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Waste candlenut shells are one type of biomass that has significant potential to be developed as an alternative energy source, particularly in the form of briquettes. Candlenut shells, which are typically discarded as agricultural waste, contain combustible material that can be transformed into solid fuel. However, the traditional briquette molding process is still done manually, which is time-consuming, inefficient, and often results in inconsistent briquette shapes and density. This study aims to design and develop a briquette molding machine specifically for processing candlenut shell waste, with the goal of improving both production efficiency and the quality of the briquettes produced. The research methodology includes several stages: mechanical design, selection of appropriate materials, fabrication of machine components, assembly, and performance testing of the machine. The resulting machine utilizes a screw conveyor compression system powered by a 5.5 HP petrol engine. It features a cylindrical mold with a 40 mm diameter to shape the briquettes uniformly. During the performance test, the machine demonstrated a maximum production capacity of 14.3 kg per hour, with an average processing time of 24 minutes and a briquette yield reaching up to 85%. The findings indicate that the machine can significantly streamline the briquette production process while maintaining product consistency and quality. This briquette molding machine is particularly suitable for household and small-scale industries aiming to utilize renewable energy sources and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. The use of this machine also supports environmental sustainability by converting agricultural waste into a usable energy product.  

Sustainable tourism aims to maximize the potential of travel destinations while maintaining a careful balance between social, economic, and environmental factors, and coastal tourism such as that found at Mutun Beach in Lampung illustrates both the promise and the urgency of this approach. Coastal tourism is one of the fastest-growing segments of the global travel industry, offering visitors natural beauty, recreational activities, and cultural experiences that generate significant income for local economies. In Indonesia, beaches are major attractions that can boost regional development through job creation, small business opportunities, and improved infrastructure. Mutun Beach, a well-known coastal destination on the southern coast of Sumatra, contributes greatly to the Regional Original Income (PAD) of Lampung Province and provides livelihoods for surrounding communities. Yet despite its popularity, the area continues to face persistent problems such as weak administrative management, limited community participation, inadequate facilities, and signs of environmental degradation, all of which threaten its long-term sustainability. This service project therefore focuses on designing a comprehensive plan for sustainable tourism growth at Mutun Beach for the 2025–2030 period. A participatory strategy is employed through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving local government, tourism stakeholders, community members, academics, and potential investors to ensure inclusive decision-making. The resulting five-stage roadmap emphasizes strengthening tourism regulations, constructing eco-friendly infrastructure, empowering residents with training and entrepreneurial opportunities, creating tourism products that highlight environmental and cultural values, and adopting digital marketing to reach broader audiences. Success indicators include increased regional revenue, rising visitor numbers, higher tourist satisfaction, and measurable improvements in coastal environmental health. Implementing this roadmap is urgent because coastal tourism directly supports economic growth, provides steady employment, and safeguards natural resources, ensuring that Mutun Beach remains both competitive and environmentally resilient for generations to come.

The rapid expansion of digital platforms in higher education has paved the way for Virtual Exchange (VE) as a viable alternative to traditional student mobility programs. VE leverages online technologies to connect university students from diverse cultural and academic backgrounds, enabling cross-cultural communication and global collaboration without the financial and geographical barriers associated with physical exchanges. Despite its potential, challenges remain regarding student engagement, technological limitations, and reduced immersion compared to face-to-face interactions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VE in fostering intercultural awareness and teamwork skills among university students. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys to measure intercultural competence and collaboration with qualitative interviews to explore students’ experiences in depth. The findings indicate that VE contributes significantly to the development of intercultural understanding, digital literacy, and teamwork, with students reporting enhanced awareness of cultural diversity and improved adaptability in online collaboration. Visual and statistical analyses highlight clear patterns in how VE facilitates skill development, while qualitative data emphasize both the benefits and obstacles students encounter, such as managing time zone differences and cultural nuances. The study concludes that VE represents an inclusive and scalable educational approach that complements traditional exchange programs, offering broader access to global learning opportunities while addressing issues of equity and accessibility. However, its limitations suggest that VE should be integrated strategically, potentially through hybrid models that balance virtual and physical mobility to maximize its impact.

