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Islam prescribes marriage as a sacred and fundamental institution in human life, aiming to preserve dignity, lineage, and to build a harmonious (sakinah), loving (mawaddah), and compassionate (rahmah) family. In Islamic teachings, marriage can be conducted either monogamously or polygamously, with specific conditions. In Indonesia, polygamous practices are strictly regulated by various legal provisions, such as Law Number 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law. Nevertheless, polygamy remains a controversial issue in society, often carried out without fulfilling legal requirements, such as through unregistered (sirri) marriages. This phenomenon reflects a legal dualism between religious norms and state regulations. Furthermore, the social construction of polygamy shows that it is not merely a religious or legal issue, but also a product of social, cultural, economic dynamics, and the evolution of modern values. This study aims to explore how social construction shapes the perception and practice of polygamy and its implications for household harmony. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relevance of polygamy in contemporary society and its impact on family structure and child welfare.

The urgency of updating the approach in handling minor crimes is increasingly relevant amidst society's demands for a more just and humane legal system. This article aims to examine the concept of restorative justice as an alternative for resolving minor crimes and assess its relevance to the social justice agenda in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data was collected through literature studies, policy documentation, and in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials and community figures. The research results show that restorative justice is able to be a more efficient, inclusive and solution mechanism than the retributive approach, by prioritizing the restoration of relationships between perpetrators, victims and society. These findings strengthen restorative legal theory and provide a real contribution to the discourse on criminal law reform based on local values ​​and social justice. In conclusion, the implementation of restorative justice has great potential to strengthen social cohesion and build a more responsive and participatory legal system. This research recommends the need to strengthen regulations and training of officials to overcome obstacles in their implementation, as well as opening up space for further exploration in a broader context.

Krisis moral yang melanda dunia pendidikan modern menuntut pendekatan pendidikan karakter yang lebih mendalam dan integral. Meskipun kebijakan seperti Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK) telah digulirkan, implementasinya seringkali hanya bersifat simbolis dan tidak menyentuh akar pembinaan jiwa peserta didik. Studi ini mengkaji konsep pendidikan karakter dalam pandangan Ibnu Miskawaih, seorang filsuf Muslim abad ke-10, yang menekankan pentingnya penyucian jiwa (tazkiyat al-nafs), pembiasaan amal saleh, dan peran akal dalam membentuk perilaku moral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif melalui telaah kritis terhadap karya utama Ibnu Miskawaih, Tahdzib al-Akhlak, serta sumber sekunder yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa konsep karakter menurut Ibnu Miskawaih tidak hanya menekankan aspek lahiriah, tetapi juga pembentukan moral batiniah melalui integrasi spiritual, intelektual, dan etis. Pendekatannya yang menyeimbangkan akal dan nafsu menjadi sangat relevan dalam merespon degradasi moral, krisis integritas, dan pragmatisme pendidikan saat ini. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih dapat dijadikan fondasi bagi pengembangan kurikulum karakter yang tidak hanya mencerdaskan secara kognitif, tetapi juga membentuk manusia berakhlak dan bermartabat. Studi ini juga merekomendasikan integrasi nilai-nilai klasik Islam ke dalam sistem pendidikan nasional sebagai langkah strategis menuju pendidikan yang transformatif dan berakar pada nilai spiritual.

This article aims to explore how the relationship between God and humans (Creator and creation) in relation to their responsibilities as humans to try to keep the earth free from damage that will certainly harm humans themselves. Humans as God's partners on earth are also given a mandate to keep the earth good as in the creation narrative that everything created by God is truly very good. It turns out that the narrative was ignored and turned bad. Humans who were given reason by God, turned out not to use their reason well. Humans who were given a mandate to protect nature well, instead exploited nature arbitrarily. So, nature cannot be friendly with humans, so that lately we have felt the very high heat of the sun and it stings the skin sharply. It is very clear that the heat of the sun that shines is not like the heat that was some time ago not as hot as recently. Perhaps this is the cause of global warming. The world is getting hotter because the ozone layer can no longer withstand the hot and dangerous ultraviolet rays (sun). There is no doubt, global warming will be a universal disaster that will slowly but surely destroy this "very good" world. But whether we realize it or not, this is the result of human actions: deforestation and illegal logging, the greenhouse effect, the use of air conditioning are the causes. Will the world return to chaos because of human activities? In fact, God created this world which was originally chaotic to be good, even very good, in accordance with His purpose to proclaim His glory. Therefore, let's be colleagues with Allah who has been given the mandate in this world to maintain the goodness of this world.

