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This research aims to examine the effect of Return on Equity (ROE), Asset Structure, and Current Ratio (CR) on Capital Structure in the company PT Mayora Indah Tbk, which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2015–2023. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial reports during the research period. The research employs a quantitative approach, and the data sources are documentary in nature, focusing on publicly available financial statements.The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis, with data processing performed using SPSS software. This method allows the researcher to assess the impact of each independent variable on the dependent variable both partially and simultaneously. The results of the partial hypothesis testing indicate that the Return on Equity (ROE) variable has a positive and significant effect on Capital Structure, suggesting that higher profitability encourages the company to utilize more debt financing. On the other hand, the Asset Structure variable shows no significant negative effect on Capital Structure, indicating that the proportion of fixed assets does not play a decisive role in influencing capital structure in this case. Meanwhile, the Current Ratio (CR) has a negative and significant effect, implying that companies with higher liquidity tend to rely less on external debt. Simultaneously, the three variables—ROE, Asset Structure, and CR—have a significant influence on Capital Structure. These findings can serve as a reference for corporate financial management in optimizing capital structure decisions.

This study aims to examine the influence of firm size, profitability, and liquidity on the capital structure of PT Krakatau Steel Tbk during the 2017–2024 period. The independent variables in this study consist of firm size, measured by the natural logarithm of total assets (Ln Total Assets), profitability measured by Return on Equity (ROE), and liquidity measured by the Current Ratio (CR). The dependent variable is capital structure, proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The data used were secondary in nature, comprising quarterly financial statements of PT Krakatau Steel Tbk obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and other official sources. The empirical findings reveal that, partially, firm size has a negative and statistically significant effect on capital structure. This suggests that larger firms tend to rely less on debt financing. Profitability exerts a positive and significant influence on capital structure, indicating that more profitable companies are more likely to use debt to finance their operations. Conversely, liquidity exhibits a negative yet statistically insignificant impact on capital structure, implying that liquidity does not have a substantial effect on the company's capital structure decisions. Simultaneously, the three independent variables collectively have a significant effect on capital structure. The model’s coefficient of determination (R²) indicates that 26.7% of the variation in capital structure can be explained by the independent variables, while the remaining 73.3% is attributable to other factors not included in this study. These findings contribute to the understanding of financial decision-making within capital-intensive industries.

This study aims to analyze the influence of inflation and interest rates on banking profitability as measured through Return on Assets (ROA) in conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. The research was conducted from April to May 2025 with a quantitative approach and multiple linear regression analysis methods. The data used are secondary data obtained from the annual financial statements of eight conventional banks as well as macroeconomic data from Bank Indonesia, which were selected through the purposive sampling method. The data analysis process includes descriptive statistics, classical assumption test, t test, F test, and determination coefficient. The results of the study show that partially, neither inflation nor interest rates have a significant effect on ROA. This is shown by the value of t calculating inflation of 0.049 < t table 2.02619 with a significance of 0.961 > 0.05, and t calculating interest rates of 1.163 < t table 2.02619 with a significance of 0.252 > 0.05. However, simultaneously, inflation and interest rates have a significant effect on ROA, as shown by the calculated F value of 8.698 > F table 3.25 and the significance of 0.001 < 0.05. These findings indicate that although individual macroeconomic variables do not have a significant impact, together they have an influence on banking profitability. This research contributes to policy makers and banking industry players in understanding macroeconomic dynamics on banks' financial performance.

This study aims to examine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR), and Total Assets on Audit Delay in food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. Audit Delay is defined as the time interval between the end of the fiscal year and the issuance date of audited financial statements by independent auditors. The timeliness of financial reporting is a crucial element for stakeholders in evaluating company performance, enhancing transparency, and supporting decision-making processes. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence audit delay is important in the context of both regulatory compliance and corporate governance. This research adopts a quantitative methodology using multiple linear regression analysis. The data used are secondary data obtained from annual financial reports published and accessible through the official IDX website. The study sample consists of 33 companies, resulting in 165 observations. After conducting outlier analysis, the final dataset comprised 83 observations. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22. The results show that Return on Assets and Total Assets do not have a significant effect on Audit Delay. This indicates that profitability and company size are not the main determinants of audit timeliness in this sector. However, the Debt to Assets Ratio was found to have a relatively positive effect on Audit Delay. This finding suggests that companies with higher leverage tend to be audited more quickly, possibly because auditors and stakeholders pay greater attention to firms with higher financial risk. Thus, a company’s capital structure plays an important role in influencing the timeliness of audit completion.