This study investigates the influence of employing Atta Halilintar as a brand ambassador on the improvement of products and services at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) through the lens of business communication. The research employs a quantitative approach with data collected via questionnaires from 100 respondents, both BSI customers and non-customers. Respondents assessed seven key variables: awareness, image, relevance, product knowledge, purchase intention, word of mouth, and engagement. The findings reveal that the brand ambassador has a moderate impact on strengthening BSI’s products and services, with average scores falling within the “fair” range of 2.76–3.1 on a four-point Likert scale. Awareness recorded the highest score of 3.1, reflecting the effectiveness of Atta Halilintar in enhancing brand recognition among the younger generation. Conversely, purchase intention received the lowest score of 2.76, suggesting that although awareness and positive image improved, they have not yet translated into higher conversion rates or actual product usage. These results highlight that the presence of a brand ambassador primarily boosts visibility and engagement but requires complementary strategies such as product education, interactive campaigns, and community-based marketing to achieve stronger customer adoption. Thus, the study underscores the importance of integrating brand ambassador initiatives with broader business communication strategies to maximize both awareness and transactional outcomes in Islamic banking.

This research positions tourism as a key driver for rural economic transformation via the Community-Based Ecotourism model. Lubuk Langkap Nature Tourism Village, South Bengkulu, has excellent natural assets (pristine), such as clear rivers and tropical forests, supported by good social capital. However, this potential is structurally constrained by a Severe Institutional Crisis within the Village-Owned Enterprise, marked by informal management, lack of standard accounting, and vulnerability to moral hazard risk (misconduct). The Main Thesis asserts that this institutional crisis is not merely a technical issue but a major root problem that weakens Social Capital, damages community Capability, and risks permanent environmental damage. The study uses in-depth strategic analysis focusing on the New Institutional Economics and an integrated SWOT framework, employing interpretive descriptive qualitative methods. The analysis formulates an integrated Community-Based Ecotourism development strategy within a Governance framework that is Strengthened by Risk a system designed to become more resilient when facing shocks (moral hazard risk). The Integrated Action Strategy includes: (1) Establishing Exclusive Village-Owned Enterprise Regulatory Control Rights over the entrance gate and Environmental Carrying Capacity; (2) Implementing a physical Daily Public Financial Dashboard to prevent misconduct; and (3) Legalizing Village Regulations (Perdes) on Conservation Zoning and Maximum Daily Visitor Limits. Implementing a Niche Premium Operational Business Plan (OBP), detailing a High Pricing Strategy (including a Conservation Fee) and a fair Proportional Revenue Sharing Formula, is key to achieving improved welfare and ecological sustainability in South Bengkulu.

This study examines the effectiveness of Open Data policies in enhancing public participation and government accountability in Poso Regency. Utilizing a library research approach, it analyzes secondary data to assess how open access to public data fosters transparency and civic engagement. The findings reveal that Open Data, through initiatives like the Village Information Sistem (SID), improves administrative efficiency and financial oversight, yet faces challenges such as limited digital literacy, unstable internet connectivity, and public apathy. These factors hinder optimal participation and accountability. The study highlights the need for digital literacy programs, improved infrastructure, and inclusive leadership to maximize the policy’s impact. Open Data serves as a catalyst for sustainable local governance and development in Poso.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Jakpreneur program in reducing unemployment in South Jakarta. Jakpreneur is a strategic initiative launched by the Jakarta Provincial Government as a concrete effort to empower Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This program is designed with various forms of support, such as skills training, business mentoring, legal licensing facilitation, product marketing support, and easy access to capital. This aims to create an inclusive and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem, especially amidst the complex challenges of the urban economy and the ongoing unemployment rate. However, in its implementation on the ground, the program's effectiveness still faces several obstacles. One of the main problems identified is the suboptimality of information technology-based training. Many participants have not yet mastered basic digital skills, making it difficult to keep up with developments in training methods that rely on technology. In addition, the low level of responsiveness of program facilitators to participant needs, as well as the limited digital literacy of MSMEs, also hinders maximizing the benefits of this program. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. The findings indicate that, despite some shortcomings, the Jakpreneur program has been generally successful in improving participants' entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, reaching the right target audience, and having a tangible impact on increasing business capacity and reducing unemployment. Therefore, strengthening outreach, improving the quality of digital training, and providing more active and responsive mentoring is necessary to further enhance the program's effectiveness.

