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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that often occurs in the elderly, characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion or action. This research focuses on family nursing care for Mr. A, a DM sufferer, in Kalibuntu Village, Losari District, Brebes Regency. Based on data, the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia is very high, with Indonesia ranking third in Southeast Asia. In Brebes Regency, the prevalence of DM is also significant, requiring special attention in management. The Friedman model is used in family nursing care, which emphasizes the role of the family in supporting the patient's health management. The care process includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The assessment is carried out by collecting family data using clear and simple language. Nursing diagnoses are established based on data analysis, while nursing interventions are designed to meet the patient's specific needs. Implementation is carried out by carrying out the plans that have been prepared, followed by ongoing evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the intervention and make necessary adjustments. Management of DM in Mr. A involves five main pillars: education, meal planning, physical exercise, pharmacological interventions, and blood sugar checks. A positive attitude towards treatment plays an important role in achieving good glucose control and improving quality of life. These findings emphasize the importance of family involvement in DM care to ensure effective and sustainable management.

Gouty arthritis or gout is a joint disease caused by high levels of purines in the blood. A person is said to be suffering from gout if the uric acid level in their body exceeds the normal limit, the normal limit is 7 mg/dL for men and less than 6 mg/dL for women. Excessive uric acid can cause a buildup of purines in the joints and other body organs, causing pain and inflammation in the joints. This condition can make the joints feel painful when moved and can also cause joint abnormalities and disabilities (Efendi et al., 2022). In Central Java, the prevalence of gout sufferers is approximately 2.6 - 47.2%, which varies in various populations (Zakiudin et al., 2024). Based on data from the Kecipir Community Health Center, the prevalence of gouty arthritis at the Kecipir Community Health Center in 2023 will reach 13.67%. The percentage of residents in Kalibuntu Village who suffer from gouty arthritis in 2023 will reach 24.3% in old age (Kecipir Community Health Center, 2023).

Non -communicable disease (PTM) is one of the increasing health problems in society every year and contributes to the largest proportion of death worldwide. According to a global status report on non -communicable diseases, non -communicable diseases can occur due to lack of exercise, smoking and malnutrition, which causes increased blood pressure, increased blood sugar levels and increased blood lipids. If not prevented, this increase will get worse and lead to chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, dysplidemia, gout arthritis and obesity. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 40 million people worldwide suffer from non -communicable diseases, with the cause of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and injuries to be the main cause (Syam'ani, 2023).      

Stroke is a disease that causes nerve damage caused by bleeding or blockage in the affected part of the brain. This disease can cause disability or death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been a significant increase in deaths due to stroke since 2000, from 2 million to 8.9 million (11%) in 2019. Data from the Kecipir Health Center, stroke sufferers in Kalibuntu village were 20 people out of 2560 (0 .08%) the number of productive residents experienced a stroke. The results of the patient's assessment showed that his right hand had not been able to move since 6 years ago and his right leg also experienced weakness in movement so that it was difficult for him to walk. The nursing diagnoses raised were knowledge deficit, impaired physical mobility and ineffective family health management.    

Combustio is an injury caused by fire chemicals, electricity which can cause skin and tissue damage (Antoro, 2023). The purpose of this writing is to find out and provide nursing care to An. M with post operative debridement indicating grade II combustio in the mawar room RSUD dr. Soeselo Kabupaten Tegal in accordance with nursing standards. The methods used are descriptive methods and data collection methods. From the case review, it was foundthat the main complaint was pain. There were three diagnoses found, namely acute pain, impaired skin integrity and knowledge deficit. Interventions are prepared based on the theory of SDKI,SLKI, and SIKI as well as on the client’s condition and can be implemented.

The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ that has a dual role in regulating the level of metabolism and regulates fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The shape resembles a butterfly and is the largest gland in the human body (Jamal & Maracilu, 2023). The thyroid gland is in the front of the neck just below the larynx and sticks to the trachea. This gland has two lobes, namely the right lobe and the left lobe that is connected by Isthmus which is a small piece of tissue (Arsana, 2023). The thyroid gland produces important hormones such as T4 and T3 needed by the body for metabolic functions. The production of this hormone depends on the intake of iodine from food and salt (Dewi et al., 2023).      

Typhoid fever is an acute infection of the small intestine caused by Salmonella typhi, commonly occurring in developing countries with poor sanitation, including tropical regions such as Indonesia, where the climate supports the proliferation of this bacterium (Yustati & Dinata, 2023). The primary symptoms include high fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal disturbances. This study employs a descriptive method with a case approach to identify and address nursing issues such as hyperthermia, knowledge deficit, and risk of nutritional deficit. The aim of this writing is to provide and describe comprehensive nursing care for typhoid fever patients at RSUD Dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency, in accordance with established nursing standards, to ensure effective care and improved patient outcomes.  

