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This article analyzes the fundamental differences between the mechanisms of fund collection and fund distribution in Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia, based on DSN-MUI Fatwas and banking regulations. In general, both types of banks serve the same function—to collect and distribute funds to support economic activities. However, the main distinction lies in their operational principles. Conventional banks operate using a fixed interest system, establishing a creditor–debtor relationship. In contrast, Islamic banks operate based on Sharia principles that prohibit riba (usury). In fund collection, conventional banks use interest-based savings and deposit products, while Islamic banks apply Wadiah (safekeeping) and Mudharabah (profit-sharing investment) contracts. Regarding fund distribution, conventional banks provide interest-bearing loans, whereas Islamic banks offer financing through Sharia contracts such as Murabahah (cost-plus sale), Musyarakah (partnership), Mudharabah (profit-sharing), and Ijarah (leasing), emphasizing cooperation and risk-sharing. Although Islamic banking is regulated under Law No. 21 of 2008 and DSN-MUI Fatwas, it still faces several challenges, including the dominance of Murabahah financing and the low level of public literacy regarding Islamic financial systems.

Poverty in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) remains a significant issue despite a decline in poverty rates in recent years. This study aims to identify the factors influencing poverty in DIY from social, economic, and structural perspectives, as well as to evaluate policies that can address this issue. The method used in this research is a literature review through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), examining various relevant sources on poverty in DIY and the poverty alleviation policies implemented in the region. The results of the study indicate that poverty in DIY is caused by several main factors, such as income inequality, low-quality education, low skill levels among the population, and limited access to business capital and productive resources. One policy that has proven effective in reducing poverty is the provision of access to capital and productive resources through microcredit schemes and agrarian reform. These programs not only provide capital but also enhance the ability of the poor to manage their businesses. These findings offer important insights into understanding poverty in DIY and suggest that policies supporting the empowerment of the poor through education, skills, and economic access can be an effective solution to reduce poverty in the long term..

value of the bankruptcy estate (boedel pailit) through the going concern principle. Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (UUK-PKPU) allows curators to continue the debtor’s business, particularly under Article 179 paragraph (1). However, the absence of clear normative parameters creates legal uncertainty and inconsistent practices. This study analyzes the application of the going concern principle in the settlement of bankruptcy estates following the annulment of homologated composition agreements and examines the urgency of technical implementing regulations. Using a normative juridical method supported by statutory analysis, court decisions, legal doctrines, and interviews, the research focuses on the cases of PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk. (Sritex) and PT Texmaco Perkasa Engineering Tbk. The findings reveal that going concern implementation depends not only on legal provisions but also on non-legal factors, such as transparency, asset control, capital availability, management credibility, and creditor support. Texmaco’s case shows approval when these conditions are met, while Sritex demonstrates rejection due to lack of transparency and unlawful activities. The study underscores the need for a Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) that establishes eligibility parameters, approval mechanisms, reporting obligations, and curator protection to ensure consistency, legal certainty, creditor protection, and greater economic benefits in Indonesian bankruptcy practice.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the murabahah contract in the Home Ownership Credit (KPR) financing product at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Cimahi Branch Office. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that the KPR financing mechanism at BSI Cimahi Branch Office has been running in accordance with sharia principles established by the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI). The process starts from customer application, wakalah contract, to the implementation of the murabahah contract with the principle of transparency of the principal price and profit margin agreed in advance and fixed throughout the financing tenor. The implementation of this system provides payment certainty for customers and protects against the risk of interest rate fluctuations. In terms of performance, Murabahah KPR financing at BSI Cimahi Branch Office has contributed significantly to the financing portfolio with a low level of Non-Performing Financing (NPF) and positive growth every year. However, challenges still exist in the amount of the down payment and the attachment of a fixed margin that can be a burden for customers with limited financial capabilities. Overall, the murabahah contract has proven to be an effective, transparent, and sharia-compliant instrument in supporting home ownership for the Muslim community in Indonesia.

Islamic banking plays a crucial role in providing financing in accordance with Islamic principles, including through the Home Ownership Credit (KPR) product. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Murabahah and Musyarakah Mutanaqishah (MMQ) contracts in the iB Hijrah KPR financing product at Bank Muamalat KCP Rancaekek. The Murabahah contract is implemented through a sale and purchase mechanism, where the bank purchases the house the customer needs and resells it with an agreed profit margin, thus providing price certainty and a simple process. Meanwhile, the MMQ contract is based on a partnership between the bank and the customer with a concept of joint ownership that gradually decreases, thus creating flexibility and a more balanced risk sharing. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through literature studies, interviews, and observations. The results of the analysis show that the majority of customers prefer the Murabahah contract due to its simplicity, although in the long term, MMQ is seen as more economical and fair. Thus, both contracts are equally relevant to support Sharia-based home ownership. This research is expected to contribute to Islamic banking in improving service quality, strengthening Islamic financial literacy, and encouraging innovation in competitive and sustainable financing products.

