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Network traffic has increased exponentially, revenue has not maintained the same pace. New methods should be explored to reduce this gap between traffic and revenue. While the OTN protocol implemented via DWDM offers many management and control area benefits, overall network CAPEX can be minimized in the design phase by planning both layers simultaneously. Multilayer redirection finds a middle ground between opaque and transparent networks across all traffic volumes. Cisco is the main equipment that is commonly used in Wide Area Networks or Wide Area Networks (WAN). With a Cisco router, information can also be forwarded to the address to be addressed. In this study, discusses the Optical Transport Network (OTN) and how the network topology forms in Cisco Packet Tracer 6.2 software.

The purpose of this study is to compare the learning outcomes of students who were taught a system of linear equations with two variables using the Contextual Teaching and Learning model versus those who were taught the same material using the Direct Instruction methodology. Class VIII-1, which used the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach, and class VIII-2, which used the Direct Instruction model, were the topics. This study used a Posttest Only Control Group Design and a Quasi-Experimental Method. The sample for this study was drawn from two classes, specifically classes VIII1 and VIII2, each of which included 25 pupils. Both classes were equal and uniform. This data analysis is tested using the t-test with the parameters tcount = 5.020 > ttable = 2.059. H1 is accepted because H0 is refused. For instance, the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) methodology can help students learn more effectively utilizing social math tools.

Technology-based learning media has become an important part of modern education. In the context of teaching informatics subjects, the use of android-based learning media can increase the effectiveness of learning. This study aims to develop learning media based on Android using iSpring Suite in informatics subjects, with a focus on computer hardware material. This study uses a multimedia development method which consists of five stages: needs analysis, design, development, evaluation, and implementation.   The results showed that the android-based learning media using the iSpring Suite in informatics subjects received positive responses from media experts who were involved in the development process. In conclusion, the development of Android-based learning media using the iSpring Suite in informatics subjects, especially in computer hardware material, can be used as a learning tool for students..

Technology-based learning media has become an important part of modern education. In the context of teaching informatics subjects, the use of android-based learning media can increase the effectiveness of learning. This study aims to develop learning media based on Android using iSpring Suite in informatics subjects, with a focus on computer hardware material. This study uses a multimedia development method which consists of five stages: needs analysis, design, development, evaluation, and implementation.   The results showed that the android-based learning media using the iSpring Suite in informatics subjects received positive responses from media experts who were involved in the development process. In conclusion, the development of Android-based learning media using the iSpring Suite in informatics subjects, especially in computer hardware material, can be used as a learning tool for students..

Students in the digital era expect more learning using technology. This requires teachers to modify learning by applying technology in it. This study tries to apply the ASSURE learning model with the integration of Wordwall Games media which can be accessed on each student's device in class. The uses of Wordwall Games media match with the ASSURE model because it links technology. Wordwall Games is a game specially designed for learning. This game can improve motivation in students' learning, so that learning in the technological era become more effective and efficient. This research based on classroom action research on discussion text material using the ASSURE model using Wordwall media in class IX at SMP Negeri 9 Semarang which is targeted in 2 learning cycles. The results showed that there was an students enhancement motivation in 2 learning cycles of learning as evidenced by increased of student learning outcomes. This proves that the ASSURE model and Wordwall media are fit to be applied in Indonesian learning, especially in discussion text.                                                                

Learning Indonesian contains material regarding news texts that students need to master. Based on observations at SMP N 19 Semarang, especially in class VII F, it shows that learning carried out on news text material has not been carried out effectively, and the material has not been fully conveyed properly in the learning process resulting in learning that cannot be said according to learning outcomes. Educators need to carry out activities to improve learning and deal with problems in the classroom, one of which is by designing learning media that can help facilitate the learning process. This model needs to be integrated with something that is currently closely related to students so that it can provide an imprinted and memorable learning experience for students. One model that is relevant to the characteristics of students is the ASSURE model. Based on the research that was conducted on 32 students at SMP N 19 Semarang, in the first cycle the average student assessment score was below the average score of 69.53, while in the second cycle there was an increase in student assessment scores with an average score. -class average 81.25. This proves that the application of the ASSURE model for digital pocket book learning media to news texts for class VII SMP can be said to be effective.      