Students who always experience anxiety when writing their thesis often experience emotional mental disorders which can also be shown by symptoms of depression and anxiety. This research method uses pre-experiment, with a one group pre test - post test design approach without control group, with a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling. The data processed in this study used the paired T-Test. The results of the examination carried out before the butterfly hug therapy was given showed an average level of mild anxiety at a score of 47.30 and the results of the examination after being given butterfly hug therapy showed an average level of normal anxiety (not anxious) at a score of 31.90. Based on the characteristics of the respondents, the maximum age was 22 years. Bivariate results show that there is an influence of butterfly hug therapy on the level of anxiety in preparing theses among nursing students at Awal Bros University with an average difference before and after butterfly hug therapy of 15.4 with a P-Value of 0.000 (<0.05) . It was concluded that there was an influence of butterfly hug therapy on the level of anxiety in preparing theses among nursing students at Awal Bros University. It is hoped that these students will be able to apply butterfly hug therapy to reduce anxiety when preparing their thesis.

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder known for unclear thoughts, strange behavior and unreal sensory experiences that affect a person's thinking, feeling and acting and can make it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is not. Patients with schizophrenia who experience delusions often feel angry and may be violent towards people they believe have hurt them. Uncontrolled anger in patients with schizophrenia will cause the risk of violent behavior (Auliati & Lubis, 2023; Wulandari et al., 2024).    

According to WHO in 2020, the incidence of fractures was reported, with more than 13 million cases and a prevalence rate of 2.7%. Based on medical record data from RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency, in 2023 the number of femoral neck fracture patients will be 129 people (1.34%). Femoral neck fractures usually require operative therapy rather than conservative therapy. The aim of this scientific paper is to provide nursing care to preoperative patients with femoral neck fractures at RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency. The results of the assessment showed that the patient experienced pain in the upper right thigh, traction weighing 5 kg was applied. Nursing problems in this final scientific work include acute pain, anxiety and impaired physical mobility.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder caused by the body's insulin hormone which cannot be used properly to regulate blood sugar balance, resulting in hyperglycemia (Zakiudin et al., 2023). There are two factors that can affect a person's glucose levels, the first is endogenous factors such as insulin, glucagon, and cortisol which act as receptor systems in liver and muscle cells. The second factor is the amount and type of food consumed, which is an exogenous factor. Blood glucose levels are also influenced by a person's character (gender, family history of diabetes, and age), dietary factors (high energy, high carbohydrates, high fat, high protein, and low fiber), lack of physical activity, nutritional status, hypertension and knowledge about nutrition (Viera Valencia & Garcia Giraldo, 2019).

The development of time has changed the types of diseases from infectious to non-communicable or degenerative such as asthma, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension that are influenced by lifestyle, nutrition, and physical activity. Insulin resistance or lack of pancreas triggers diabetes mellitus, causing hyperglycemia that damages the nervous system and blood vessels. International Diabetes Federation predictions show an increase in diabetes mellitus cases worldwide, including in Central Java, which ranks second only to hypertension. Diabetes mellitus can be identified through blood glucose monitoring and symptoms include hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. Risk factors for diabetes include age, genetics, obesity, inactivity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and poor nutrition. Prevention and management of diabetes can be done through family care that involves educators, counselors, and collaborators to help families manage the disease well. This study examines the nursing care of Mr. K's family. K with endocrine system disorders Diabetes Militus in Kalibuntu Village, Losari District, Brebes Regency, with the results of the patient's lack of understanding about diabetes and rarely doing exercise.

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is an increase in blood pressure, namely a condition where the systolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. Lavender aromatherapy is a non-pharmacological therapy that can calm a person. Lavender aromatherapy can increase nitric oxide which is a natural vasodilator, can dilate blood vessels and improve blood circulation so that blood flow becomes smooth and blood pressure decreases. To find out nursing care for hypertensive patients by providing lavender aromatherapy in Sukarami. This case study uses a nursing care process approach carried out on 3 respondents using a case study design. Based on the results of the implementation that has been carried out, there is a change in blood pressure results before and after being given lavender aromatherapy, namely respondent 1's blood pressure was 160/100 mmHg to 146/83 mmHg after being given lavender aromatherapy, respondent 2's blood pressure was 160/90 mmHg to 143/81 mmHg after being given lavender aromatherapy, and respondent 3's blood pressure was 140/90 mmHg to 124/86 mmHg after being given lavender aromatherapy. Of the three respondents, blood pressure decreased after being given lavender aromatherapy for 3 days, the average decrease in systolic blood pressure was 16 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 30 mmHg. It is hoped that patients with hypertension can add the application of lavender aromatherapy to non-pharmacological interventions and remain compliant with hypertension treatment and control in health services.

In old age, physiologically the body's cells can decline, resulting in decreased body function and endurance. One example is the urinary system which will affect changes or instability in the function of the urinary tract, so that the elderly will experience abnormal urination patterns. The management that can be carried out as an effort to restore the function of the urinary tract, especially the frequency of urination, is pelvic floor muscle exercise. Can analyze gerontic nursing care in the elderly to control decreased urinary tract function. This case study uses a descriptive method with a nursing process approach which was carried out on 3 patients using a one group pretest posttest research design. There was a change in the frequency of urination in the three respondents who had implemented pelvic floor muscle exercises. It is hoped that this nursing care report can become a reference in gerontic nursing care for the elderly with decreased urinary tract function.