The rapid advancement of science and technology requires universities to provide safe, comfortable, and representative learning facilities. One such initiative is the construction of a five-story lecture building at Dr. Soetomo University, designed with a steel structure as an alternative to reinforced concrete. Steel was chosen due to its high tensile strength, uniform material properties, lighter weight, ease of installation, and strong resistance to earthquake loads. This study aims to design a five-story lecture building with a steel structure that meets the requirements of strength, stability, and safety in accordance with applicable standards. The method applied is structural planning based on SNI 1729:2020, SNI 1727:2020, and SNI 1726:2019 using the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach. Structural analysis was conducted with SAP2000 version 2014 through three-dimensional modeling that considers geometry, material properties, loading, and placement. The results show that the selected steel profiles for beams, columns, and connections are capable of supporting the combination of dead loads, live loads, and seismic loads with safe performance. The maximum stress remains below the allowable limit, and the deflection values do not exceed the permitted deviation. These findings confirm that steel provides efficiency in dimensions and materials while offering practicality and earthquake resistance, and the design produced can serve as a useful reference for future multi-story building projects in earthquake-prone regions.

Biomass is one of the materials that can be utilized as fuel. To ensure optimal quality, effective management of biomass is required to maximize its potential. One possible approach is the application of a biomass stove fueled by rubber wood pellets. By integrating a thermoelectric generator, data can be obtained to determine whether all aspects meet the established standards. This system is designed to generate electrical energy from combustion heat, supported by components such as a buck-boost converter and a 3V DC lamp. Testing was carried out using proximate and ultimate analyses on the fuel as well as the Water Boiling Test (WBT) on the stove, referring to SNI 8021:2020 and SNI 8021:2014 standards. The results showed that rubber wood pellets contained 7.64% moisture and had a calorific value of 4050 kcal/kg. The stove demonstrated an efficiency of 23.53%–37.28% and a fuel consumption rate of 0.61–0.77 kg/hour, both of which meet the requirements. In addition, the thermoelectric generator produced a voltage of 3.6 V and an electric current of 0.05 A, which are higher than those reported in previous studies (2.06 V and 0.01 A, respectively). Therefore, this thermoelectric biomass stove system is considered successful and feasible for further development as an alternative energy application.

This study investigates the role of peer social support in enhancing self-confidence among adolescents at the Amal Wanita An-Nur Orphanage in Depok, Indonesia. Adolescents living in orphanages often experience psychological challenges, including low self-confidence and limited social interaction, which can affect their personal growth and future orientation. The objective of this research is to explore how peer social support contributes to strengthening self-confidence and to identify the forms, driving factors, and obstacles of such support. A qualitative descriptive method was applied through observation, interviews, and documentation, involving seven informants consisting of the orphanage head, caregivers, and adolescents. Findings show that three types of support emotional, appraisal, and informational play a dominant role in fostering self-confidence. Emotional support was expressed through empathy and active listening, appraisal support was provided through recognition of achievements and encouragement, while informational support involved advice and constructive feedback. Meanwhile, instrumental and network support were less emphasized due to limited resources. Despite the presence of barriers such as feelings of inferiority, miscommunication, and differences in emotional readiness, peer support proved effective in motivating adolescents, strengthening their resilience, and fostering positive self-perception. The implications suggest the need for structured peer-support programs, facilitated by caregivers and social workers, to maximize adolescents’ potential and prepare them for future challenges. Thus, this study demonstrates that peer social support serves not only as a protective factor but also as a social learning tool that shapes adolescents' interpersonal skills. Targeted programs can increase self-confidence, expand social relationships, and create a more supportive and inclusive nursing home environment.

