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Believers, both in the time of Jesus and in today’s context, live in situations shaped by social, political, economic, religious, and cultural influences that often give rise to anxiety and doubt about God’s providence. In Luke 12:22–32, Jesus delivers a teaching that prohibits worry and calls His followers to direct their hearts toward the Kingdom of God. For those living under Roman rule, these words were a source of comfort and encouragement to remain steadfast in their faith in God’s power, and for believers today, the same message continues to be relevant as guidance for managing worry with trust and hope. This study seeks to analyze Luke 12:22–32 from the perspective of the theology of God’s providence and to explain its implications for contemporary Christian life. The findings emphasize three key points: first, the passage affirms God as a sovereign, loving Father who cares deeply for His people; second, God’s providence includes both physical and spiritual needs, thus framing faith as an active trust that combines prayer, hope, and concrete action; and third, reflection on God’s providence strengthens believers to face modern anxieties by prioritizing the Kingdom of God, practicing spiritual discipline, and embodying solidarity with others. Although limited in scope as a textual study without cultural or empirical application, this research contributes significantly to understanding God’s providence in Luke 12:22–32 and underlines its relevance for addressing contemporary challenges while encouraging Christians to live out their faith in tangible ways.

This study discusses child adoption in the context of Christian theology, focusing on the opinions of the congregation of HKBP Kana Resort Kana Duri. Child adoption is an effort to provide affection and protection to children who do not have biological parents or who have been abandoned, in accordance with the values of love and acceptance taught in the Bible. In the Christian view, adoption is not only seen as a social solution, but also has a deep theological dimension, reflecting the relationship between God and His people as Father and His children. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to explore the congregation's views on child adoption and the challenges they face in implementing this practice. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and literature studies, which were then analyzed to understand the theological meaning of child adoption and the congregation's opinions on adoption. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the problems that exist are in the personal and social readiness of the congregation, lack of education, and the absence of special assistance from the church as an institution of faith that should be a protector and director in making ethical and moral decisions for its congregation.

Pendidik memiliki tanggung jawab yang besar dalam membentuk generasi penerus bangsa. Di Indonesia, tantangan dunia pendidikan masih sangat kompleks, mulai dari rendahnya kualitas lulusan, lemahnya karakter, hingga maraknya kasus kekerasan dalam pendidikan. Amsal 22:6 memberikan dasar teologis bahwa pendidikan adalah usaha membimbing anak sesuai jalan yang benar agar tetap bertahan hingga dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran pendidik dalam mengoptimalkan potensi peserta didik di SMP Nasional Plus BPK Penabur Bogor dengan perspektif Alkitabiah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus melalui wawancara daring dengan siswa, guru, dan orang tua, serta studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab pendidik bukan hanya mentransfer pengetahuan, tetapi juga membentuk karakter, mengembangkan bakat, dan menciptakan suasana belajar yang kondusif. Optimalisasi dilakukan melalui kurikulum berbasis Kristiani, kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, serta pembiasaan karakter. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya sinergi antara pendidik, orang tua, dan sekolah dalam membentuk generasi yang berkarakter, beriman, dan berkompetensi.

This article explores the theme of faithfulness amid suffering through a narrative and theological analysis of Job 1:1–22, while also examining its relevance for the Christian faith today. Job is chosen as the central figure due to his portrayal in the Bible as a man who endured extreme suffering yet maintained his spiritual integrity. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, analyzing biblical texts and relevant theological literature. The study focuses on understanding suffering as a test of faith allowed by God, rather than as punishment for sin. The analysis reveals that Job is portrayed as a righteous, upright, God-fearing man who shunned evil. In Job 1:1–22, he loses all his wealth and children in a very short time, yet continues to submit to God’s will. His well-known declaration, “The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord,” affirms the depth of his faith and obedience. Job’s faithfulness is not transactional, but emerges from a pure spiritual relationship with God. Job’s story remains highly relevant for contemporary Christians. In today’s world filled with adversity, Job teaches that suffering is not necessarily a sign of wrongdoing or lack of faith, but can be a means for spiritual growth and character formation. This article affirms that true faith will remain steadfast even when tested by suffering. Thus, Job stands as an enduring example of unwavering faithfulness to God in the face of deep crisis.

