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This journal article explores the application of multicultural counseling for students who experience identity-based intolerance and discrimination in school settings. Such experiences often affect students’ psychological well-being, self-esteem, and their ability to grow academically and socially. Multicultural counseling is understood as an approach that places cultural, religious, ethnic, gender, and other personal identity backgrounds at the center of the recovery process. This study highlights the role of counselors in building safe and empathetic relationships, understanding students’ identity dynamics, and applying counseling techniques that align with their lived experiences. The article also emphasizes the importance of collaboration among counselors, teachers, and school administrators in creating an inclusive environment. These efforts include developing anti-discrimination policies, strengthening diversity education, and establishing ongoing support mechanisms. Through a holistic approach, multicultural counseling not only helps students recover from the impact of discrimination but also supports the creation of a school culture that is fair and respectful of differences. This article is intended to serve as a reference for educators and school counselors in designing culturally responsive interventions that address the needs of students affected by intolerance.

This study explores the representation of hegemonic masculinity in The Super Mario Bros (2023), focusing on the character Bowser as a central figure of dominance and authority. Using Connell’s (2005) theory of hegemonic masculinity, this research identifies the masculine traits manifested through Bowser’s verbal and non-verbal expressions. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method with textual analysis on thirty selected scenes from the film. The findings reveal that Bowser exhibits all seven traits of hegemonic masculinity, including aggression and competition, dominance and control, physical strength, emotional restraint, risk-taking, sexual conquest, and self-confidence. Among these, aggression and competition (23.3%) and dominance and control (20%) are the most prominent. Bowser’s masculinity reflects how patriarchal ideals are embedded within modern animated cinema, emphasizing control, strength, and emotional suppression. This study contributes to the understanding of how traditional masculinity continues to be reproduced in contemporary media, influencing audience perceptions of male identity and power.

Cytokines and Vitamin K in crohn’s disease patients have been evaluated to discover the conceivable via biomarkers of diagnosed patients compared to control. Sera samples of Eighty patients and control of both genders. forty patients diagnosed crohn’s which the span of age between (20-36) years and 40 healthy volunteers as a control with span age (18-39) years. The patient were guests to Marjan hospital in Babylon city during the period (1/July/2025 to 1/September/2025). The current results showed a significant difference in statistic marks at (P<0.05). Vitamin K in patients below control. There is significance different between values of patients and controls in Magnesium, Calcium, Vitamin K, InterL10 and Toll-like receptor 4. According to word axel, there is magnitude significant relationship among cytokine InterL10 and Toll-like receptor 4, Magnesium, Calcium, & Vitamin K. The cytokines both InterL10 and Toll-like receptor 4 patients’ levels larger than control levels. Calcium and Magnesium which there is significance variance between both patients and Control

This study examines the Coldplay Gate phenomenon as a reflection of gender inequality and weak ethical relations in the workplace. The event, which began as a personal issue in the entertainment sphere, evolved into a public discourse because it revealed the vulnerability of women within organizational power structures. The workplace, which should uphold professionalism, instead demonstrates gender bias, subordination, and dysfunctional practices that undermine institutional integrity. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study as the main method. Data were collected from news articles, research reports, and official publications from both national and international institutions such as the World Bank Gender Data Portal (2024), Statistics Indonesia (BPS, 2024), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and Populix (2024). Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify key themes, including women’s subordination, abuse of power relations, and weak organizational ethics. The findings indicate that Coldplay Gate should not be understood merely as a personal scandal but as a reflection of unequal workplace structures. Empirical data reinforce this conclusion, such as women’s labor participation of only 55.41 percent, limited representation in strategic positions (15 percent of CEOs are women), and high levels of workplace discrimination (45 percent). These findings highlight the need for ethical awareness and gender sensitivity to be internalized within organizational culture. The study concludes that formal regulations must be accompanied by the development of a fair, safe, and inclusive professional culture, enabling workplaces to function as equal spaces for all individuals without barriers based on gender or power relations.