In today’s fast-paced digital era, health information is no longer obtained solely through direct visits to health facilities but can also be accessed through information technology such as E-Health platforms and social media. Through these digital tools, mothers not only gain basic knowledge about child health but also acquire essential information, such as how to prevent stunting, maintain optimal nutrition during the first 1,000 days of a child’s life, and improve maternal health. Easily accessible information has become an important resource for parents, especially mothers, in supporting the maximum growth and development of their children from an early age. This community service activity, entitled Optimizing Maternal and Child Health in the Technological Era, aimed to improve participants’ knowledge while also shaping positive attitudes toward the use of information technology and social media. Through this program, participants were encouraged to be more skillful and selective in accessing accurate health information, thus supporting efforts to maintain maternal and child health both within the family and in the school environment. The activity was carried out at TK IT Al-Andalusia, Gowa Regency, involving parents, teachers, and the school community. The results showed that the program was implemented successfully and smoothly, receiving very positive responses from participants. They were highly enthusiastic throughout the sessions, from lectures to interactive discussions. Furthermore, participants expressed their hope that similar activities could be conducted regularly and on an ongoing basis. In this way, the benefits achieved can be sustained, leading to improved health outcomes and the development of healthier lifestyles in schools and the wider community.

This research develops an automated temperature control system for water heaters, that is both efficient and stable, driven by the need for energy-saving heating solutions, particularly for marine applications. The main objective was to create an automatic system capable of maintaining water temperature within an optimal range while maximizing energy efficiency through the use of thermal storage materials. The methodology involved an on-off control system based on a microcontroller as the main controller, capable of processing temperature sensor data in real time. This system intelligently activates and deactivates the heater to keep the water temperature stable. Paraffin wax was used as a latent heat storage medium, playing a crucial role in gradually storing and releasing thermal energy to support temperature stability. An automatic water heater system based on the ESP32 microcontroller with an on-off control mechanism was successfully designed using paraffin wax combined with silica sand as a thermal storage medium. The addition of silica sand significantly enhanced heat conductivity and temperature stability. Test results showed a substantial reduction in energy consumption, with daily savings reaching Rp12,762.88, equivalent to 67% of total daily energy costs. Over a one-year period, the total savings amounted to Rp4,658,103.20, demonstrating that the paraffin wax–silica sand combination is highly effective in improving energy efficiency and reducing long-term operational costs.

This research aims to develop and evaluate the performance of a steam plant prototype designed as an alternative source of electrical energy to support the Vessel to Grid (V2G) concept. Utilization of backup energy on ships is becoming important as electricity demand increases and demands for a more sustainable electrical system. This system relies on ESP32 microcontroller technology as a control center that functions to monitor and control several key parameters, including steam pressure, combustion temperature, boiler water level, and the generated electrical voltage. The research method used is an experiment with a static and dynamic testing approach. Static testing is carried out to measure the performance of main components such as the boiler, turbine, and generator separately, while dynamic testing focuses on evaluating the overall system by involving the integration of sensors and supporting actuators. The test data is then analyzed quantitatively to determine the system's response to variations in steam pressure, temperature, and other operational conditions. The results show that the steam produced by the boiler is able to rotate the turbine, thereby driving the generator to produce electricity. The maximum voltage achieved is 25.7 volts at a steam pressure of 50 psi. The highest energy conversion efficiency was recorded at 4%, while the lowest efficiency was 0.9%. These findings demonstrate that, despite its relatively low efficiency, the prototype can function as an alternative energy source and emergency backup solution. Thus, this research provides an initial contribution to supporting the implementation of the V2G concept through the development of a small-scale steam plant-based energy conversion system.

Background: Nurses are the most dominant health workers in hospitals including inpatient installations. This dominance tends to have an impact on the main focus of the community including patients. When the nurse's performance is good, being able to cover all services in the hospital will be of good value in the eyes of the community and patients, making it a crucial point for nurses to work in accordance with the competencies, main tasks and functions and practice standards set by health care facilities. This study examines the relationship between nurse performance and patient satisfaction treated at the inpatient installation of Bhayangkara Hospital Jayapura. Method: This study is a type of non-experimental quantitative research with correlation studies. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires. The number of respondents was 98 people with the same number of nurses and patients, namely 49 people. The sampling technique used was incidental. Data were analyzed using spearmank rho. Result: Based on the results of the study, it was found that the age of 26-45 years, female, with a Diploma III education, and a length of work of more than 3 years. While the majority of patient respondents were aged 18-25 years, female, with the most education being high school, having a self-employed job, and a length of care of 1-3 days. The performance of nurses found to be categorized as good while the majority of patient satisfaction was very satisfied. The results of the spearman rho analysis obtained a correlation strength level of 0.924 with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: Nurse performance is related to patient satisfaction treated at the inpatient installation of Bhayangkara Hospital Jayapura. It is expected that the measurement of nurse performance with patient satisfaction will be carried out periodically, a maximum of once a year to evaluate nursing services.