Profesi guru dalam perspektif pendidikan modern dipahami bukan sekadar sebagai penyampai pengetahuan, tetapi juga sebagai agen transformasi moral, etika, dan spiritual. Dalam konteks pendidikan Kristen, peran guru semakin signifikan karena dipanggil untuk menghadirkan teladan Kristus dalam seluruh aspek kehidupannya. Penelitian ini mengkaji relevansi keteladanan Yesus dalam Yohanes 13:13–16 dengan praktik pendidikan guru agama Kristen di sekolah. Teks ini menampilkan Yesus yang membasuh kaki murid-murid-Nya sebagai simbol kerendahan hati, kasih, dan pelayanan, yang menjadi dasar teologis bagi peran guru Kristen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan teologis dan pendidikan, melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara dengan guru-guru di SMA PGRI 22 Serpong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lima temuan utama. Pertama, teladan guru Kristen berfungsi sebagai model nyata yang membentuk iman dan karakter siswa. Kedua, praktik mentoring dalam perspektif Alkitab menegaskan pentingnya relasi personal dalam pendidikan iman. Ketiga, keteladanan Yesus menampilkan dimensi servant leadership yang relevan bagi kepemimpinan guru Kristen. Keempat, integritas guru Kristen menjadi fondasi utama dalam proses pendidikan karena konsistensi hidup lebih berpengaruh daripada sekadar instruksi verbal. Kelima, keteladanan Yesus tetap relevan di era modern karena mampu menuntun peserta didik menghadapi tantangan globalisasi dan digitalisasi dengan iman yang tangguh. Dengan demikian, guru agama Kristen dipanggil untuk melayani dengan kasih, rendah hati, dan penuh integritas, sehingga mampu membentuk generasi yang cerdas secara intelektual sekaligus matang secara spiritual.

Budaya dan gereja merupakan dua hal penting yang tidak dapat terpisahkan. Terdapat tradisi, kebiasaan dan prinsip-prinsip sosial yang berlaku dalam masyarakat pada setiap kebudayaan yang bersesuaian dengan ajaran gereja menjadi dorongan oleh penulis untuk menyusun penelitian ini. Melalui karya ilmiah ini, diharapkan dapat menggali, menemukan, selanjutnya menyajikan nilai dari prinsip sosial masyarakat Mamasa yakni sitayuk, sikamase, sirande maya-maya sebagai sebuah kearifan local salah satu budaya yang memiliki makna teologis sebagaimana menurut hipotesa penulis bersesuaian dengan prinsip-prinsip persekutuan bergereja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif hasil observatif dan studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membawa gereja yang ada dalam masyarakat atau wilayah Mamasa untuk dapat menilai prinsip sosial ini sebagai prinsip yang Alkitabiah sehingga senantiasa dapat melestarikannya dalam menjalani kehidupan baik bermasyarakat maupun bergereja.

The phenomenon of charismatic pastors who simultaneously serve as merchants represents an increasingly common reality in contemporary Christian ministry, especially within urban contexts where economic and spiritual dynamics are closely intertwined. This dual role reflects both opportunities and challenges for the church, raising important theological, ethical, and practical debates concerning the integrity of pastoral calling in the midst of worldly interests, material pursuits, and potential temptations. On the one hand, the bivocational model may provide pastors with financial independence, reducing the burden on congregations and offering broader opportunities for engagement with society. On the other hand, it also carries the risk of blurring the boundaries between ministry and commerce, thereby creating possible conflicts of interest, diminishing spiritual authority, and weakening the congregation’s trust in pastoral leadership. This study aims to analyze the dual role of pastor-merchant in the light of New Testament theology by identifying potential tensions, examining the relevance of pastoral ethics in guiding decision-making, and evaluating the impact of this dual vocation on the life and witness of the church. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative literature study, reviewing biblical, theological, and pastoral ethics sources to formulate a comprehensive understanding. The findings suggest that pastoral ethics serve as a vital compass for pastor-merchants, ensuring that ministry remains pure, Christ-centered, and untainted by financial motives. The Apostle Paul provides a theological and practical model for bivocational ministry, demonstrating how secular work and spiritual service can coexist without compromising the divine calling. Furthermore, a healthy, transparent, and accountable leadership framework is essential for sustaining integrity and strengthening congregational trust. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that the identity of the church as “a chosen people, a royal priesthood” (1 Pet. 2:9) must remain the guiding principle, ensuring that the integration of pastoral vocation and marketplace involvement contributes positively to the church’s witness and relevance in modern society.