One branch of Christian theology is Christology which focuses on the study of Jesus Christ. Specifically, it talks about who Jesus Christ is, His nature as God and man (Divine nature and human nature), His position, His presence as a savior, reconciler, redeemer of human sins and talks about the teachings of Christ that are useful in everyday life for Christians. Studying Christology, increases knowledge and also knows His teachings that function to help face life's challenges. Christology is not just a religious study but is useful for strengthening faith, increasing hope, and improving the spiritual life of Christians. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach through literature study. This research concluded that by studying Christology and the teachings of Christ, as Christians we can emulate what Christ taught such as love and forgiveness, sacrifice and service and behavior in life.  

Constitusionalism, as a fundamental principle upholding the rule of law and the recognition of fundamental rights of citizens, holds crucial relevance in the formation of laws in Indonesia. The primary objective of constitusionalism in this context is to ensure the alignment of statutory regulations with the noble values enshrined in the 1945 Constitusion of the Replubic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). The legislative process in Indonesia, which is based on the principles of democracy, justice, and respect for human roghts, necessitates contitutionalism as a mtehodological guideline. This research employs a qualitative research method with a literature study apporoach. Through an indepth analysis of various legal and theoretical sources, this study explores how constitutionalism influences the formation of laws, including ensuring the absence of substantive and procedural contradictions with the UUD 1945. Furthermore, this research examines the role of conctitutionakism in regulating the relations between state institutions in the legislative process, strengthening the function of the Constitutional Court in judical review and limiting the potential for abuse of power. Consequently, this research argues that the relevence of constitutionalism the quality of the resulting laws, as well as their implications for the justice and welfare of all Indonesian people.

This research is a theological study of Job's suffering. In order to make this suffering relevant to believers, one of the books that attracts attention to be discussed is the book of Job. Job's story is still a topic of conversation to this day when someone faces suffering. Suffering can be experienced by humans, both men and women, both young and old, rich and poor, even children. Every Christian person or family must have faced tragedies in their own lives, for example death, loss of property, illness, economic crisis and ect. Job was a man who was pious, honest, feared God and shunned evil and could experience severe and extreme suffering. The goal is that Christians are motivated to persist in the faith, when suffering is unavoidable.                 Based on a theological study of the story of Job's suffering, several correct understandings of the emergence of suffering are obtained which are relevant for the lives of Christian families who experience suffering and strengthen Christian families who experience suffering. The Christian family cannot be separated from the reality of suffering and one day the Christian's faith will be tested by God. However, this suffering should make you increasingly know God and glorify Him.

Artikel ini bertujuan membahas tentang pentingnya model pengajaran dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan melalui analisis terhadap model pengajaran yang digunakan oleh Yesus Kristus dengan pola perumpamaan. Model pengajaran merupakan konsep yang digunakan dalam merancang proses pembelajaran, dan memainkan peran kunci dalam membangun dan meningkatkan kemanusiaan. Penting bagi seorang guru untuk memilih metode pengajaran yang tepat guna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang rancangkan, termasuk menggunakan pola perumpamaan dalam mengajar seperti yang dicontohkan Tuhan Yesus Kristus dalam pengajaran-Nya untuk menyampaikan kebenaran Firman bagi banyak orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yang ketika dianalisis secara reduktif mengungkapkan hasil bahwa perumpamaan sebagai cerita pendek yang mengandung makna dalam dan digunakan oleh Yesus untuk menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip spiritual secara tidak langsung bagi pengikut-Nya. Pola perumpamaan juga dapat digunakan oleh guru Kristen ketika menjelaskan materi di dalam kelas. Pembahasan juga menganalisis tentang jenis-jenis perumpamaan yang digunakan oleh Yesus, dan relevansinya dalam pengajaran modern, selain itu model pengajaran dengan pola perumpamaan telah menjadi inspirasi bagi guru-guru Kristen dalam mengembangkan strategi pengajaran yang efektif untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan.

Ibn Sina (Avicenna), a 10th-century Muslim philosopher, scientist, and educator, has made major contributions to Islamic educational thought. This paper aims to examine the relevance of Ibn Sina's educational thought in the context of modern Islamic educational philosophy. Through a qualitative approach with literature study, this article analyzes Ibn Sina's ideas on the goals of education, stages of child development, and learning methods, as well as their relationship to the challenges of contemporary Islamic education. The results of the study show that Ibn Sina's thoughts are not only philosophical but also applicable, and remain relevant in efforts to build a holistic and sustainable Islamic education system.