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of research methodology learning with students' understanding in thesis writing. Research methodology plays an important role in equipping students with the knowledge and skills necessary to design, conduct and analyze research effectively. However, challenges in understanding the concepts of research methodology can affect students' ability to write quality thesis. Therefore, this study identified the challenges faced by students in learning research methodology and presented solutions that could be applied to increase learning effectiveness. The research method used was literature study and descriptive analysis. Data was collected through a literature review which included research articles, textbooks and other related sources of information. Data analysis was carried out by identifying common challenges in learning research methodology and recommendations that can be implemented to overcome these challenges. The results of the study indicate that a good understanding of research methodology has a positive impact on student thesis writing. Students who have a good understanding of research methodology tend to plan their research well, collect valid data, carry out appropriate data analysis, use relevant reference sources, and construct strong arguments in their thesis. However, there are challenges such as material complexity, limited resources, lack of practical experience, time constraints, and low motivation that need to be overcome. Recommendations to improve research methodology learning include developing a good curriculum, training lecturers, providing adequate resources and facilities, use of technology in learning, intensive individual guidance, and further research on the effectiveness of research methodology learning. By implementing these recommendations, students are expected to gain a better understanding of research methodology and apply it well in their thesis writing. This increased understanding will have an impact on the quality of thesis writing, a more significant contribution in the field of study, and better preparation for future academic or professional careers.

This study aims to develop scrapbook learning media to increase students' interest in learning fiqh at MI Al-Muttaqin. The problem faced is that fiqh learning tends to be boring because it uses more lecture methods, while students need interesting media to make it easier to understand fiqh material. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method which refers to the development steps of Borg & Gall. The study was conducted at MI Al-Muttaqin with the following results: first, the application of scrapbook learning media to fiqh subjects in grade III showed high student enthusiasm. Second, the development of this media was carried out through several development procedures with the results of the validity test showing very valid criteria, namely 96% for material validation and 84% for design validation. Third, there was a significant increase in student interest in learning, with an average value before using scrapbook media of 64.9% and increasing to 85.45% after using the media. This study concludes that the use of scrapbook media can increase students' interest and understanding of fiqh lessons.

Ankle injuries are among the most common injuries experienced by adolescent soccer players, often caused by poor stability and neuromuscular control. Ankle instability not only affects athletic performance but also increases the risk of recurrent injuries. One effective preventive and rehabilitative approach is dynamic balance training, such as the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). This study aimed to analyze the effect of education and SEBT exercises on ankle stability enhancement in U-15 soccer players at SSB Mandiri Medan. This research employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach, involving 20 male participants aged 13–15 years. The SEBT training program was conducted for four weeks, with a frequency of three sessions per week. Ankle stability was measured using reach distances in all eight directions of SEBT and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test to compare pre- and post-intervention results. The findings showed a significant improvement in SEBT reach scores (p < 0.05) and increased CAIT scores, indicating enhanced functional ankle stability. These results suggest that structured education and SEBT training can serve as an effective strategy for injury prevention and performance enhancement in young soccer athletes.

In the current era of modernization, many things have begun to use technological developments, including the delivery and dissemination of information. This development is marked by changes in methods in various fields, leaving manual methods and replacing them with the use of modern technology. With the rapid advancement of information technology, it makes it easier for business people to develop creativity and market a product, including the digital invitation business. This type of digital invitation is gaining popularity not only because it is considered easier to distribute, low production costs, and a variety of designs. Digital invitations are visually more attractive because media such as photos, text, animation and audio can be added. This study aims to analyze several articles related to public interest in digital invitation business opportunities. The design used is literature review, articles are collected using search engines such as neti.com, google scholar, and Sciencedirect. With the criteria for articles published in 2019-2021. Based on the articles collected, the results of the analysis show that digital invitations have considerable business potential for business people and make it easier for users to convey information.