Revolusi Industri 4.0 mendorong lahirnya Pendidikan 4.0 yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi digital. Perubahan ini berdampak signifikan pada seluruh sistem pendidikan, termasuk Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK). PAK memiliki mandat unik, yaitu membentuk manusia seutuhnya berdasarkan nilai-nilai Alkitab, sehingga harus responsif terhadap perkembangan teknologi tanpa kehilangan integritas teologisnya. Tantangan utama terletak pada keterbatasan kompetensi guru dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi dengan pendekatan pembelajaran yang relevan. Dalam konteks ini, pembelajaran adaptif muncul sebagai strategi pedagogis yang menyesuaikan metode, materi, dan tempo dengan karakteristik peserta didik. Melalui pembelajaran adaptif, guru PAK dapat memanfaatkan teknologi untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang kontekstual, personal, dan bermakna.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi pustaka, mengkaji literatur terkini terkait PAK, pembelajaran adaptif, dan teknologi pendidikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi pembelajaran adaptif dan teknologi dalam PAK mampu menjawab tantangan Pendidikan 4.0 dengan memfasilitasi diferensiasi pengajaran, penilaian formatif, dan kolaborasi lintas pihak. Teknologi berperan sebagai medium strategis untuk menyampaikan nilai iman dengan cara yang kreatif dan relevan, sementara pembelajaran adaptif memastikan relevansi materi sesuai kebutuhan peserta didik yang beragam.Kesimpulannya, PAK adaptif berbasis teknologi bukan hanya alternatif metodologis, tetapi strategi strategis yang harus dikembangkan secara berkelanjutan. Dengan dukungan kompetensi guru, infrastruktur teknologi, serta sinergi antara sekolah, gereja, dan keluarga, PAK dapat menjadi sarana pembentukan generasi Kristen yang matang secara intelektual, spiritual, dan moral di tengah dinamika global abad ke-21.

Christian leadership can be understood as leadership rooted in the truth of God’s Word and exemplified through the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. In the Gospel narratives, Jesus consistently displayed leadership qualities that were grounded in service, sacrifice, humility, and the nurturing of His disciples. However, in today’s context, many church environments face a crisis of leadership characterized by corruption, arrogance, lack of integrity, and resistance to constructive criticism, all of which deviate from the biblical image of Christ as the Good Shepherd. This study aims to explore the biblical foundation of Jesus Christ’s leadership, focusing on both its character and technical dimensions as reflected in the Gospel of John, and to examine its implementation in the local ministry setting of GPdI Bethesda Kabanjahe. The research employs a qualitative method with two primary dimensions: a theological-biblical approach and a case study approach. The findings reveal that, first, the pastoral leadership model in the Gospel of John presents Jesus as the Good Shepherd who builds intimate relationships, willingly sacrifices, and develops the character of His followers. While these values are normatively acknowledged by church ministers, their implementation in GPdI Bethesda remains partial, fragmented, and not yet systematically embedded into the overall ministry structure. Second, theological reflection and practical implications highlight the urgent need for renewal that encompasses both organizational systems and the personal spiritual formation of leaders. Recommendations emerging from this study include leadership training grounded in Christlike character, developing an organizational structure that ensures regeneration, cultivating a healthy spiritual community, and contextually internalizing Gospel values into ministry practices. Strengthening these areas is essential for building authentic, sustainable, and Christ-centered leadership that responds to contemporary challenges and restores the church’s witness to the surrounding community.

This study examines the implications of Deuteronomy 32:44-47 on the formation of theological students' character, emphasizing obedience to God's commandments. The research highlights the significance of adhering to divine instructions, exploring the consequences of disobedience, and discussing strategies for cultivating obedience. The findings underscore the importance of integrating biblical principles into daily life, fostering spiritual growth, and developing a strong moral foundation among theology students.