This study aims to determine the relationship between firm size, profitability, and debt policy on company value at PT. KMI Wire and Cable, Tbk. for the 2017–2024 period. Company value is the main focus because it reflects the company’s overall performance and can attract investor interest and perception. Firm size is measured by the natural logarithm of total assets (LN), profitability is measured by return on equity (ROE), debt policy is measured by debt-to-equity ratio (DER), and company value is measured by price-to-book value (PBV). This research employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the causal relationship between variables. The data used are secondary data in the form of quarterly financial reports of PT. KMI Wire and Cable, Tbk. during the study period. The results of the study indicate that firm size has a negative and significant effect on company value, while profitability and debt policy show a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously, firm size, profitability, and debt policy jointly have a positive and significant effect on company value. These findings highlight the importance of balancing company growth with efficient asset management and optimal capital structure to ensure long-term financial stability. Moreover, the study contributes to empirical evidence supporting Trade-Off Theory and Pecking Order Theory, showing how capital structure decisions and profitability management can shape investor perception and firm valuation. This study provides practical insights for management in designing strategies to optimize capital structure, strengthen profitability, and manage debt responsibly to enhance firm value and investor confidence.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation on profitability, with the Sustainability Report acting as a moderating variable, at PT Sinergi Gula Nusantara, Ngadirejo Sugar Factory, during the 2019–2023 period. Profitability was measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Net Profit Margin (NPM), CSR was assessed through the PROPER rating, and the Sustainability Report was evaluated using a disclosure index based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The research utilized a quantitative descriptive method and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to test the relationships between the variables. The findings revealed that CSR had a positive and significant effect on both ROA and NPM. However, the study found that the Sustainability Report did not moderate the relationship between CSR and ROA, indicating that the sustainability disclosures had no significant impact on improving ROA. In contrast, the Sustainability Report was able to moderate the relationship between CSR and NPM, strengthening the influence of CSR on profitability as measured by NPM. This suggests that sustainability reporting plays a critical role in enhancing the positive effects of CSR on financial performance, particularly in terms of profitability indicators such as NPM. The study provides valuable insights for companies aiming to integrate CSR practices and sustainability reporting to achieve improved financial performance and long-term sustainability.

The cosmetic and household goods industry in Indonesia continues to experience growth in line with increasing consumer demand and lifestyle changes. This sector plays an important role in supporting the national economy, but it is also vulnerable to fluctuations in market dynamics, global competition, and external challenges that may affect companies’ financial performance. The performance of these companies can be assessed through financial indicators, particularly profitability and solvency, which are often linked to firm value. This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability and solvency on firm value in the cosmetic and household goods subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019–2023. The research population consists of 11 companies, with 6 companies selected as the sample using purposive sampling techniques based on specific criteria. The data used are secondary data derived from financial statements obtained from the official IDX website (www.idx.co.id). The analytical method applied is quantitative with several statistical tests, including classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test, assisted by SPSS version 22. The research findings indicate that profitability, proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), has a positive and significant partial effect on firm value (t-value 3.132 > t-table 2.04841). Solvency, proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), also shows a positive and significant partial effect on firm value (t-value 5.810 > t-table 2.04841). Moreover, both profitability and solvency simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on firm value (F-value 86.997 > F-table 3.35). These results suggest that maintaining profitability and managing solvency effectively are key strategies for companies in enhancing firm value in a competitive market environment.

This study aims to analyze the bankruptcy prediction of PT Matahari Department Store Tbk using the Zmijewski method. The Zmijewski method, developed in 1984, is one of the most widely used approaches to predict corporate financial distress through the use of financial ratios. The study covers the period from 2019 to 2023 and applies a quantitative research design. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the company’s financial reports. Data collection techniques include documentation and literature study, while the data analysis technique applied is the Zmijewski model, which employs three main ratios: return on assets (X1), debt to assets ratio (X2), and current ratio (X3). The results show that in 2019, 2021, and 2022, the X values were -1.92, -0.29, and -0.25, respectively, indicating that PT Matahari Department Store was not predicted to face potential bankruptcy, as the values were below 0. However, in 2020 and 2023, the X values were 1.51 and 0.85, respectively, suggesting that the company had the potential to go bankrupt, as the results exceeded 0. These findings highlight the financial fluctuations experienced by PT Matahari Department Store during the study period, emphasizing the importance of continuous financial performance evaluation and the use of bankruptcy prediction models as an early warning tool for stakeholders and decision makers.