The 2024 simultaneous regional elections reaffirm the persistent underrepresentation of women in local politics, despite a gradual rise in female political participation. Amid the dominance of patriarchal political structures, the victory of Dilla Hich as Regent of Tanjung Jabung Timur emerges as a significant phenomenon that reflects a shift in local electoral dynamics while opening broader opportunities for women’s political representation. This study aims to analyze the political strategies employed by Dilla Hich and examine how her identity and social positioning as a woman contributed to her electoral success. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation from official sources. The findings indicate that Dilla Hich’s success was not solely rooted in her social capital and extensive political networks but also in the adaptive combination of offensive and defensive political strategies she implemented. Offensive strategies were reflected in the expansion of new voter bases and the strengthening of her personal image, while defensive strategies focused on maintaining loyal supporters and consolidating internal networks. Additionally, the strategic use of gender identity enhanced public acceptance of her leadership. This study concludes that Dilla Hich’s victory demonstrates how structured, inclusive, and adaptive political strategies can challenge patriarchal dominance and create greater opportunities for women in local electoral politics.

The use of gongs and drums in the liturgy of the Catholic Church in Timor is a tangible form of inculturation, which is a process of dialogue between faith and local culture that enriches the spiritual experience and strengthens the identity of the people. Gongs and drums, which in Timorese culture have a symbolic meaning as a means of communication with ancestors and a marker of unity, are presented in the liturgy as a means of spiritual and cultural expression, making the liturgy a meeting space between tradition and faith. This process not only adds an aesthetic dimension, but also deepens the spiritual appreciation of the people and strengthens the liturgical communion. However, inculturation also brings theological and pastoral challenges, such as the risk of syncretism and cultural abuse, so adequate pastoral assistance and liturgical education are needed in order for the process to maintain the integrity of the faith and the values of the liturgical screen. Thus, inculturation is carried out wisely as a means of establishing faith, strengthening the identity of the local Church, and deepening the spiritual experience of the people in the land of Timor.

This study aims to analyze how Islamic education policy in Indonesia functions as a social mechanism in shaping and maintaining societal integration amidst modern social change. Based on Émile Durkheim's functionalism theory, this study views Islamic education as an institution that plays a vital role in maintaining moral order, social solidarity, and preventing symptoms of anomie resulting from an imbalance between traditional values and the demands of modernity. The approach used is qualitative with an exploratory-descriptive orientation, with data collection techniques through literature studies of policy documents, institutional reports, and related scientific research results. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to interpret the social function of the policy based on the concepts of social solidarity, division of labor, and anomie. The results show that policies such as madrasah integration, religious moderation programs, and teacher professionalization have a manifest function in expanding access to education, increasing social mobility, strengthening gender equality, and strengthening cohesion between religious communities. However, latent functions are also found in the form of bureaucratization of educational institutions, resource inequality, and value resistance among local communities. These findings confirm that Islamic education policy operates ambivalently: as an integrative instrument that strengthens social solidarity, but also as an arena for value negotiation between tradition and modernity. Therefore, Islamic education policy needs to be directed in a more contextual and participatory manner to optimally function as an agent of inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable social transformation for modern Indonesian society.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease whose exact cause is not yet fully understood. This condition is characterized by damage to the articular cartilage, resulting in pain, joint stiffness, decreased muscle strength, muscle spasms, and reduced functional activity of the patient. Several factors contribute to the development of osteoarthritis, including age, gender, race, genetic factors, smoking habits, history of trauma, type of occupation or physical activity, exercise habits, and obesity. The prevalence of osteoarthritis increases with age; among individuals aged 65–74 years, approximately 39% experience knee osteoarthritis and 23% experience hip osteoarthritis. In those over 70 years old, almost all individuals, both men and women, show symptoms of this condition. Osteoarthritis is a chronic progressive disease characterized by inflammation of the articular cartilage and synovial membrane, which causes persistent pain, joint stiffness, decreased muscle strength, and reduced mobility. Physiotherapy management for this condition aims to reduce pain, improve muscle strength, and enhance joint function. Common therapeutic modalities used include Shortwave Diathermy (SWD), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), and the Hold Relax exercise technique, which helps relax muscles and increase joint range of motion