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan konsep teologis penciptaan manusia 'Imago Dei' sebagaimana digambarkan dalam Kitab Kejadian 1 (satu). Penciptaan manusia menjadi mahkota kisah penciptaan, manusia diciptakan dengan martabat tertinggi sedangkan AI hadir seolah melebihi manusia. Dengan mempertimbangkan bahwa AI hanya alat yang mewakili bentuk kreativitas manusia yang baru dan maju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjembatani gap pengetahuan antara pengembangan AI dan pemahaman teologis tradisional tentang peran manusia sebagai co-creator. Artikel ini memberikan wawasan sejauh mana AI dapat dipandang sebagai ekstensi atau penyimpangan dari mandat kreatif manusia dan menilai implikasi etis yang terkait. Melalui analisis literatur interdisipliner, studi ini membahas pertanyaan tentang identitas manusia dalam era teknologi dan bagaimana inovasi AI dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam kerangka kerja kepercayaan agama. Penelitian ini tidak hanya mengungkapkan tantangan teologis yang disajikan oleh AI tetapi juga menawarkan perspektif baru pada tanggung jawab dan batasan manusia dalam penciptaan teknologi. 

This journal was written with the aim of discussing Paul's theology of God's salvation, monergism and synergism. Reviewing Paul's theology of God's true salvation will lead people to a fundamental understanding and strengthen one's hold on being a Christian. There is an understanding that salvation is a human effort and God's work (Synerism). Basically, salvation is the work of God in freeing man from sin. For by the grace of God salvation is wrought, that is, by the sacrifice and redemption of His Only Begotten Son, Jesus Christ. So through this writing, man must hold fast that salvation is a gift from God, not a human effort. This writing method uses a qualitative method through library search, through text sources, such as academic journals, books, papers, and other related literature available in the library.

This study aims to comparatively analyze the concept of tawhid in Sunni and Shi'a Imamiyyah schools from a theological perspective. Using an exploratory qualitative approach and literature study method, this research examines the theological structures of both traditions, identifying points of convergence and key differences in their understanding of God's oneness. The findings reveal that although both traditions uphold tawhid as the core of faith, differing epistemological approaches and authoritative frameworks lead to significant distinctions. The Sunni tradition emphasizes three dimensions of tawhid—rububiyyah, uluhiyyah, and asma’ wa sifat—while the Shi’a Imamiyyah integrates the concept with the doctrines of imamah and walayah. The study further highlights that such theological diversity can enrich Islamic intellectual tradition and foster constructive inter-sectarian dialogue when managed inclusively. The research recommends promoting sectarian tolerance education and inter-traditional dialogue as key strategies to enhance Islamic unity.

Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi pendidikan karakter Kristen dalam keluarga di era kontemporer yang menghadapi berbagai tantangan globalisasi. Menggunakan metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menganalisis landasan teologis, konsep teoretis, dan strategi implementasi pendidikan karakter Kristen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter Kristen memiliki fondasi yang kuat dalam konsep Imago Dei dan mandat Alkitabiah, khususnya Ulangan 6:6-7 dan Efesus 6:4. Keluarga berfungsi sebagai ecclesia domestica yang menjalankan fungsi kerygma, koinonia, leiturgia, dan diakonia dalam pembentukan karakter anak. Nilai-nilai fundamental seperti buah Roh (Galatia 5:22-23) menjadi karakteristik utama yang perlu ditanamkan melalui metodologi keteladanan, pendekatan naratif, disiplin redemptif, dan ritual keluarga. Namun, tantangan kontemporer seperti sekularisasi, relativisme moral, teknologi digital, perubahan struktur keluarga modern, dan pluralisme agama memerlukan strategi adaptif. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan Teori Transformasi Karakter Holistik (TKTH) yang mengintegrasikan dimensi teologis-antropologis, psiko-sosial, pedagogis-metodologis, dan komunal-ekosistemik. Revitalisasi pendidikan karakter Kristen dalam keluarga menjadi kebutuhan mendesak untuk membentuk generasi dengan fondasi moral dan spiritual yang kuat di tengah dinamika perubahan sosial yang cepat.

This study is motivated by the importance of prayer and fasting practices in the Christian tradition, which are increasingly marginalized in the midst of modern secularism and individualism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of prayer and fasting based on the principles in the Book of Esther and to examine its implications for the formation of contemporary Christian spirituality. This research employs a literature review method by examining biblical texts and contemporary theological literature to identify the characteristics of prayer and fasting that are pleasing to God. The results of the study indicate that the practice of prayer and fasting in the Book of Esther is not merely ritualistic, but an expression of faith, self-denial, and communal solidarity that leads to personal transformation and strengthened social sensitivity. The implication of this study is that the principles of prayer and fasting in the Book of Esther can serve as a model for the spiritual formation of the modern church, fostering intimacy with God and a commitment to addressing surrounding social issues. These findings contribute to the development of practical theology and contemporary Christian spirituality studies.

