhancing industry oversight and transparency, should be subject to scrutiny, as economic development can be influenced by export and import revenues. The government can subsequently manipulate this information to curb inflation, thereby contributing to the preservation of the nation's economic stability.

In an effort to reduce economic dependence on the oil and gas sector, the country needs to diversify through various policies such as infrastructure investment, fiscal policies that support non-oil and gas sectors, education and training for skilled labor, research and innovation, export promotion, international partnerships, wise management of natural resources, support for SMEs, public-private partnerships, and continuous evaluation. Economic diversification is considered essential to achieve sustainable economic growth and to be resilient to fluctuations in world oil prices. Oil and gas trade, non-oil and gas exports, and foreign investment play a crucial role in Indonesia's economy. Economic diversification and the development of alternative energy sources are key to mitigating the economic risks associated with oil price fluctuations. Although challenges and constraints exist, the long-term benefits of economic diversification are vital for economic stability and sustainable growth. Oil and gas trade has a significant impact on Indonesia's economy, contributing significantly to state revenues but is also vulnerable to fluctuations in oil and gas prices in the global market. Therefore, economic diversification is an important strategy to reduce the economic risks associated with dependence on the oil and gas sector. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics of oil and gas trade and its impact on the Indonesian economy.

The overflow of the Citarum River is one of the main challenges in maintaining the stability of the Saguling Dam in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the impact of the Citarum River overflow on the stability of the dam. The methods used include field surveys, hydrological data analysis, and numerical modeling. This research makes an important contribution to understanding the interaction between river overflows and dam stability, and provides a basis for developing disaster risk mitigation strategies in areas vulnerable to floods and river overflows.  

The spread of hoaxes on social media has become a serious problem in society. This research aims to analyze the factors that cause the spread of hoaxes, the characteristics of hoax content, a well as their impact on society. The research method used is the study of literature and content analysis from various online news sources. The results showed that the main factors of the spread of hoaxes were lack of digital literacy., economic motivation, and political polarization. Hoax content generally spreads quickly, has sensational titles, and contains inaccurate information. The impact of hoaxes on society includes confusion, social conflict, and a decline in public trust. This research concludes that comprehensive efforts from the government, media, and the public are needed to overcome the hoax problem. This research aims to analyze the causes, patterns of spread, and the impact of hoaxes on social media on the community. The research methods used are literature studies and content analysis from various trusted sources. Patterns of spreading hoaxes generally utilize sicial media algorithms to achieve a wide reach quickly. The negative impact of  hoaxes on society is very diverse, ranging from triggering social confilcts, affecting public opinion, to threatening political stability and national security. This shows the urgency of handing hoaxes comprehensively, involving the role of government, social media platforms, and the public.

The purpose of writing this review article is to determine the formulation analysis and evaluation of the use of various additional ingredients in effervescent tablets. The method used is a literature review originating from journals and other research results from various references regarding the formulation and evaluation of additional ingredients in various types of effervescent tablets. This aims to provide a summary of relevant publications and increase current understanding. Formulation and evaluation of additional ingredients in effervescents are important aspects that need to be considered in product development. Decisions regarding the use of additives should be based on the desired purpose, desired physical characteristics, stability, and consumer acceptability. With a good understanding of the formulation and evaluation, high quality effervescent tablets can be produced. The use of a variety of additional ingredients can provide different taste and texture characteristics to effervescent, which can affect consumer acceptability.

The Constitutional Court of Indonesia Decision Number 65/PUU-XXI/2023 has significant implications for the social norms of political campaigns in educational facilities and government buildings. This research aims to explore the implications of the decision and the responses from various stakeholders. A literature review approach is employed, collecting and analyzing various sources including books, academic journals, and online resources related to law, politics, and education in Indonesia. The research findings indicate that the Constitutional Court's decision alters the landscape of political campaigns by allowing campaigning in educational institutions while still maintaining the ban in places of worship. Responses from various stakeholders, including academics, activists, and Civil Servants, highlight issues of neutrality, security, and education quality. The implications of this decision provoke intense debate concerning freedom of speech, institutional neutrality, and the balance between political participation and social stability. This research provides a deeper understanding of the political and legal dynamics in Indonesia, offering insights for the formulation of more effective policies in the context of political campaigns and education.

This study discusses the concept of taxation in Al-Mawardi's thought and its implementation in the Islamic economic system. Al-Mawardi, in his work Al-Ahkam As-Sultaniyyah, explains that taxes in Islam have a foundation of justice and public benefit. The types of taxes he discussed include zakat, kharaj, jizyah, and usyur, each of which has the aim of maintaining economic stability and social welfare. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The results show that the concept of taxation in Islam focuses more on social balance compared to the conventional taxation system. Al-Mawardi emphasized that taxes must be collected fairly and transparently and used for the public interest to avoid economic inequality. The findings indicate that the principles of taxation in Al-Mawardi's thought are still relevant to the modern taxation system, especially in the aspects of justice, wealth distribution, and tax accountability.

This research aims to analyze the influence of financial sector deepening and foreign exchange reserves on currency exchange rates in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. The variables in this research are exchange rate, GDP, credit interest rates, money supply, foreign exchange reserves. This research uses secondary data taken from WorldBank in 2005-2022. The data analysis technique used is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) panel. The research results from the ARDL model analysis show that the countries that are able to become lead indicators for KURS tariff stability are Indonesia and Malaysia. This is because all the variables or indicators in the research, namely (Foreign Exchange Reserves, GDP, JUB and Credit Interest Rates) in these countries have a significant effect on the KURS, while CDV, GDV and JUB do not have a significant effect on the KURS. in the Philippines, only the SBK variable has a significant effect on the KURS in the Philippines. If we look at short-term and long-term stability, the Unemployment Rate variable, both short-term and long-term, has a significant effect on KURS stability.