Background: Hand washing facilities are one of the facilities that must be provided in public facilities such as markets to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The use of public hand hygiene facilities is required before passing through entrances and locations that are easily accessible in crowded areas so that people and traders can easily wash their hands during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose:To find out the description of traditional market hand washing facilities in Klungkung District during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The research design used in this study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach which was carried out on April 30 - May 1, 2021. The population in this study were all hand washing facilities at traditional markets in Klungkung District. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling. Data collection tools used in the form of observation sheets. Data analysis using univariate analysis. Results:The results showed that most of the traditional market hand washing facilities were in sufficient condition as many as 4 markets (57.1%) and were in good condition as many as 3 schools (42.9%). Conclusion: It is recommended to all market managers to continue to pay attention to the availability of components of hand washing facilities complete with clean conditions to prevent the chain of disease transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on mental health, including students. Symptoms that are quite dominant include not being able to think clearly, often feeling headaches, not sleeping well, easily feeling afraid, shaking hands, difficulty making decisions, easily tired and others. Students with mental health disorders are at risk of experiencing academic problems. Purpose: This study was to describe the mental health of nursing students after the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: The research design used is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach, which is a type of research where the measurement of the variables is only done once at a time. The research instrument for measuring students' mental health uses the Self-Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). The research population is level 1 nursing students in Purwokerto Nursing Study Program for the 2022/2023 academic year with a total of 133 students. The sampling technique used is total sampling.  Result; Respondents on average were 18 years old, mostly female, 117 people (88.00%), owned computer equipment, mostly owned by 98 people (73.70%), parents' income was mostly around Rp. 2 million - Rp. 4 million, namely 65 people (48.90%) and experiencing distress, namely 70 people (52.60%). Conclusion; most nursing students after the Covid-19 pandemic experienced distress.

Background: Life in prison can trigger stress that affects blood pressure. One way to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients is to use non-pharmacological therapy interventions. One of them is to use autogenic relaxation and music therapy methods. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of autogenic and music therapy on reducing blood pressure for inmates. Method: The research method is quasi-experimental, with one group pretest and posttest design. This research was conducted in a prison in the Surabaya area. The total sample of this study is 20 respondents. Result: After autogenic and music relaxation therapy, participants with normal blood pressure levels increased to 60%. Based on the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test result, it's known that p-value = 0,001 with (?<0.05), which means this program may affect participants' blood pressure. Conclusion: The use of autogenic and music therapy may reduce blood pressure. This program significantly lowered participants' perception of stress, and it enhanced their perception of health

Baground: The coverage of infants who received exclusive breastfeeding at the M. Taha Health Center was 59.26%, the last of the 14 health centers in Bengkulu Selatan Regency, due to one of the reasons for the lack of milk production. Oxytocin massage is one solution to overcome the non-smooth milk production. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to study the effect of oxytocin massage therapy on the smoothness of breast milk in post partum’s women in the M. Taha Health Center, Bengkulu Selatan Regency. Method: This is research uses a pre-experimental with the One Group Pre-Test and Post Test Design Method. The population is all post partum’s women <24 hours in the working area of ??the M. Taha Health Center, Bengkulu Selatan Regency. Sampling used the Accidental Sampling technique, with a sample of 16 respondents. Data collection using interview techniques and oxytocin massage therapy treatment. Results: The results showed that from 16 respondents, the average value of the smoothness breast milk before the oxytocin massage treatment was 4.19 and the average value of the smoothness breast milk after the oxytocin massage treatment was 8.38. Conclusion: There is an effect of oxytocin massage therapy on the smoothness breast milk in post partum’s women in the Working Area of ??the M. Taha Health Center Bengkulu Selatan Regency. It is recommended to the Puskesmas that oxytocin massage therapy can be used as a permanent procedure as a post partum’s service at the Puskesmas and teach/socialize to mothers about oxytocin massage and its benefits for breast milk mothers.

Documents for some entities are confidential and important, so security is required. Encryption with Covertext and Reordering (ECR) is a text-based document security model. ECR uses a random key to generate the ciphertext. The ECR’s random key is selected using the human-generated method. This research aims to increase the level of document security based on the ECR mechanism. This paper proposes a new method by using a random key in a permutated table. The random key is generated automatically by a function. The entropy is used as a measurement of the security level of the encrypted documents. The experimental shows that the permutated table inside the ECR provides better entropy values. It implies a better security level. The use of permutated tables also makes it easier to use ECR to secure documents.

Purchase intention is an important factor for users in using the KAI Access transportation service because user buying interest will automatically appear when the user is sure and trusts and feels interested in the goods (services) being offered. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of price and service convenience on the buying interest of KAI Access users. This study uses KAI Access users as a population, and KAI Access users who are domiciled in Semarang as a sample. This research is a quantitative research using a non-experimental research design. Purposive sampling is sampling according to what is desired as a sampling method in this study. The data collection technique by distributing price questionnaires and the questionnaire used is the service convenience scale consisting of 13 items and the buying interest scale consisting of 13 items. The scale is presented using a Likert scale in intervals of 1-5 and questionnaires in intervals of 0-1 with a sample of 107. In this study, multiple linear regression analysis was used for the data analysis technique. In addition, hypothesis testing uses hypothesis testing (t-test), feasibility test (f-test), validity, reliability and normality, using the SPSS software. This study resulted in a statement that the price hypothesis has no significant effect on the purchase intention of KAI Access users. Meanwhile, service convenience has been empirically proven to have a significant effect on the purchase intention of KAI Access users. An important finding in this study is that there is no effect of price on the buying interest of KAI Access users.