Stock returns represent a crucial parameter that serves as a reference for investors in evaluating company performance. A decline in returns has occurred in several mining companies listed on the IDX, despite the sector’s vital role in the national economy. This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Firm Size on the stock returns of mining companies listed on the IDX during the 2022–2024 period. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, resulting in 56 observational data after outliers were removed. To meet the assumptions of classical tests, several variables were transformed using natural logarithms, and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that CSR, ROE, and Firm Size have no significant effect on stock returns, whereas ROA and DER show a significant positive effect. These findings suggest that investors tend to emphasize financial fundamentals, particularly profitability and capital structure, rather than non-financial aspects such as CSR activities. The implication for companies is the need to enhance operational efficiency and optimize financial structures to attract investors and improve returns. Future researchers are encouraged to incorporate external variables such as global commodity prices, market risk, and macroeconomic indicators, as well as expand the observation period and apply more diverse methodological approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of stock return dynamics in the mining sector.

This research aims to determine the effect of the Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, and Total Asset Turnover on Return On Assets (ROA) in manufacturing companies within the Industrial Machinery and Heavy Equipment sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 – 2024. The study utilized secondary data in the form of annual financial statements from 9 companies in the machinery and heavy equipment sub-sector. These companies were selected using the purposive sampling technique based on specific criteria. The research applied a multiple linear regression model, with data processed using IBM SPSS version 25. The findings show that, partially, the Current Ratio has a positive and significant effect on Return On Assets, indicating that better liquidity management improves asset returns. The Debt to Equity Ratio, however, showed no significant impact on Return On Assets, suggesting that financial leverage does not strongly influence the return generated from assets in these companies. The Net Profit Margin was found to have a positive and significant effect on Return On Assets, meaning that higher profitability directly enhances asset performance. Similarly, Total Asset Turnover has a positive and significant impact on Return On Assets, indicating that efficient asset utilization leads to higher returns. The study highlights key financial indicators for improving asset returns in manufacturing companies within the sub-sector.

This research aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Earnings per Share (EPS), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Total Asset Turnover (TAT) on Stock Prices. The population of this study consists of companies in the Transportation and Logistics sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020-2024. Secondary data is used in this research, and purposive sampling techniques are employed, resulting in a sample of 22 companies within the Transportation and Logistics sub-sector from a population of 37 companies listed on the IDX during the same period. The research employs multiple linear regression analysis, with data processed using the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. The results of the study reveal that ROA, EPS, and TAT significantly affect stock prices, while the DER does not have a significant effect on stock prices. The findings provide insight into the importance of financial indicators such as ROA, EPS, and TAT in determining the stock prices of companies within the Transportation and Logistics sub-sector. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between financial performance metrics and stock prices, offering useful insights for investors and decision-makers in the financial market. Further research may explore other factors influencing stock prices and the role of corporate governance in shaping financial outcomes.

This study examines the comparative profitability of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk before and during the boycott issue that emerged as part of the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement in 2023. Profitability was selected as the focus because it is a key financial performance indicator that reflects the company’s ability to generate returns under changing social and economic pressures. The research aims to evaluate differences in financial performance using three indicators: Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) across two periods, namely before the boycott (2021–2022) and during the boycott (2023–2024). Employing a quantitative descriptive-comparative approach, the study analyzed financial ratios and applied the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The findings reveal a decline in ROA from 30.20% (2021) and 29.29% (2022) to 28.81% (2023) and 20.99% (2024), as well as a drop in NPM from 14.56% and 13.02% to 12.49% and 9.59% during the boycott period. Conversely, ROE increased to 156.74% in 2024, largely driven by a sharper decline in equity compared to net profit. Nevertheless, statistical testing indicates no significant difference in profitability between the two periods. These results suggest that while profitability trends weakened, the boycott had no statistically significant impact, implying that investor and consumer responses were not strong or sustained enough to materially affect financial performance.

This study aims to analyze the financial performance differences of Bank Syariah Indonesia before and after the merger based on three key ratios: Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Operational Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), and Return on Assets (ROA). A comparative quantitative approach was applied using financial statement data from the 2017–2024 period, analyzed with normality tests and paired sample t-tests. The normality test results indicate that all data are normally distributed. The paired sample t-test reveals no significant difference in the FDR ratio before and after the merger, while significant differences are found in BOPO and ROA. These findings indicate that the merger affected the efficiency and profitability of the bank, but not directly the effectiveness of fund distribution. The study implies that Bank Syariah Indonesia needs to strengthen operational efficiency and asset management post-merger. Future researchers are encouraged to include non-financial variables and apply qualitative approaches to gain more comprehensive insights.

This research is motivated by the decreasing production of gold mines every year, which will also affect the company's profitability. As for the methods used to measure the level of profitability of a company, one of them is by using return on assets. The level of profitability is also influenced by several other factors, including the current ratio and debt to equity ratio. The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of the Current Ratio and Debt To Equity Ratio on Return On Assets, both partially and simultaneously. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods. Researchers collected, classified and analyzed sample data using purposive sampling techniques. With 6 company samples consisting of 30 data selected and analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 27 program. The results of research and partial hypothesis testing. Current Ratio has no significant effect on Return On Assets with a value of tcount 1.228 < ttable 2.052. Debt To Equity Ratio has a significant effect on Return On Assets with a value of tcount 2.725 > ttable 2.052. The results of research and hypothesis testing with a value of Fcount 4.020 > Ftable 3.369 from the Current Ratio and Debt To Equity Ratio simultaneously have a significant effect on the Return On Assets of gold mining industry subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 period.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Quick Ratio (QR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on Return on Assets (ROA), both partially and simultaneously, at PT X during the period 2014–2023. The background of this study is based on the importance of liquidity and capital structure in influencing a company's ability to generate profits. QR is used as an indicator of company liquidity, while DER reflects the proportion of debt usage in the capital structure. ROA is chosen as a measure of profitability because it illustrates the company's effectiveness in utilizing total assets to generate profits. The research method used is a quantitative method. The study population consists of all annual financial reports of PT X, with samples in the form of financial position reports and income statements from 2014 to 2023. Data analysis was carried out through several stages, namely descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, coefficient of determination tests, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing to examine the relationship between variables. The results of the study indicate that partially the Quick Ratio has no significant effect on Return on Assets, with a calculated t value of 1.409 smaller than the t table of 2.365 and a significance value of 0.199 which is greater than 0.05. This finding indicates that the company's liquidity level has not been able to directly increase profitability. Furthermore, the Debt to Equity Ratio is also proven to have no significant effect on Return on Assets. This is indicated by a calculated t value of -2.299 which is smaller than the t table of 2.365 and a significance value of 0.055, still above the 0.05 limit. Thus, the company's capital structure through DER does not have a significant partial contribution to ROA.

A company's financial performance is one of the main indicators in assessing the health and sustainability of a business entity's operations. Evaluation of financial performance is crucial, especially for large companies operating in strategic sectors such as telecommunications. PT. XL, as a telecommunications company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, requires regular performance assessments to provide a clear picture of the effectiveness of its business strategy and its ability to generate profits. This study aims to analyze PT. XL's financial performance using a profitability ratio approach. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, utilizing secondary data sourced from the company's financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and other financial statements for the 2021–2023 period. The profitability ratios analyzed include Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), and Earnings Per Share (EPS). These five ratios were chosen because they are able to describe the company's ability to generate profits, both in terms of sales, total assets, and shareholder equity. The analysis results indicate that PT. XL's financial performance during the study period is still less than optimal. This is reflected in the profitability ratio, which is below the average standard for the Indonesian telecommunications industry. This condition indicates that the company has not been able to optimally manage its resources to generate competitive profits. This finding has important implications, namely the need to evaluate financial management strategies, operational cost efficiency, and improve service quality to increase company profitability in the future. Therefore, this study confirms that profitability ratio analysis is a crucial instrument for assessing a company's financial condition and serves as a basis for formulating performance improvement strategies.  

Banking is a key pillar of the financial system, playing a crucial role as an intermediary between those with excess funds and those in need of financing. In the context of post-pandemic economic recovery in the 2022–2024 period, bank sustainability and resilience, particularly in terms of profit-generating ability, are crucial aspects to consider. This study was conducted to analyze the extent to which capital structure and intermediation efficiency influence the profitability of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Capital structure in this study is proxied by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), while intermediation efficiency is measured by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). The profitability indicator used is Return on Assets (ROA), which reflects a bank's effectiveness in utilizing its assets to generate profits. This research methodology uses a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis with secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from 111 banks for the 2022–2024 period. The analysis results show that simultaneously, CAR and LDR variables have a significant effect on ROA. Furthermore, both variables have been shown to contribute positively to increasing bank profitability. In other words, maintaining adequate capital and efficient credit management can strengthen overall financial performance. This finding offers strategic implications for bank management in formulating capital and liquidity management policies. Optimizing these two aspects not only impacts short-term profit achievement but also contributes to the stability and sustainability of banking profitability in the long term. Therefore, banks need to ensure a strong capital strategy coupled with efficient intermediation to be more resilient in facing future economic dynamics.

This study the analyze the influence of financial performance as a predictor of stock price in the property and real estate sector listed on the IDX for the 2020-2024 period, using a sample consists of 12 property companies. The financial performance variables used in this study include ROE, EPS, CR, and TATO. The result of show that simultaneously,all four variables have a significant  effect on stock prices. Partially, only ROE, EPS, and TATO have a significant impact, while CR has no significant effect. The analysis methods include descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, and F Satatistical tests. The findings confirm that profitability, particularly (ROE and EPS) and asset efficiency (TATO), are the factors consideres  by investors when evaluating stocks in the property sector.  The analysis methods used in this study include descriptive statistics to summarize the data, classical assumption tests to ensure the validity of the regression model, multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between the financial performance variables and stock prices, and F-statistical tests to evaluate the overall significance of the model. The findings suggest that profitability, particularly ROE and EPS, and asset efficiency, represented by TATO, are the key factors considered by investors when evaluating stocks in the property sector.These results imply that investors in the property and real estate sector prioritize financial performance metrics that reflect the company's ability to generate returns and utilize its assets effectively. Specifically, ROE and EPS serve as crucial indicators of profitability and are closely monitored by market participants. On the other hand, CR, which measures the company's short-term liquidity, does not appear to have the same level of influence on stock prices.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of leverage measured by Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and activity ratio measured by Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on profitability measured by Return On Assets (ROA) at PT ABC Indonesia Tbk for the 2015–2024 period. The analysis is carried out both partially and simultaneously to provide an overview of the factors that affect the company's profitability. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative with secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial statements, in the form of balance sheet and income statements. Data analysis methods include t-test, f-test, and determination coefficient (R²). The results of the study show that partially, the Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) does not have a significant effect on the Return On Assets (ROA). This indicates that the company's leverage level, in the form of a comparison of total debt to total assets, did not directly contribute to the level of profitability during the study period. Similarly, Total Asset Turnover (TATO) is also partially unaffected by ROA. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of a company in utilizing total assets to generate sales has not fully affected profitability. However, the results of the simultaneous test (F test) showed that DAR and TATO together had a significant effect on ROA. A determination coefficient value (R²) of 0.6037 or 60.37% indicates that the variation in the company's profitability can be explained by these two independent variables. Meanwhile, the remaining 39.63% was influenced by other factors outside the research model, such as operational efficiency, cost structure, marketing strategy, and external conditions of the retail industry. Thus, this study confirms the importance of comprehensively considering leverage and asset activity in managing a company's profitability, although the partial influence of each variable has not shown strong significance.

The concept of company value is critical for investors as it reflects the potential growth, profitability, and long-term sustainability of a business. Company value is a critical factor that guides investment decisions, as it embodies both tangible and intangible factors that contribute to the firm’s success. The factors that influence company value include Good Corporate Governance (GCG), which refers to the practices that ensure a company’s management is held accountable, transparent, and efficient. It also includes profitability metrics, such as Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), which indicate how well a company is performing in generating profits from its assets and equity. This study aimed to analyze how GCG and profitability influence company value, specifically in the infrastructure sector of Indonesia, listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). By using multiple linear regression analysis with data collected from 8 companies between 2020 and 2024, the research uncovered some insightful findings. It was found that the presence of Independent Commissioners, as part of GCG, had a positive and significant effect on company value. This highlights the importance of having independent oversight to ensure that the company operates in the best interests of its shareholders. In contrast, Institutional Ownership had no significant impact on company value, which might suggest that larger institutional investors do not always influence the company’s strategic direction in a way that directly affects value. Additionally, profitability, as measured by ROA and ROE, had significant effects on company value. ROA negatively influenced company value, which may indicate that companies with higher assets do not always perform better in terms of profitability, possibly due to inefficiencies. However, ROE had a positive influence on company value, suggesting that companies that efficiently use equity to generate profits are viewed more favorably by investors.