This research aims to determine the effect of the government expenditure model and green growth based on green energy consumption in Indonesia which has 4 variables, namely carbon emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and government expenditure. The analytical method used in this research is the Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model with the Impulse Response Function (IRF) test, Forecast Error Varince Decomposition (FEVD), stationarity test, cointegration test, structural lag stability test, and optimal lag length test. . The results of the Vector Autoregression research using lag 1 as the basis show the contribution of each variable to the variable itself and other variables. The results of the Vector Autoregression analysis also show that the past variable (t-1) contributes to the current variable, both the variable itself and other variables. From the results of the analysis, there is a reciprocal relationship between one variable and another variable. Response Function Analysis shows the response of other variables to changes in a variable in the short, medium and long term, and it is known that the stability of the response of all variables is formed within a period of 5 years or the medium term. and long term. Variance Decomposition Analysis shows that there are variables that have the largest contribution to the variable itself in the short, medium and long term, such as CO2, EC, and GOV. Meanwhile, another variable that has the greatest influence on the variable itself in the short, medium and long term is CO2 which is strongly influenced by GOV and GDP.

The Constitution is the fundamental foundation for the establishment and development of an independent state, reflecting the framework of a democratic and just political life. As an integral part of the constitutional system, the Constitutional Court (MK) plays a crucial role in safeguarding justice and democracy through its oversight and constitutional interpretation functions. The Constitutional Court in Indonesia functions as a guardian of the constitution, ensuring that all components of the state and society consistently implement the constitution. Indonesia's constitutional history shows significant dynamics of change, with the 1945 Constitution undergoing various amendments before finally being reaffirmed in the reform era. The establishment of the Constitutional Court in 2003 reflected the spirit of reform to guarantee human rights and the rights of citizens that had previously been neglected. With a special task in handling constitutional cases, the Constitutional Court aims to maintain government stability and overcome the problem of multiple interpretations of the constitution that occurred in the past.

Economic globalization has become one of the main distinctive features in the development of the world economy today. This phenomenon has a significant impact on various aspects of economic life, including the stability of banking financial institutions in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the impact of economic globalization on the stability of banking financial institutions using a case study approach in specific developing countries. Through in-depth analysis, this study will examine the factors affecting the stability of banking financial institutions in the face of economic globalization, as well as their implications for economic and financial policies. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into the impact of economic globalization on the stability of banking financial institutions in developing countries. The practical implications of the research findings will be discussed in the context of economic and financial policy, with the aim of strengthening the financial system and increasing resilience to global market fluctuations

Ship stability problems are one of the causes of ship accidents such as ships that are difficult to control, unbalanced and sinking, either at sea during shipping or during loading and unloading. This is the background for the need to improve ship safety systems to reduce ship accidents. The purpose of this research is to accurately monitor the loading and unloading slope and determine the maximum distance that can be connected to LoRa. The working system of this tool is made with the intention of preventing ship accidents and creating a better sea transportation system. The work process of this tool is done by reading the tilt angle of the ship which will then be read through the LCD screen and the LED lights will light up and the buzzer will sound if it reaches a certain tilt angle. Making it easier for loading and unloading operators to manage their cargo so that the ship remains stable.The methodology and design of the applied scientific work tool system that will be carried out using experimental research methods. Experimental research methods are used to produce certain products, and test their effectiveness. The results of research on this applied scientific work are the accuracy of the gyroscope sensor GY-521 mpu-6050 which is 98.71% with an error of 1.29% and the distance of LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 that can be reached on a stable wireless system is as far as 370m in water and 205m on land. More than that the receiver cannot receive data anymore or is invalid.

This study emphasizes the functions of the Indonesian Deposit Insurance Corporation (Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan, LPS) in savings and loan cooperatives (KSP), such as managing funds and managing risks. KSPs play an important role in the micro economy, especially in providing financial access to people who are not served by banks and other formal financial institutions.  This research employs a qualitative methodology and uses a literature review approach. A qualitative approach was chosen as it allows for a more in-depth understanding of the complex issues of risk management, fund management, and deposit insurance functions in savings and loan cooperatives in Indonesia. To ensure the viability and health of this sector that aims to make a significant contribution to financial inclusion and inclusive economic growth, the government, financial institutions, and cooperatives must work together. To advance the savings and loan cooperative sector in Indonesia, strategic measures should be taken, such as improving risk management and supporting IDICs. Ultimately, this will support the stability of the national financial system and the economic well-being of people in Indonesia.

Social media has become a crucial platform for Generation Z to stay updated on the latest trends and access information. The influence of influencers and celebrities on social media often encourages Generation Z to participate in these trends, even if it means compromising their financial stability. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which the fear of missing out (FoMO) affects Generation Z's financial well-being. Using a quantitative approach and comparative causal research method, 101 Generation Z respondents were involved in the study. The analysis revealed that FoMO has a significant impact on Generation Z's financial health, including the use of debt to keep up with the latest trends, which can ultimately lead to serious financial problems. The results showed that the fear of missing out on social media significantly contributes to the financial health of Generation Z, with a regression equation of Y = 39.220 - 0.572 X and a significance value (p) of 0.000 (less than 0.05), indicating that the hypothesis is accepted. In other words, the fear of missing out on social media has a significant negative impact on the financial health of Generation Z, accounting for 48.3% of the financial health of Generation Z