This study discusses the optimization of the allocation of productive waqf funds using MATLAB through a case study on the Waqf Board of the Islamic University of Indonesia (UII) Yogyakarta. Productive waqf has an important role in supporting socio-economic empowerment, but its management often faces challenges in determining the efficient distribution of funds. The purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model to optimize the allocation of waqf funds in various sectors such as education, health, micro enterprises, and social programs. The research method uses a quantitative approach with optimization techniques implemented in MATLAB to simulate various fund distribution scenarios. The results of the study show that the optimization model is able to provide a more effective distribution of waqf funds compared to the actual allocation pattern, thereby increasing efficiency and impact on community welfare. Thus, the use of MATLAB has been proven to help waqf institutions in formulating accurate data-based decisions and mathematical models. In addition, this study emphasizes that the application of modern computing technology can strengthen the role of waqf as an instrument of sustainable social development. The implications of this study show that the integration of mathematical modeling with modern computing tools can be an important strategy for Islamic philanthropic institutions in maximizing the potential of productive waqf, especially in Yogyakarta. This research also contributes to the development of Islamic economic literature, offers practical recommendations for waqf managers, and shows the application of MATLAB as a tool in economic decision-making. With this approach, productive waqf is expected to provide wider and sustainable benefits for the community, as well as be an inspiration for other waqf institutions in Indonesia to adopt a similar strategy.

This study aims to describe how stereotypes occur in cross-cultural communication between PMM and PNM students and to examine their impacts on students’ achievement and interaction. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires to capture both behavioral and perceptual aspects of communication. The findings reveal several key points. First, initial interactions shaped expectations and assumptions about each other’s behavior and culture. Second, stereotypes often caused miscommunication, misunderstandings, and confusion in interpreting messages. Third, they influenced group dynamics, including cooperation, participation, and conflict resolution. Fourth, students’ perceptions of identity, both personal and cultural, played a role in shaping their interactions. Fifth, the study identified both positive and negative impacts. Positive effects included enhanced Javanese language skills, increased cultural awareness, strengthened group identity, and cognitive shortcuts that facilitated understanding of others. Negative effects involved communication gaps, misinterpretation, discrimination, cultural barriers, and language difficulties. Overall, the study highlights that stereotypes in cross-cultural communication are a double-edged sword: while they can provide quick cognitive frameworks for understanding others, they can also impede effective communication and collaboration. These findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity, awareness, and reflective practices in multicultural student interactions to maximize learning and minimize conflicts.

This study aims to examine the influence of word of mouth on buying interest and its impact on the purchase decision of Muzan Net wi-fi services. This study uses three main variables, namely independent variables, bound variables, and intervening variables. The free variable is word of mouth, the bound variable is the purchase decision, while the intervening variable is the buying interest. The research sample consisted of 55 consumer respondents who knew and used the Muzan Net wi-fi service in Sanggrahan Village. Research data was obtained through questionnaires, observations, and interviews, with sampling techniques using the simple random sampling method. Data analysis is carried out through several stages, namely measurement or outer model, structural model or inner model, and hypothesis test. The results of the study show that word of mouth has a positive and significant effect on buying interest. Furthermore, word of mouth also has a positive but not insignificant effect directly on the purchase decision. Meanwhile, buying interest has been proven to have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. In addition, buying interest is able to mediate the relationship between word of mouth and purchase decisions, thereby strengthening the role of word of mouth in encouraging consumers to finally make a purchase decision. This research provides practical benefits for companies in maximizing word-of-mouth-based marketing strategies, as well as a reference for future research to develop similar studies with different objects, locations, and variables.