Female puppeteers often face various obstacles in their personal and professional development due to the limitations imposed by social constructs, which dictate that female puppeteers must resemble their male counterparts in terms of style, technique, and character. In this context, gender becomes a barrier that hinders women from fully expressing their identity and creativity freely within the world of wayang (traditional Javanese puppetry). As a result, few women dare to develop their personal perspectives and thoughts into artistic works. In fact, women possess great opportunities and significant potential to create and cultivate wayang literature in innovative and meaningful ways. Amidst these challenges and prevailing stereotypes, Nyi Lucia Siti Aminah Subanto remains consistently active in her creative pursuits, particularly in the development of wayang wahyu (a type of Christian-themed wayang). Her distinctive style and artistic approach greatly contribute to her presence in the world of puppetry and radio media. This study examines gender roles, the characteristics of her pakeliran (performance), and her contributions to the Wayang Wahyu community “Ngajab Rahayu,” using theories by Kamla Bhasin, Sunuh, Robbins, and Gibson.

This study examines the implementation of Fardhu kifayah counseling in Telagah Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency, focusing on the social and cultural problems and challenges faced by the local community. Telagah Village is known for its rich history, strong traditions, and local wisdom that shape its social life. However, in the practice of handling the deceased, several issues remain, including limited community knowledge, lack of regeneration among younger members, inadequate facilities, and the absence of a designated team responsible for the Fardhu kifayah process. These limitations often lead to dependence on a few individuals who possess the necessary skills, creating sustainability concerns in the long run. Furthermore, cultural aspects such as conservative norms, gender role divisions, and deeply rooted customs influence how the community perceives and accepts Fardhu kifayah counseling. The study highlights that successful implementation requires not only technical guidance but also sensitivity to local values and traditions. Strengthening community participation and fostering collaboration between religious leaders and local authorities are essential to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of Fardhu kifayah education in Telagah Village.

This community service program was implemented to strengthen the capacity of the SIJATI Business Group in managing oyster mushroom cultivation in Sait Buttu Saribu Village, Simalungun Regency. This activity was motivated by the group's great potential in oyster mushroom production, but still faces obstacles in production, marketing, and business management aspects. The method used was a participatory-collaborative approach through stages of socialization, training, mentoring, provision of modern production equipment, strengthening digital marketing, and business management coaching. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the group's capacity. From a production aspect, the use of a stainless steel steamer machine and modern baglog racks increased time efficiency, saved energy, and doubled production capacity. From a marketing aspect, digital marketing training and collaboration with students as resellers expanded market reach, increased consumer interaction, and drove increased turnover. From a management aspect, digital-based financial records and assistance with business legality strengthened institutions and opened opportunities for access to capital. This program also had a social impact by increasing the economic contribution of housewives who were members of the group, thereby contributing to the welfare of the village community. Overall, strengthening the capacity of the SIJATI group aligns with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in poverty alleviation, gender equality, and inclusive economic growth. Therefore, this activity can serve as a model for empowering competitive and sustainable local commodity-based MSMEs.

The goal of the current study was to identify the motifs found in the pertinent empirical literature. Following a thorough review of the literature, the current study found that globalization has affected the employment rate, exacerbated gender disparities, and altered trade and employment in the labor market. Additionally, the study found that FDI has several significant impacts on sectorial employment, employment productivity, employment in the private sector, and employment creation. The study also showed that the mixed impacts of remittances on labor and employment vary across economies. In a similar vein, it has been demonstrated that trade openness influences employment shifts. Furthermore, the analysis highlights that technological advancement, often accelerated by globalization, contributes to labor market polarization by increasing the demand for high-skilled workers while reducing opportunities for low-skilled labor. The study emphasizes that while globalization offers opportunities for economic growth, it also poses challenges in achieving inclusive and equitable employment. Therefore, effective policy measures are required to balance trade liberalization, foreign investment inflows, and domestic labor protection. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how globalization shapes employment dynamics and economic structures, offering insights for policymakers aiming to promote sustainable labor market development.