This study aims to analyze the strategic role of Information Technology (IT) in improving operational efficiency within e-commerce companies in Indonesia. A literature review approach was employed by examining various scholarly sources, including accredited national journals and relevant books. The findings indicate that the implementation of IT such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Big Data Analytics, and Cloud Computing significantly accelerates business processes, reduces operational costs, and enhances data accuracy and service quality. E-commerce companies that integrate IT into their operations are shown to adapt more effectively to market dynamics and consumer preferences. The study concludes that the use of IT is not merely a supporting tool, but a key factor in creating competitive advantage. The implications of this research offer insights for e-commerce industry players and policymakers to continuously promote digital innovation in pursuit of efficiency and business sustainability.

This article employs a Critical Literature Review (CLR) approach, analyzing studies from 2013–2025 that include academic papers, nationally accredited journals (Sinta 2–4), and reputable international journals indexed by Scopus (Q1–Q4) to understand systemic fraud and audit failure in Indonesia.Previous re-search has mostly explained fraud from individual or organizational views, while few have addressed structural factors such as the normalization of fraud, weak regulatory oversight, and the crisis of auditor legitimacy. The synthesis reveals four main issues. First, systemic fraud in Indonesia has shifted from in-dividual misconduct to a structured socio-economic phenomenon rooted in culture. Second, auditing as a control mechanism remains technically focused, often failing to uncover collusive fraud involving top management. Third, an expectation gap exists between unqualified audit opinions and public demands for assurance against corruption, reducing trust in auditors. Fourth, conflicts of interest arising from audit fee dependence, weak regulation, and limited adoption of audit technology and forensic analytics indicate the need for institutional reform. Therefore, this article calls for an integrative framework that connects individual, organizational, regulatory, and socio-cultural dimensions to address systemic fraud and rein-force public accountability in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the financial risk management strategy of PT. Chandra Asri based on the company's 2024 annual report. As the largest petrochemical company in Indonesia, PT. Chandra Asri faces multiple financial risks including market volatility, credit exposure, liquidity constraints, operational disruptions, and systemic shifts due to global energy transitions. Using a qualitative descriptive approach grounded in the ISO 31000 framework, the study examines how the company identifies, assesses, responds to, and monitors each risk category. The findings reveal that while hedging, credit controls, and liquidity management systems are in place, the decline in net income and working capital indicates areas that require stronger adaptation. Additionally, the study highlights the company's strategic shift toward sustainable practices in response to systemic risks. PT. Chandra Asri's integration of sustainability into its risk management strategy showcases a forward-thinking approach, acknowledging the importance of both financial resilience and environmental responsibility. This research contributes to the understanding of risk management practices in the petrochemical sector and provides valuable insights for developing resilient financial strategies amidst global economic uncertainty. It also offers practical recommendations for improving risk management frameworks, ensuring long-term growth and stability in an increasingly volatile global market

This study aims to analyze the influence of students' perceptions of Accreditation (X1), Promotion (X2), and Brand Image (X3) on their Interest (Y) in registering, with Cost (Z) serving as a moderating variable. Data were collected from 399 respondents. The validity test results indicate that all research instruments are valid. Meanwhile, the reliability test results show that all variables have Cronbach's Alpha values ranging from "Good" to "Excellent," confirming their reliability. The study's findings reveal that Promotion and Cost are dominant factors with a positive and significant influence on interest in registering. Additionally, Accreditation also has a positive and significant effect on interest. In contrast, the Brand Image variable does not have a significant partial influence on interest. However, when considered simultaneously, Accreditation, Promotion, and Brand Image collectively have a significant impact on interest. The moderation test results demonstrate that Cost significantly moderates the relationship between Brand Image and Interest, indicating that the effect of Brand Image on interest is either strengthened or weakened by cost considerations. In conclusion, to attract prospective students, private universities should prioritize effective promotional strategies and manage perceptions of competitive costs, including the availability of scholarships. While brand image remains important, focusing on tangible benefits reinforced by cost factors will have a greater impact on prospective students' decisions.