This study aims to examine and analyze how the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) impacts employee performance improvement at Chatter Lounge Restaurant, Gumaya Tower Semarang. The background of this research stems from initial observations and interviews that revealed inconsistencies in SOP implementation, particularly in aspects of grooming and staff attitudes toward guests. A qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach was employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four key informants, direct observations of operational activities, and digital documentation related to SOP practices. The data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes three main stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that SOP implementation positively contributes to enhancing employee discipline, time efficiency, and accuracy in following service procedures, leading to a more standardized service quality. Nevertheless, the implementation is not yet fully optimal as several employees lack a comprehensive understanding of SOP content. Inhibiting factors include limited advanced training opportunities, one-way briefings that restrict interactive communication, and the absence of a performance-based reward system to motivate staff. The study highlights that while SOPs serve as a crucial guideline to improve consistency and professionalism, their effectiveness depends heavily on continuous reinforcement and employee engagement. Therefore, it is recommended that the restaurant management strengthen SOP implementation through ongoing training, more participatory internal communication, and the establishment of performance-based reward mechanisms to maximize employee motivation, ensure service excellence, and ultimately enhance guest satisfaction.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of attractants on the activity of the pollinating beetle Elaeidobius kamerunicus and its impact on the efficiency of pollination and palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) production at PT Menthobi Makmur Lestari, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan. The study was conducted from May to July 2025 using a factorial randomized block design with two factors: topography (flat 0–8% and hilly 15–25%) and attractant doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 ml/ha) with three replications.The parameters observed included the frequency of E. kamerunicus visits to female flowers and the percentage of fruit set. The results showed that the topography factor, attractant dose, and their interaction significantly affected the number of E. kamerunicus visits and fruit set (p < 0.01). The combination of flat land with high attractant doses resulted in the highest visits (69.04 beetles/spike) and maximum fruit set (75.11%), while the hilly land without attractants showed the lowest results (34.60 beetles/spike; 61.22%). The application of attractants increased fruit set by more than 20% compared to the control, leading to an increase in bunch weight (BJR) of approximately 5.67 kg/bunch, additional production of about 1,151 kg FFB/ha per 1.5 months, and a potential income of Rp 3,683,200/ha, far exceeding the application cost of Rp 211,638/ha. These results indicate that the use of attractants is an effective and efficient agronomic strategy to improve palm oil productivity. Thus, attractants have proven to significantly enhance pollination efficiency and palm oil production, providing substantial economic benefits to farmers and supporting the sustainability of palm oil plantations. This approach offers an applicable and sustainable solution for agricultural practices, which can be applied to various locations with similar topographical conditions.  

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is known to contain various bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, brazilin, and gallic acid. These compounds play an important role as antioxidants that can ward off free radicals and absorb UVA and UVB radiation that are harmful to the skin. Ultraviolet radiation is known to accelerate premature aging and cause tissue damage, so a topical formulation is needed that can provide protection while maintaining skin health. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and sunscreen ability of sappan wood extract in the form of lip balm with varying extract concentrations. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) method, while the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value was determined by the Mansyur method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Sappan wood extract was formulated into four lip balm preparations, namely F0 (control without extract), F1 (5%), F2 (10%), and F3 (15%). Physical tests including homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and organoleptic were conducted to ensure the quality of the preparation. The results showed that sappanwood extract had an IC50 value of 23.62 ppm which was categorized as very strong antioxidant activity. In the lip balm formulation, the IC50 values ​​obtained were F0 = 246.76 ppm (very weak), F1 = 92.68 ppm (strong), F2 = 78.03 ppm (strong), and F3 = 63.58 ppm (strong). The SPF test showed a protection value of F0 = 2.11 (minimum), F1 = 13.64 (maximum), F2 = 14.25 (maximum), and F3 = 18.28 (ultra). Thus, lip balm made from sappanwood extract has the potential as a cosmetic preparation that not only meets physical criteria, but also provides high antioxidant activity and effective sunscreen protection.