This research is entitled "Theology of Embrace: Perspectives of Indonesian Christian Pastors on Concern for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People." The focus of the research is directed at how pastors of the Indonesian Christian Church (HKI) understand and respond to the presence of the LGBT community within the congregation, as well as how the concept of embrace theology can be implemented in Church services. The background of this research arises from the persistence of stigma, discrimination, and rejection of LGBT people in the church environment, which impacts their alienation from fellowship. This research method uses a qualitative with a descriptive approach, the researcher interviewed 10 HKI pastors in 9 regions to explore their perspectives. The results show that 3 HKI pastors still hold conservative views regarding LGBT, viewing it as behavior that is contrary to the values ​​of Christian faith. There are also 7 pastors who are starting to open themselves to embracing LGBT people through a more humane and compassionate pastoral approach. The concept of embrace theology according to Miroslav Volf is a relevant theological offer for creating an inclusive church space, solidarity, and relationship restoration. This research is expected to contribute to the church, especially HKI, in formulating pastoral policies that are fair, relevant, and in line with the values ​​of Christ's love for all people without exception.

Hand measurements are known to provide a good estimate of a person's height, which is particularly useful in the process of identifying human remains that are dismembered or separated due to various circumstances. Such conditions often occur during mass disasters, murders, airplane crashes, train collisions, and highway accidents. In forensic anthropology, hand length is one of the body measurements that can help estimate height when complete body parts are not available. This study aims to examine the relationship between hand length and height specifically in individuals from the Jambi Malay tribe, one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia. The research design used is analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The type of data used is primary data, obtained directly from 56 respondents belonging to the Jambi Malay tribe, both male and female. Statistical analysis showed that all independent variables — the length of the right and left hands, both in men and women, as well as without gender distinction — had a significant relationship with height. This is indicated by a P-value < 0.05 (P = 0.001). These results suggest that hand length can be a reliable predictor of height in this ethnic group. The study also highlights the importance of conducting further research involving other body parts and ethnic groups to support broader forensic identification efforts.

Gender mainstreaming (PUG) is a development strategy that integrates gender equality as a key principle in planning and budgeting. The city of Semarang has adopted this approach in various policy documents; however, its implementation still faces significant challenges. This study aims to evaluate the achievement of the seven prerequisites for PUG according to the guidelines from the Ministry of PPPA, including commitment, policies, institutional frameworks, resources, sex-disaggregated data, gender analysis tools (GAP and GBS), and community participation. The research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach, employing in-depth interviews, document studies, and questionnaires. Key informants include local government organizations (OPDs) and civil society representatives. Data analysis is carried out using Miles & Huberman's interactive model with thematic analysis. The findings show that normative prerequisites such as policies and institutional frameworks are in place, but implementation remains weak, particularly in the use of sex-disaggregated data and the application of GAP-GBS. Supporting factors for success include leadership commitment from specific OPDs and the existence of cross-sector coordination forums, while the main obstacles are limited human resource capacity and insufficient gender-responsive budget allocation. This study reinforces the relevance of policy implementation theory in bridging the gap between normative frameworks and operational practices. Recommendations include ongoing training, mainstreaming sex-disaggregated data, and technical regulations that all OPDs must follow to enhance the effectiveness of PUG.