God involves humans by giving missionary responsibility to His people to be involved in God's work of salvation. Every believer has a missionary task. Mission is centered and comes from God who is the core of His eternal plan for the salvation of humans from all His creations. Due to the lack of knowledge and methods about biblical mission teaching in the church and Christian institutions, the problems that arise in the form of mission and evangelism services are not a priority in the church, even congregations that have not responded or have not dared to carry out mission and evangelism services so that the church lacks missionaries. In this study, the method used is qualitative descriptive with an approach to an understanding and comprehension of the importance of biblical mission and evangelism and true and in-depth knowledge of the basics of mission and evangelism theology. Thus, every believer is called and responsible to carry out mission and evangelism in accordance with the great commission of the Lord Jesus Christ.

Aborsi merupakan salah satu isu etis paling kompleks yang terus menjadi perdebatan dalam diskursus publik dan keagamaan, termasuk dalam konteks Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan bagaimana prinsip-prinsip deontologi dan teleologi dalam etika Kristen membentuk pandangan terhadap praktik aborsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi pustaka normatif-deskriptif dengan analisis etika komparatif melalui kajian literatur teologi dan dokumen gereja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandangan deontologis menekankan nilai intrinsik kehidupan sejak konsepsi berdasarkan perintah ilahi yang mutlak, sementara teleologi mempertimbangkan konsekuensi aborsi bagi individu maupun masyarakat guna mencapai kebaikan terbesar atau mengurangi penderitaan. Kedua pendekatan ini saling melengkapi, meski sering menciptakan ketegangan dalam menentukan sikap. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkaya diskursus etika Kristen di Indonesia serta menawarkan kerangka analitis bagi pelayanan pastoral dan pendidikan teologi.

This research discusses Process Theology as a theological perspective that understands God and the world as aspects of a process that continues to change and develop. In the midst of a diverse and diverse modern society, Process Theology provides an inclusive framework to facilitate positive interfaith dialogue. Through a literature review, this research explains the main principles of Process Theology and how their application can support the creation of harmony and tolerance between various religious groups. This approach emphasizes the importance of respecting diversity and universal values ​​that exist in various religious traditions. The findings of this research indicate that Process Theology can be an effective foundation for reducing divisions due to religion and strengthening solidarity in society. This study contributes to the development of theological thinking that is relevant to the challenges of plurality and diversity in the modern era.

This article explores the relationship between the theology of Christian Religious Education (CRE) and the Church in contributing to relevant, contextual, and transformative theological education. The Church, as a community of faith and spiritual institution, plays a strategic role in shaping theological understanding through teaching, discipleship, and ministry. Meanwhile, CRE within the formal education system is tasked with delivering Christian values through pedagogical and academic approaches. In an era shaped by secularism, pluralism, and technological advancement, both challenges and opportunities arise for CRE and the Church to collaborate meaningfully. Through literature review and theological analysis, this article identifies key challenges such as the gap between theory and practice, limited human resources, and the influence of popular culture that often contradicts Christian values. On the other hand, significant opportunities exist, including the use of digital technology, the strengthening of faith-based character education, and the implementation of contextual approaches to theological teaching. The article affirms the importance of a strategic partnership between the Church and CRE in developing theological education that not only informs the mind but also transforms lives through strong Christian character in everyday contexts.

This article explores the relevance of the contemporary church through the lens of systematic theology by examining the concepts of visibility (the church’s tangible presence) and invisibility (its spiritual and unseen essence). The topic is crucial as many churches today face a tension between their social engagement and their spiritual identity. The central issue addressed in this research is how the church can maintain its theological integrity while remaining visibly active and impactful in an ever-changing society. This study employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach, analyzing theological texts, academic articles, and biblical references to investigate ecclesiological perspectives on integrating visibility and invisibility. The data is analyzed descriptively and reflectively to identify theological patterns and practical implications for the life of the church today. The findings reveal that a relevant church is one that successfully integrates both visible and invisible dimensions. Visibility is essential for contextual engagement with the world, while invisibility sustains spiritual depth and fidelity to Christ. This integration results in a church that is actively present in society, while also rooted in holiness, love, and prophetic mission. The study recommends that churches engage in theological reflection to reassess their identity and ministry to remain relevant without losing their spiritual direction.