This article was written to examine the new policy of the Ministry of Kemendikbud, namely the Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Design, and its Implications for Evaluation of Islamic Religious Education Learning. The emergence of this new curriculum is due to the results of an assessment conducted by PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) assessing that the quality of education in Indonesia is ranked 74th out of 79 countries. Broadly speaking, Indonesian education has experienced a very significant decline in literacy and numeracy. Starting from this phenomenon, the Ministry of Education and Culture designed a new curriculum design called independent learning. This study uses the Library Research method. Namely by collecting data and information in the form of texts, policy documents and previous studies on curriculum design in a formal institution. After studying the design of the Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar, this study analyses the implications of the Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar design with evaluation in Islamic religious education learning. The results of this study include, among others, that the new policy on the design of the Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar that will be applied in all formal education institutions in Indonesia is broadly as follows: 1) The national exam which previously only focused on the cognitive competence of students in the Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar has changed. become a minimum competency assessment that is held halfway through the education level process. 2) National standard school exams, which were formerly administered by the state, in this Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar were given to related educational institutions. 3) Simplification in compiling learning device documents. 4) Changes in the Zoning system in the admission of new students. Islamic religious education is a subject that is different from other subjects, this is because the learning process of Islamic religious education is coloured by divine spirits, from these divine spirits used to design an Islamic religious learning. Seeing the characteristics of the Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar that have been analysed above, the evaluation of Islamic religious education learning should be transformed into Authentic Assessment. In authentic research, Islamic education does not only assess students cognitively, but also assesses affectively (qolbiyah) and also morally (amaliyah).

Factors that cause hypertension are age, gender, family history, genetics (risk factors that cannot be changed/controlled), smoking habits, obesity, lack of physical activity, stress, use of estrogen and one of the factors that can cause hypertension is salt consumption patterns. with excessive intake. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of family support with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. The design used in this study is an analytic research design with a descriptive approach. The population in this study were 60 people. The sample in this study were 60 elderly people with hypertension. Data analysis using univariate analysis. And the data is presented in the form of tables and narratives. The results of the study showed that the family support of elderly respondents who was most commonly found in this study was in the negative category, totaling 46 people. In the degree of hypertension, the elderly respondents who were most commonly found in this study were in the category 1 hypertension category, namely 19 people. It was concluded that the most negative family support with the degree of hypertension found in this study was the category 1 hypertension.  

Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to attack humans, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is a stage or condition in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes minimally resistant to rifampicin administration and also insonicotinylhydrazine (INH). Extensive-drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is an MDR-TB with Mycobacterium tuberculosis immune characteristics against one of the fluoroquinolone class drugs and one of the second-line injection OAT (capreomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin). The aim of this study was to find out the description of variation in laboratory costs of MDR-TB/XDR patients on one treatment cycle. Method. The inclusion criteria were patients who had been diagnosed with MDR-TB/XDR and performed laboratory tests. The design of this study was a cross-sectional retrospective analytics using medical records of MDR-TB/XDR patients in MDR division. Results. There were 30 MDR-TB research subjects and 2 XDR-TB research subjects examined for laboratory examination. Comparison of laboratory mean of MDR-TB/XDR (p = 0,018). Discussion. There was a significant difference in the total cost of MDR-TB/XDR laboratory examinations in one treatment cycle. Conclusion. Laboratory examination of MDR-TB/XDR patients requires considerable cost, this is due to the side effects of OAT that require patient clinical monitoring.    

This study aims to determine the effect of the Realistic Mathematical Education (RME) approach on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in class VIII students of SMP IT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang Private Middle School in the 2022/2023 academic year. The type of research used is Quasi Experimental with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample used was 35 students who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques are carried out using test instruments. Data analysis technique is done by descriptive analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the average value in the experimental class is 87.3935 and in the control class is 54.3639, which means that there is a difference in the posttest average scores in the experimental class and the control class. Based on the Independent Sample T-Test, the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. The tcount value is 8.428 and the ttable value is 2.03452, which means that tcount > ttable then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Realistic Mathematical Education (RME) approach on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in class VIII students of Private Middle School IT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang.