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This study examines the implementation of Indonesian Language learning in higher education as a foundation for developing students’ academic literacy within an Outcome Based Education (OBE) framework. The research is motivated by serious concerns regarding students’ low academic writing ability, weak critical reading skills, and inconsistent use of academic language, which hinder the formation of academic culture at universities. The objective of this study is to describe and interpret the learning process, challenges, and outcomes of Indonesian Language courses in fostering academic literacy. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach conducted intensively over a three-week period. Data were collected through classroom observations, in depth interviews with lecturers and students, and document analysis of lesson plans, teaching materials, and students’ academic assignments. The findings reveal that although the course design conceptually aligns with OBE principles, its classroom implementation has not fully emphasized reflective processes, critical engagement, and consistent academic language practice. Learning activities tend to focus on task completion rather than on the development of academic thinking processes. The study implies that Indonesian Language learning should be strengthened through reflective, contextual, and process oriented strategies to enhance students’ academic literacy and academic identity. These findings contribute theoretically to studies on academic literacy and practically to the improvement of Indonesian Language instruction in higher education.

This study aims to describe the application of role-playing techniques in group guidance to improve self-confidence in adolescents at Rantepao Christian High School. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with eight eleventh-grade students with low self-confidence, identified through initial observations and interviews. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation during eight group guidance sessions, and documentation such as student reflection journals. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that role-playing techniques were effective in improving students' self-confidence, as evidenced by increased active participation, group speaking skills, and positive self-expression post-intervention. Students were initially hesitant and shy, but after role-playing in social scenarios such as presentations and peer interactions, they showed significant behavioral changes. Supporting factors included a supportive group atmosphere and positive feedback from counselors and peers. This study contributes to guidance and counseling practices in Christian schools, emphasizing the importance of experiential methods such as role-playing for adolescents in the North Toraja community. Practical implications are recommended for guidance and counseling teachers to integrate this technique into student self-development programs.

This research investigates the integration of Smart Production Systems (SPS) within the framework of Industry 5.0, emphasizing how such integration redefines operational efficiency and human–machine collaboration. The study aims to identify the contributions of smart technologies to productivity, sustainability, and human value in modern production systems. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, drawing from international databases including Elsevier, Springer, IEEE Xplore, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, ACM, and SAGE, as well as national sources. Publications from 2023–2025 were screened using keywords such as “Industry 5.0,” “Smart Production Systems,” “Human–Machine Collaboration,” and “Operational Efficiency.” Thematic analysis categorized findings into four dimensions: operational efficiency, human–machine collaboration, industrial sustainability, and socio-ethical aspects. Results indicate that SPS integration significantly enhances operational efficiency while fostering adaptive and creative collaboration between humans and machines. The combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), and human creativity establishes a resilient, sustainable, and innovative production paradigm. Successful implementation of Industry 5.0 requires harmonizing technological advancement, human skills, and ethical principles. Practically, the study offers insights for industry stakeholders and policymakers in designing human-centered digital transformation strategies, strengthening supply chain resilience, workplace safety, and innovation. This research contributes conceptually by highlighting ethical and sustainable human–machine interactions in future production systems.

This community service activity aims to improve the capacity and strengthen the digital literacy of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Klambir Lima Kebun Village, Hamparan Perak District, in utilizing digital technology as a means of marketing their products. The main problems faced by MSME players in this village are a low understanding of digital marketing strategies, limited effective use of social media, and a lack of ability to manage digital content that is attractive and suitable for the target market. Through this community service activity, participants were equipped with basic knowledge and digital literacy, digital marketing strategies, the use of e-commerce platforms, and techniques for creating photo and video-based promotional content. The implementation methods included socialization, practical training, and mentoring for community service participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in the understanding and skills of MSME actors in managing digital business accounts and utilizing social media such as Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp Business as effective marketing tools. With this activity, it is hoped that MSME actors in Klambir Lima Kebun Village will be able to expand their market reach, increase sales, and adapt to the development of the digital economy in a sustainable manner.

The increasing consumption of plastic, particularly single-use packaging, has led to a significant rise in household plastic waste, which poses a potential threat to environmental sustainability. One type of waste that remains underutilized is metallic plastic packaging. This Community Service activity aimed to enhance community knowledge and skills in processing metallic plastic packaging waste into handicraft products with functional value and economic potential. The activity was conducted in collaboration with the Family Welfare and Empowerment Group (PKK) of Ngringo Village, Karanganyar, involving 15 participants. The methods employed included a preliminary survey, educational outreach, hands-on practical training, and continuous mentoring. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated using pre-test and post-test assessments analyzed through the normalized gain (N-gain) method. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ knowledge and skills following the training, with an average N-gain value of 0.68, which falls within the moderate-to-high category. These findings indicate that the metallic plastic packaging waste processing training was effective in enhancing community capacity. Furthermore, the activity not only contributed to reducing plastic waste generation but also promoted the implementation of circular economy principles.

This study aims to develop a Student Worksheet (LKPD) on Chemical Bonding assisted by Augmented Reality (AR) based on deep learning and to examine its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness in improving learning activities and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of high school students. The research employed a 4D development model (define, design, develop, and disseminate) using a pretest posttest control group design involving 11th grade students. Research instruments included expert validation sheets, learning activity questionnaires, and HOTS test instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The results indicated that the AR-based LKPD met very feasible and practical criteria based on expert judgment and student responses. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in learning activities and HOTS achievement (p = 0.005). The increase in HOTS scores in the experimental group was categorized as moderate, indicating meaningful learning gains. These findings demonstrate that the AR-assisted Chemical Bonding LKPD is effective as an innovative learning medium for supporting students’ understanding of abstract chemistry concepts and fostering higher-order thinking skills.

This community service program aims to improve the entrepreneurial skills of high school students through the understanding and application of SMART Goal Setting. The activities were carried out in the form of workshops, group discussions, and intensive mentoring for eleventh-grade students. Data were collected through observations, short interviews, participant reflection notes, and documentation of business plans. Analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, emphasizing the participants' experience patterns and behavioral changes after participating in the program. The results showed that students were better able to formulate specific, measurable, realistic, relevant, and time-bound business goals. In addition, participants reported increased self-confidence, regularity in developing business steps, and awareness of the importance of structured planning. These findings confirm the relevance of implementing SMART Goal Setting in high school entrepreneurship education as a practical strategy that can support the emergence of aspiring young entrepreneurs.

This study examines the relationship between learning theories and the selection of instructional media in classroom practice. It is motivated by the observation that teachers often choose media based on availability rather than alignment with pedagogical goals. The purpose of this study is to analyze how behavioristic, cognitive, constructivist, and humanistic learning theories guide the design and use of effective instructional media. This research employs a qualitative approach using classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and document analysis. The findings indicate that instructional media aligned with learning theory significantly enhance students’ motivation, engagement, and comprehension. Interactive, student-centered media grounded in constructivist principles produced the strongest improvements, while drill-oriented media were most suitable for procedural skills. This study offers a practical model for aligning learning objectives, learning theories, and media selection that teachers can use in lesson planning.

Students have a strategic role as agents of change that requires adequate leadership and managerial skills. Formal learning in the classroom has not been able to fully develop these practical skills. This community service activity aims to improve the basic management skills of students at the Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro through Basic Student Management Skills Training (LKMM TD) with the theme Sailing Beyond Limits. The implementation method uses a Participatory Learning Action approach that includes problem identification, strategic planning, activity implementation, and joint evaluation. The activity was attended by 193 students from student organizations and general students. The learning process was carried out through lectures, case studies, discussions, group work, and pre- and post-tests. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in participant capacity, marked by an increase in the average score from 68.21 percent in the pre-test to 91.69 percent. LKMM TD activities effectively equip students with managerial, leadership, communication, and motivational control skills as provisions for carrying out the role of student agents of change.

Women's empowerment at the village level is a strategic step in strengthening household economics, especially in transitional areas such as Sunggu Manai Village, Pattallassang District. The main problems faced by partners are low productive skills and a lack of financial literacy, leading to economic dependence and vulnerability to illegal lending schemes. This community service activity aims to increase women's economic capacity through technical skills training and financial management. The method used is Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) with stages of socialization, hardskill training (making processed products), and financial literacy workshops (cash management and investment awareness education). The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge by 45% based on pre-test and post-test scores. Furthermore, participants were able to manufacture products with marketable packaging standards and gained a new understanding regarding the separation of business cash from domestic cash. The conclusion of this activity is that the integration of practical skills and financial intelligence can encourage women's economic independence and create more sustainable family financial resilience.

This Community Service Program (PkM) aims to strengthen the role of adolescent parents through education on parenting during puberty and family financial literacy in Lembang Tondon Langi’, Tondon District, North Toraja Regency. Through two training sessions led by Ibu Rio Rita Pakan and Ibu Westerini, the program focused on enhancing the knowledge and skills of parents in addressing the challenges of parenting adolescent children and managing household finances. The first session, which addressed parenting during puberty, provided parents with insights into the characteristics of adolescent development and effective communication strategies. The second session, which focused on family financial management, offered practical skills in budgeting, debt management, and saving for the future. The results of the program showed that parents in Lembang Tondon Langi’ felt more prepared and confident in applying a more open and adaptive approach to parenting, as well as becoming more prudent in managing household finances. The enhancement of skills in both areas is expected to create more harmonious families and greater financial stability. The sustainability of the program is recommended through the formation of ongoing discussion groups and the active involvement of community leaders. This program has contributed positively to family welfare and the empowerment of parents in rural areas

Women's empowerment at the village level is a strategic step in strengthening household economics, especially in transitional areas such as Sunggu Manai Village, Pattallassang District. The main problems faced by partners are low productive skills and a lack of financial literacy, leading to economic dependence and vulnerability to illegal lending schemes. This community service activity aims to increase women's economic capacity through technical skills training and financial management. The method used is Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) with stages of socialization, hardskill training (making processed products), and financial literacy workshops (cash management and investment awareness education). The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge by 45% based on pre-test and post-test scores. Furthermore, participants were able to manufacture products with marketable packaging standards and gained a new understanding regarding the separation of business cash from domestic cash. The conclusion of this activity is that the integration of practical skills and financial intelligence can encourage women's economic independence and create more sustainable family financial resilience.

Current human activities are the cause of the accumulation of waste. Waste generated from community activities can come from households, agriculture, offices, industry, and so on. Based on previous research, waste that is not properly handled will cause environmental damage, produce odors, and risk the spread of diseases that are agents or sources of infection that cause stunting in children. The purpose of this community service is to provide education on waste management to prevent cases of stunting in children. The methods used in the educational activities are lectures and question and answer sessions. Composting training is conducted using a practical method. Educational media used leaflets and composting practice materials using household waste leftovers from the community service targets. The target community service was 20 housewives in the Caturharjo area. The results obtained are that the education and practice were implemented well and smoothly. The community provided a positive response to the material provided in the form of questions and answers after the educational material. There was a change in composting skills among the community members. The conclusion of this community service activity was an increase in knowledge and skills in processing household waste into composter.

The limited ability of teachers to write scientific papers remains one of the obstacles to professional development and career advancement. This activity aimed to improve teachers’ competencies through scientific writing training at SMAN 1 Kayu Agung, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The method employed was training and mentoring, which included the delivery of materials on basic concepts of scientific writing, the structure of scientific articles, citation and referencing techniques, and practical sessions on preparing scientific articles. The participants of this activity were teachers of SMAN 1 Kayu Agung. The results showed an improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in writing scientific papers, as indicated by their ability to produce scientific articles in accordance with proper academic writing standards. In addition, teachers demonstrated positive attitudes and increased motivation to produce scientific works as part of continuous professional development. Therefore, scientific writing training is effective in enhancing teachers’ competencies and can serve as a strategy for teacher professional development in schools.

This community service program aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the community in Pulau Akar, Setokok Village, Batam City, in utilizing Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA) for optimizing health based on traditional methods. The program was carried out through training involving housewives, community leaders, and local health cadres. The methods used include an initial survey, practical training on types of medicinal plants, their benefits, processing methods, and the distribution of TOGA seedlings to be planted at participants' homes. Additionally, group discussions were held to reinforce understanding and organize TOGA utilization within the community. The results of this program showed a significant increase in participants' understanding and skills regarding the use of TOGA for treating minor ailments and disease prevention. The community began planting TOGA around their homes, creating herbal gardens that can be used as a source of natural medicine. Furthermore, the emergence of local leaders actively disseminating knowledge about TOGA was an important outcome of this service. Social change was also evident as the community became more aware of the importance of managing health independently using local resources. It is hoped that this program will continue with regular training and the strengthening of TOGA utilization groups to ensure the sustainability of this program in the future.

Abstract. The rapid growth of social media has significantly changed communication patterns, self-expression, and employment opportunities, especially among younger generations. However, among vocational high school students, social media use is still largely focused on entertainment and has not been optimally utilized for skill development, personal branding, or economically productive activities. Addressing this issue, a community service program was conducted to enhance the knowledge, understanding, and practical skills of students at SMK YBPK Pare in creating creative, structured, and relevant social media content in line with the demands of the digital era in 2024. The program was implemented through the delivery of conceptual materials on social media fundamentals, content planning strategies, and effective content creation techniques. These materials were strengthened through interactive discussions and hands-on practice using smartphones and accessible editing applications. The participants included 40 students from grades X, XI, and XII, representing Generation Z with high social media usage intensity. The results showed improved student understanding of the purpose of social media, basic digital content concepts, and communicative content creation techniques. Students were able to produce simple promotional content to support school branding. In addition to technical skills, the program increased awareness of social media as a tool for self-development, digital literacy, and future employment or entrepreneurial opportunities, thereby contributing positively to students’ digital competencies and work readiness.

This study describes the implementation of Field Work Lectures (KKL) in Muara Wahau Village, focusing on religious education, youth character building, and community economic and social empowerment. KKL students were directly involved in teaching at the TPQ (Islamic Religious Education Center), tutoring for elementary and kindergarten students, leadership development in junior and senior high schools, mentoring MSMEs, community service activities, group exercise, and family health data collection. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed thematically. The results showed that the KKL successfully improved the youth's Quran reading skills, understanding of religious values, discipline, leadership, and social awareness. Furthermore, economic and social empowerment through MSME mentoring and community activities strengthened community independence and synergy. Obstacles such as high rainfall and the absence of the village head were successfully overcome through intensive coordination and adjustments to the activity schedule. The KKL proved effective as a practical learning tool for students while also having a positive impact on the community.

Science lessons in primary school significantly contribute to the early development of logical, scientific and systematic reasoning skills.   However, learning science can be challenging, especially when it comes to understanding abstract concepts and cause-and-effect interactions.   This is due to the fact that, as per Piaget's theory, primary school students are still in the concrete operational stage and have limited cognitive growth. Data regarding abstraction ability and causal reasoning in the context of science education were collected from various scientific sources using the literature review research methodology.  According to the research findings, STEAM integration, project-based learning strategies such as Project Based Learning (PBL), and the use of real and visual aids can help lower learning barriers. Successful learning is also influenced by the teacher's role as facilitator, which involves presenting the material in a relevant and contextualized way and fostering a positive learning environment. Real-world examples and exceptional examples, such as the use of worksheets based on cause-and-effect relationships and basic experiments, demonstrate how useful these strategies are for improving abstract thinking and understanding of cause-and-effect relationships. Developing innovative teaching methods based on practical, exploratory and integrative experiments is essential for maximizing the scientific understanding of primary school students.

The rapid development of digital technology highlights the importance of introducing computational thinking skills from an early age, including at the elementary school level. One effective approach to introducing basic programming concepts is through block-based coding learning media that are visual, interactive, and engaging. This community service activity aimed to improve elementary school students’ understanding and interest in basic coding through hands-on training using block-based coding media. The program was implemented with sixth-grade students at Yayasan Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Medan. The activity employed a hands-on training approach consisting of several stages, including an introduction to basic coding concepts, familiarization with the Blockly Games interface, and practical exercises involving puzzle and maze challenges designed to develop logical thinking, sequencing, and problem-solving skills. The evaluation was conducted through direct observation of student participation and assessment of students’ ability to complete the given challenges. The results demonstrated that the use of Blockly Games effectively increased students’ enthusiasm, active engagement, and understanding of basic programming logic. Students who initially perceived programming as difficult showed greater interest and confidence due to the colorful, visual block-based instructions that were easy to understand and enjoyable. This community service activity is expected to serve as an effective introductory model for coding education and to support the development of digital literacy among elementary school students.

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) play a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, serving as key drivers of inclusive economic growth and major contributors to employment creation. Despite their importance, many UMKM operators continue to face significant challenges in financial management, particularly due to the absence of structured and systematic financial record-keeping practices. This condition is also evident among UMKM in Kuning Gading Village, Unit XVIII Kuamang Kuning, where most businesses are still managed in a traditional manner with inadequate bookkeeping systems. This community service program aims to enhance financial literacy and strengthen the capacity of UMKM actors to implement simple bookkeeping as a foundation for effective business financial management. The methods employed include needs assessment through field observation, educational and practical training sessions, hands-on mentoring, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test instruments. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and skills related to transaction recording, separation of business and personal finances, and preparation of simple cash flow statements. Evaluation outcomes show an increase in competency scores from an initial range of 20%–40% to 75%–85% after the training. Furthermore, the program fostered a positive shift in participants’ mindset toward more professional and accountable business management practices. Therefore, the implementation of simple bookkeeping is proven to be an effective initial strategy for strengthening MSME financial governance and supporting sustainable business development at the local level.