One of the challenges often faced by church leaders is the inability to set a consistent example, which results in the dependence of the ministry and the declining trust of the congregation. This is caused by the imbalance between spirituality and integrity, the influence of lust, and weak spiritual discipline. This study aims to exmine the qualifications of church leaders in general, and analyze their relevance for God’s service in the present era. The method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic descriptive-analytical approach, accompanied by a literature study sourced from theological literature, tafsir, and related articles. The result show that church leaders must have moral integrity, self-control, loyalty, wisdom, skill, teaching, and a good reputation. These criteria become the foundation of spiritual leadership eligiblity. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that servants of God must live in love, live simply, be authoritative, humble and able to adjust to the dynamics of today’s ministry.

This study aims to evaluate the relevance of accounting information values, specifically Return on Assets (ROA), Earnings Per Share (EPS), and Non-Public Ownership (NPO), in investment decision-making. The research employs a quantitative method, utilizing a sample of 49 companies in the infrastructure, utilities, and transportation sector. Multiple linear regression analysis is applied to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that EPS and Non-Public Ownership significantly influence stock price movements, while ROA shows no significant effect on stock prices. The implications of this study highlight the importance of considering NPO and the relevance of accounting information values such as EPS, while also acknowledging the potential risks associated with ROA in the investment decision-making process.

This study examines the tax policies during the time of Abu Yusuf, a prominent Islamic scholar and economist who significantly contributed to the Islamic financial system through his work Kitab al-Khara. The research aims to analyze Abu Yusuf's taxation concepts, their implementation during the Abbasid Caliphate, and their relevance to modern taxation systems, particularly in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The findings indicate that Abu Yusuf favored a proportional tax system (muqasamah) over a fixed tax system (misahah), as it is fairer and more adaptable to economic fluctuations. He also emphasized the importance of tax officials' integrity, transparency in tax administration, and strict supervision of tax collectors to prevent corruption. This study highlights that Abu Yusuf’s taxation principles remain relevant in modern taxation systems, particularly in terms of fairness, efficiency, and fiscal transparency.

This article delves into the political thought of Al-Mawardi and its relevance to the contemporary political landscape of Indonesia. As a classical Islamic thinker, Al-Mawardi emphasized the necessity of a strong and stable government based on Sharia principles. His ideas on leadership, state authority, and the relationship between scholars and rulers remain fundamental in Islamic political studies. Using a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical method, this study explores how Al-Mawardi’s concepts continue to be applicable in modern Indonesian politics. The findings reveal that several of his ideas, such as the concept of ideal leadership and the role of the government in maintaining stability, remain relevant within Indonesia’s political system. This is particularly evident in efforts to establish a just government that prioritizes public welfare while aligning with Islamic values.

Islamic economics has been practiced since the time of the Prophet Muhammad. However, at that time until several centuries later there was no special classification of disciplines for economics, causing several Muslim works to be lost. The role of scholars in this case is very influential in the sustainability of Islamic economics both in terms of theory and implementation. This journal aims to review the thoughts of Islamic economics from scholars, one of whom is Imam Abu Hanifah. By matching whether Imam Abu Hanifah's thoughts are still relevant and can be applied in the modern era. The method used is research with the study method used is library research. Where researchers use books, journals, periodical articles, yerbooks, bulletins, annual reviews, historical records, magazines, and newspapers as the main subject of their study. The results of this study are that Imam Abu Hanifah's thoughts on the salam contract are still relevant and can be implemented in the modern era. although not all sales and purchase contracts can use the salam contract method because there are several conditions that must be met in this contract.

The history of Islamic economic thought has developed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad and continues to experience enrichment by Muslim scholars. These thinkers tried to build Islamic economic concepts that are relevant to the context of their times, while still based on the Qur'an and Hadith. One of the important figures in Islamic economic thought is Abu Ubaid, whose main work Kitab al-Amwal is the main reference in understanding the classical Islamic economic system. In his work, Abu Ubaid emphasizes the importance of justice as the main principle in economic management, including the use of money. He views money as having two main functions, namely as a standard of value and a medium of exchange. His views show strong relevance to the modern economic system, where the function of money still plays an important role in economic activity. This paper aims to examine in depth Abu Ubaid's thoughts on the function of money and assess its relevance in the context of contemporary economics.

This study aims to analyze the concept of economic justice according to Ibn Taimiyah and examine its relevance to the challenges of the modern economic system. Through a qualitative approach based on literature studies, it was found that principles such as honesty in trade, justice in the distribution of wealth, state involvement in maintaining market balance, and the prohibition of exploitation and monopoly are important foundations in Ibn Taimiyah's thinking. These values ​​have proven to remain contextual in facing the problems of global economic inequality, the dominance of large corporations, and the crisis of social justice in the modern era. The integration of the principles of ethics and justice promoted by Ibn Taimiyah is the key to building a more humane, inclusive, and sustainable economic order

Unemployment remains a structural problem in Indonesia with an open unemployment rate reaching 4.91% (BPS, 2024). This study aims to examine the concept of kasb (earning a living) from the perspective of Imam Al-Syaibani and its relevance in the socio-economic context of contemporary Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach, collecting and analyzing classical to contemporary literature related to Al-Syaibani's thoughts and the issue of unemployment. The results of the study show that the concept of kasb emphasizes work as worship that must be carried out in a halal manner, oriented towards a balance between individual (self-interest) and social (public-interest) interests. Al-Syaibani classifies economic endeavors into four types: ijarah (rent), tijarah (trade), zaira'ah (agriculture), and sina'ah (industry), with agriculture as the main sector that brings blessings. This concept is relevant to improving work ethic, productivity, and social responsibility, so that it can be a theoretical and practical solution in reducing unemployment. The integration of spiritual values ​​in economic activities, such as the intention of worship and fair distribution of wealth, can encourage collective welfare. This study contributes to the development of Islamic economics by offering a holistic perspective that combines moral and technical dimensions in overcoming unemployment

This study aims to analyze the economic thought of Ibn Khaldun and its relevance to the modern economic system. Employing a qualitative approach through library research and document analysis, the study examines key concepts in Al-Muqaddimah, such as the economic cycle theory, market mechanisms, the role of the state, and distributive justice advocated by Ibn Khaldun. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun’s economic thought holds significant relevance in addressing modern economic challenges, particularly social inequality, wealth redistribution, and market regulation. Empirical studies on the implementation of zakat systems in Malaysia and modern economic theories like Keynesianism and institutional economics support these findings. Therefore, integrating Ibn Khaldun’s classical economic values into contemporary economic policies can enhance the stability, justice, and sustainability of the global economic system. This research contributes to enriching Islamic economic literature and offers practical solutions for inclusive and equitable economic development.

This study examines the concept of fair pricing according to Ibn Taymiyyah and its relevance in modern economics. In Ibn Taymiyyah’s perspective, fair pricing is not solely determined by market mechanisms but also by moral values and social balance. The aim of this study is to analyze Ibn Taymiyyah’s thoughts on fair pricing and its implications for today’s economic system. The research method used is a qualitative approach with literature analysis of Ibn Taymiyyah’s works and contemporary Islamic economic studies. The findings show that Ibn Taymiyyah’s concept of fair pricing reflects a balance supply and demand, based on principles of justice, transparency, and public welfare. This concept has the potential to serve as a solution to price disparities in the current global economy.

Ibn Khaldun is recognized as a prominent Muslim thinker who made significant contributions to the fields of economics, sociology, and politics. In his seminal work Muqaddimah, he introduced economic ideas that were far ahead of his time, including the concepts of national wealth, wage theory, market mechanisms, and the role of the state in fiscal policy. This study aims to examine the core economic thoughts of Ibn Khaldun and their relevance to current economic dynamics. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on literature review, the study finds that many of Khaldun's ideas remain highly relevant, particularly regarding the importance of productivity, fiscal justice, and the integration of social and economic aspects in building a sustainable system. Most people know that Ibn Khaldun is one of the most famous Muslim thinkers, and he did a lot in the fields of politics, economics, and sociology.  In his monumental work, Muqaddimah discusses various long-established economic concepts, such as the market mechanism, wage theory, national wealth, and the role of the state in fiscal policy.  The purpose of this research is to study Ibn Khaldun's ideas on economics and evaluate how these impact contemporary economic developments.  The study found that many of Khaldun's ideas are still relevant today thanks to the use of descriptive qualitative methodology based on literature study. A sustainable and inclusive economic system relies on the idea of productivity as the source of economic growth, fiscal justice in the taxation system, and integration between social and economic aspects.  The results show that classical economic thought not only has historical value, but also offers solutions to many modern economic problems such as inequality, productivity stagnation, and institutional crisis.