This study also highlights the importance of education and training for farmers to improve their technical skills in farming and managing their farms. Training in the use of modern agricultural technologies, such as automated fertilizing tools and efficient irrigation systems, can help farmers reduce production costs and increase yields. Furthermore, training in digital marketing can help farmers market their products more effectively through online platforms, reducing reliance on intermediaries and increasing profit margins. Furthermore, it is crucial for the government to provide support in the form of extension services and easy access to business capital. More accessible capital will enable farmers to invest in more efficient equipment and more environmentally friendly organic fertilizers. Targeted microcredit distribution to farmer groups can also accelerate the adoption of new, more productive agricultural technologies. The adoption of sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices should be a long-term focus to ensure the registration of shallot farming businesses. Farmers need to be incentivized to use organic fertilizers and natural pesticides that are safer for the soil and air. Furthermore, the implementation of integrated and environmentally friendly farming systems such as agroforestry can also be an alternative to increase agricultural yields without damaging the environment. With improvements in education, training, access to capital, and the adoption of more efficient technology, shallot farming in Pasir Village can develop better and become more sustainable in the future. Furthermore, collaboration between farmer groups and local research institutions and universities can also be key to introducing new agricultural innovations.

This study aims to examine the use of amortization schedules and the repayment fund approach in Public Housing Credit. By applying quantitative descriptive methods and a case study approach, this study simulates a mortgage with a credit ceiling of Rp163,800,000, a tenor of 15 years, and an interest rate of 5.65% for the first to fifth year and 13% for the sixth to fifteenth year. The results of the simulation show that without any additional strategies, the total interest to be paid reaches Rp138,887,134.14, which is almost equivalent to the total principal loan. However, by using a sinking fund strategy through regular savings of Rp1,000,000 every month (with an interest rate of 0.25% per month) for 5 years, the collected funds are Rp64,444,800 which significantly reduces the remaining principal loan. As a result, the total interest is reduced to Rp87,864,324.85, which means there is a savings of Rp51. 022. 809.29. Furthermore, this strategy has the potential to shorten repayment time. In conclusion, sinking funds are an effective approach to reducing interest burden and accelerating the repayment of Public Housing Loans.

The use of BRIMEN (BRI Document Management System) in digital document processing operations during internship activities at the Medan Regional Office of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. is the main focus of this article. The objective of this study is to understand how the BRIMEN system contributes to the storage, retrieval, and classification of documents, particularly in relation to credit document management. This system was introduced to address common issues found in manual archiving, such as limited storage space, difficulties in document retrieval, and the risk of errors in preserving clients’ physical records. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation and active participation in daily workflows. The findings indicate that BRIMEN significantly improves operational efficiency by providing a more systematic and secure digitalization procedure for banking documents. The system not only reduces the risk of loss or damage to physical archives but also accelerates the process of data retrieval when required by work units. Through its classification and tracking features, BRIMEN ensures better consistency between digital data and physical documents, although several technical challenges remain, such as restricted access to storage rooms and difficulties in scanning older or non-standard documents. Overall, the results highlight the importance of implementing a well-structured digital document management system to support the smooth operation of modern banking institutions. BRIMEN represents a tangible step in BRI’s digital transformation, strengthening data security while simultaneously improving the quality of credit services delivered to customers. With continuous improvement, this system has the potential to serve as a model for digital document management that can be more widely adopted across Indonesia’s banking sector.

Banking is a key pillar of the financial system, playing a crucial role as an intermediary between those with excess funds and those in need of financing. In the context of post-pandemic economic recovery in the 2022–2024 period, bank sustainability and resilience, particularly in terms of profit-generating ability, are crucial aspects to consider. This study was conducted to analyze the extent to which capital structure and intermediation efficiency influence the profitability of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Capital structure in this study is proxied by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), while intermediation efficiency is measured by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). The profitability indicator used is Return on Assets (ROA), which reflects a bank's effectiveness in utilizing its assets to generate profits. This research methodology uses a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis with secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from 111 banks for the 2022–2024 period. The analysis results show that simultaneously, CAR and LDR variables have a significant effect on ROA. Furthermore, both variables have been shown to contribute positively to increasing bank profitability. In other words, maintaining adequate capital and efficient credit management can strengthen overall financial performance. This finding offers strategic implications for bank management in formulating capital and liquidity management policies. Optimizing these two aspects not only impacts short-term profit achievement but also contributes to the stability and sustainability of banking profitability in the long term. Therefore, banks need to ensure a strong capital strategy coupled with efficient intermediation to be more resilient in facing future economic dynamics.