Indonesia’s correctional system is designed not only as a form of punishment but also as a means of rehabilitation, enabling inmates to return to society as good, productive, and responsible citizens. Female inmates, however, have unique characteristics and needs compared to male inmates, requiring rehabilitation approaches that are more gender-sensitive and responsive to their conditions. This study analyzes the role of the Activity Guidance Unit in implementing rehabilitation programs for female inmates at the Class IIA Women’s Detention Center in Medan. Using a socio-legal research method with descriptive analysis, the research identifies the Activity Guidance Unit as playing a strategic and multifaceted role: acting as planner of activities, facilitator of skills training, psychosocial companion to address emotional and social needs, and evaluator of rehabilitation outcomes. The strategies applied combine holistic approaches with individual and group methods, including vocational training, counseling, and personality development programs. The results demonstrate that these integrated approaches not only improve the personal capacity of female inmates but also foster resilience, self-confidence, and readiness for social reintegration. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive and gender-sensitive rehabilitation programs as a vital component of Indonesia’s correctional system in fulfilling human rights and correctional objectives.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with a continuously increasing global prevalence. Understanding the characteristics of patients is essential for early detection, clinical management, and prevention of complications. Objective: To identify the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Dukuh Kupang Primary Health Center, Surabaya, based on age, gender, routine check-ups, duration of illness, body mass index (BMI), and complications. Methods: This descriptive observational study employed a cross-sectional approach and was conducted from January to February 2025. A total of 30 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were obtained from medical records and supplemented by questionnaires. Results: Most patients were aged >60 years (57%), female (60%), had a normal BMI (50%), and adhered to routine medical check-ups (97%). The majority had been diagnosed for more than 5 years (53%) and experienced complications (83%), with neuropathy being the most common type (73%). Conclusion: Patients with DM type 2 at Dukuh Kupang Health Center were predominantly elderly, female, had a normal BMI, and experienced neuropathic complications.

Women in traditional societies often face complex challenges, particularly within patriarchal social systems. In Batak Toba culture, women are frequently placed in subordinate positions and regarded merely as complements within the household. However, social realities reveal a different dynamic, where women are able to emerge as key actors in sustaining family economies while also preserving cultural identity. This study aims to examine the resilience of female ulos weavers in Siraja Hutagalung Village from a socio-theological perspective. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five main informants who work as ulos weavers, while secondary data came from literature studies related to women’s resilience issues. The analysis refers to resilience theory and gender role theory. The findings show that female ulos weavers hold a central role in family life. Their weaving is not only a cultural product but also symbolizes spiritual strength, loyalty, and independence. Thus, women’s resilience is not merely a social reality but also a tangible expression of spirituality embedded in daily life.

In inheritance law, the Qur’an typically stipulates a 2:1 distribution, where men receive two parts and women one. This division is often justified by the idea that men are responsible for earning a living, with women not typically involved in financial support. However, feminist exegete Amina Wadud argues that this distribution is not based on justice. She emphasizes that the primary consideration in inheritance should be the benefits the heirs will receive, rather than gender. This study aims to analyze inheritance distribution in Qs. al-Nisā’ verses 11-12 from Amina Wadud's feminist perspective, specifically her critique of the 2:1 ratio. The study is a qualitative library research study titled "Inheritance in the Review of Justice and Benefit Perspective Amina Wadud." The primary source is Wadud's book Women in the Qur'an and the Qur'an According to Women, with secondary sources drawn from related articles and journals. The findings indicate that while the Qur'an generally assigns men a larger share, inheritance is not always distributed in a 2:1 ratio. The division varies depending on factors such as family relationships, with sometimes equal shares (1:1) or a different distribution (1:2), prioritizing justice and the benefits of the heirs.

This study aims to examine the implementation of librarians' personal competencies within the framework of the 4B concept (Beauty, Brain, Behaviour, Brave) at the Regional Library of Tulungagung Regency. The 4B concept was initially popularized in the pageant world but has since evolved into an approach applicable to service-oriented professions, including librarianship. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews with three informants: the Head of the Library and Archives Service and two female librarians who also serve as division heads. The findings indicate that each element of the 4B concept is evidently manifested in the personal competencies of female librarians. The beauty aspect reflects not only physical appearance but also personal integrity and efforts to create an appealing service environment. Brain is demonstrated through mastery of knowledge and librarianship skills. Behaviour is reflected in professional attitudes, empathy, and work ethics in service interactions. Meanwhile, brave is embodied in the courage of female librarians to take on strategic roles, lead innovations, and face challenges in the public sphere. These findings reinforce the perspective that female librarians possess capabilities equal to their male counterparts in terms of professionalism and play an active role in challenging gender stereotypes in the library environment. This research contributes to the development of a humanistic and gender-equality-based librarian competency model.