This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity, profitability, leverage, and accounts receivable turnover on financial distress. The sample used in this study is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021-2024 period. The population sample in this study is 47 companies. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 10 companies. The type of data for this study is secondary data obtained from www.idx.co.id. The analytical method used was multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously, the variables liquidity, profitability, leverage, and accounts receivable turnover significantly influence financial distress. Partially, the liquidity variable has a negative and significant effect on financial distress, while the profitability variable has a negative and significant effect on financial distress. Leverage and accounts receivable turnover have no effect on financial distress. Furthermore, the Adjusted R-square coefficient is 95.3%, indicating that 4.7% is influenced by other variables. These findings suggest that companies with better liquidity and profitability levels have a lower probability of experiencing financial distress. This aligns with the theory that high liquidity ensures the availability of cash to meet short-term obligations, while strong profitability supports operational sustainability and investor confidence. On the other hand, leverage and accounts receivable turnover did not significantly affect financial distress, which may indicate that banking companies have a more stable debt structure and effective credit management, reducing their influence on distress conditions. This research provides practical insights for company management, investors, and regulators. For managers, maintaining optimal liquidity and profitability levels is essential to prevent financial difficulties. For investors, liquidity and profitability indicators can serve as reliable references for investment decision-making.

This study aims to analyze how internal strategies and external challenges can influence the achievement of Regional Original Revenue targets at the Laboratory Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) of the Public Works and Public Housing Agency (Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat) of Cilacap Regency. The research object is the performance of the Laboratory Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD), a technical unit providing construction material testing services, which directly contributes to Regional Original Revenue in Cilacap Regency. The qualitative approach employed a case study method, and data collection techniques included interviews, observation, and documentation. The sample in this study was obtained purposively. The results indicate that internal strategies focused on superior testing methods such as core drilling, abrasion, and concrete compressive strength have been conducted. However, limited equipment, human resources, and the lack of accreditation are major obstacles. On the other hand, external challenges include the lack of updated Regional Regulation tariff regulations, the absence of formal obligations for the use of laboratory services for regional budget projects, and a saturated local market. These findings provide important implications for the Laboratory Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) in emphasizing policy revisions, increasing internal capacity, and strengthening inter-agency coordination to increase Regional Original Revenue realization.

The manual credit application process often takes a long time and is prone to various problems, such as recording errors, data redundancy, and the risk of losing important documents. These conditions not only hamper service effectiveness but can also reduce customer satisfaction and the performance of the officers involved. Therefore, this study aims to design and develop a Progressive Web App (PWA)-based credit application system using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method. This system is expected to be a more efficient, faster, and more accurate solution than the current manual mechanism. PWA was selected based on its ability to provide universal access through a browser without the need for additional application installation, making it more practical for both customers and officers. Meanwhile, the RAD approach allows for an iterative and flexible system development process, with direct user involvement from the design stage through implementation. This aims to ensure the system is truly aligned with real-world needs. The development results indicate that the designed PWA system is capable of supporting the tasks of Account Officers (AO) and Division Heads in managing credit application data. The process includes the pipeline stage, submission, field survey, and credit realization, which is well-documented and accessible in real time. Functional testing using the Black Box Testing method proved that all features functioned according to established specifications. Furthermore, usability testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method yielded satisfactory scores, indicating the system's high usability and positive user experience. Therefore, this PWA-based credit application system not only improves process effectiveness and efficiency but also supports transparency, data accuracy, and user satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the relationship between quality and promotion influences customer decisions in selecting Micro People's Business Credit (KUR) products at PT Bank Sumsel Babel KC Palembang. This study applies a quantitative approach, where the entire population consists of 765 customers, with 88 people being sampled through a purposive sampling technique. The data sources used in this study include primary and secondary data, obtained through direct interviews with related parties and the distribution of questionnaires to respondents who have met the research criteria. To analyze the data, a series of instrument feasibility tests, classical assumption tests, and data processing using multiple linear regression analysis were conducted. This analysis includes a t-test (partial), F-test (simultaneous), and the coefficient of determination (R²) to measure the strength of the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that both service quality and promotion have a positive and significant influence on consumer decisions, both partially and simultaneously. This indicates that the better the service quality and the more effective the promotion, the higher the tendency of consumers to decide to choose KUR Micro products. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.894 indicates that 89.4% of customer decisions can be explained by service quality and promotions, while the remaining 10.6% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study, such as economic conditions, personal experience, recommendations from third parties, and psychological factors. These results provide an important influence for bank management in developing more targeted service and promotion strategies. The results of this study can also serve as a basis for strategic policy-making in developing banking products based on customer needs.

The use of credit by the public is generally driven by the need and desire to meet certain requirements that cannot be fulfilled with cash. Credit makes it easier for people to meet their various needs, especially for those who do not have enough funds at the time. However, in practice, there are often obstacles such as payment delays, breaches of agreed-upon deadlines, and discrepancies in the recording of installment payments. These issues can create problems for both the creditor and the debtor. This study aims to examine the use of the credit concept by the community and analyze how credit helps fulfill the needs of the community. The study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive research approach. Data collection was done through observation, interviews, and document gathering. The collected data were then analyzed by presenting the data and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the use of the credit concept by the community in Rantau Panjang Estate to meet their needs has fulfilled the conditions of a muamalah agreement in accordance with the principles of buying and selling. First, the people involved in the transaction, namely the seller and the buyer, must meet the requirements of being rational, consenting freely, and agreeing mutually. Second, the agreement between the seller and the buyer must include the price and the payment period that both parties have agreed upon. Third, the object or goods being sold must have utility and be clearly defined in terms of its nature, size, and type. Fourth, the price must be clear, with the credit price being higher than the cash price. Additionally, the use of credit by the community in Rantau Panjang Estate has also applied the principles of the Islamic market mechanism, such as Ar-Ridha (mutual consent), healthy competition, honesty, transparency, and justice. This indicates that the credit transactions conducted are in accordance with the rules of Islam and can serve as a fair model for all parties involved.

Steel structure projects are increasingly favored in the construction industry due to their benefits in execution time efficiency and long-term cost savings. However, the suboptimal management of human resources (HRM) remains a significant challenge in achieving these efficiencies. This study aims to systematically review the role of HRM in enhancing time and cost efficiency in steel structure projects. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol, analyzing 35 accredited scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023. The articles were sourced from national databases such as Garuda and Neliti, and data were extracted using standardized documentation instruments. The analysis reveals that workforce planning, project-based training, performance monitoring, and inter-team coordination are key managerial aspects that consistently contribute to improving both time and cost efficiency. Visualization of topic networks using VOSviewer highlights strong interconnections between themes such as "training," "schedule control," and "performance evaluation," all of which are critical components of strategic HRM practices. This study concludes that HRM plays a crucial role in achieving efficiency in steel structure projects, especially through the integration of technical workflows and managerial control systems. Effective workforce planning ensures that the right skills are available at the right time, while performance monitoring and training programs help enhance productivity and reduce delays. The findings suggest the necessity for formulating HR policies that are based on workload analysis and the improvement of real-time workforce evaluation mechanisms. Furthermore, the study calls for further research to test integrative models for HRM practices in steel-based construction projects in Indonesia. This research opens avenues for refining HRM strategies to support the construction industry’s efficiency goals, offering insights for future studies and practical applications in the field.

This study examines legal deviations in the implementation of the Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) mechanism, specifically regarding the approval of a peace settlement submitted for the second time after the debtor is declared bankrupt. The study highlights the Supreme Court Decision No. 648K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021, which ratified the second peace settlement in the case of PT Prospek Duta Sukses. This decision is deemed contradictory to the principle of a single peace settlement, as stipulated in Articles 289 and 292 of Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and PKPU, and further reinforced by Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 5 of 2021, which states that a peace settlement in bankruptcy can only be conducted once. Using a normative juridical method, this research analyzes the legal reasoning used by the panel of judges in approving the second peace settlement and evaluates its impact on legal certainty and protection for creditors, who are the affected parties in the bankruptcy process. The approval of a second peace settlement after the debtor is declared bankrupt creates legal uncertainty, as the existing provisions do not provide for more than one peace settlement. Additionally, this decision potentially harms creditors by prolonging the settlement of debts, which should have been clear, thus allowing room for misuse of legal procedures. The findings of the study show that the approval of this second peace settlement not only contradicts the fundamental principles of law but also risks harming creditors, who should be protected by the bankruptcy system to ensure their rights are fairly met. Therefore, this research suggests that consistent application of the law, in line with existing provisions, is necessary to uphold the principles of justice, legal certainty, and the credibility of the national bankruptcy system. Furthermore, reforms in regulations or law enforcement are needed to ensure that legal practices operate in accordance with principles that are fair and transparent.