Student comes from the word student which means someone who studies or researches, students have an average age of 19 – 21 years. Stress is a common occurrence in everyday life that cannot be avoided. Stress can be experienced by individuals from all backgrounds. In reducing stress levels there are various methods used, one of which is lavender aromatherapy combination therapy and classical music therapy. To determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy and classical music therapy combination therapy on the stress level of regular nursing students at the University of Indonesia Maju Year 2023 before and after the intervention. This study used a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Pre-Experiment design with a population of 371 students, with purpossive sampling of  20 students. The data collection technique used the Depression Anxiety Scale questionnaire (DASS 42). The results showed the age of the dominant respondents 21 years as many as 15 people (75%), the majority gender of women as many as 17 people (85%), the pre-test stress level with a mean of 21,40 and the post-test stress level with a mean of 15,70. The results of bivariate analysis with shapiro wilk pretest normality test 0.202 > 0.05 posttest 0.190 > 0.05 then the data are normally distributed and dependent t-test 0.000 < 0.05 then it can be concluded that H0 is rejected, lavender aromatherapy combination therapy and classical music therapy affect the stress level of regular nursing students at the University of Indonesia Maju. Students who experience stress can do a combination therapy application of lavender aromatherapy and classical music therapy.

The proportion of the elderly population is increasing every year, and the elderly are experiencing various changes, both in physical, mental and social aspects. The elderly are residents aged over 60 years. Elderly people often experience various psychological problems such as loneliness, isolation, helplessness, lack of self-confidence, post-power syndrome, anxiety disorders and depression. Depression is a mood disorder that can cause prolonged feelings of sadness and persistent loss of interest, characterized by prolonged sadness, mood swings, and lack of interest in activities. The tool used to measure the level of depression in this case report uses the GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) instrument. In this case report, the results of an assessment of one 66 year old client were obtained with a GDS score of 11 which indicated moderate depression. Management of depression can use pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapy. This case report refers to the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI) using progressive muscle relaxation (ROP). The ROP intervention was carried out at BPSTW Abiyoso Wisma Talkondo for seven days with three evaluations. The results obtained were that the client experienced a decrease in the level of depression with a score of 5, namely mild depression. It can be concluded that ROP is effective in reducing depression levels in the elderly.

Post-laparotomy pain is very intense pain originating in the area of the stomach that has been cut and requires treatment. This pain cannot be classified into an etiological group, because there are many conditions that cause it. Based on a preliminary study conducted at the Tangerang Regency General Hospital, there were 77 patients with a diagnosis of post laparotomy appendicitis starting from November-January 2024. Meanwhile, in the Lower Kemuning ward, it was found that during the assessment there was 1 case of a child with a diagnosis of post laparotomy appendicitis on the 8th. January 2024. The results of this study used deep breathing relaxation techniques to reduce pain in patients with post laparotomy appendicitis. The conclusion of this research is that the deep breathing relaxation technique is a non-pharmacological technique for reducing pain and can be used in patients who experience post-operative pain problems. The suggestion from this research is that intervention can be carried out by medical personnel to reduce the intensity of pain in patients after laparotomy surgery.

Gouty arthritis or often known as gout is a disease that attacks the joints, this is caused by high uric acid levels caused by genetic or hereditary factors and a lifestyle that often consumes foods that contain lots of purines. Purine substances are the core part of protein, and protein is widely obtained in offal foods, meat and beans (Uric Acid, 2023). Complementary therapy is a natural therapy including herbal therapy. Herbal therapy can utilize surrounding fruits / plants such as pineapple fruit, soursop fruit, bay leaves, and soursop leaves. This research uses a case study method with a family nursing care approach with gout. data collection instruments use family nursing care assessment formats through the nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, evaluation. Based on the results of the study after implementation in the patient, the results showed a decrease in the pain scale and an increase in the patient's sense of comfort. Non-pharmacological pain management carried out is by drinking pineapple juice and honey regularly. Evaluation results found after treatment for 3 days with reduced pain data, pain scale 1-2. The evaluation found after treatment for 3 days of ineffective family health management problems related to the family's inability to care for sick family members with family data can understand about gout and its actions.

Learning motivation can be divided into two types, namely intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the student's personality which can encourage them to take learning actions. Intrinsic motivation arises based on awareness of certain goals, not just attributes or ceremonies. The findings indicated that the level of intrinsic motivation of the nursing students at Abulyatama University was still low. The low level of motivation led to learning outcomes obtained that were not optimal.  Hence, it was shown that the better the students’ perception regarding intrinsic motivation, the higher their GPA. In other words, their GPA was significantly influenced by their perception about the importance of having intrinsic motivation. This quantitative study was conducted by using a descriptive-correlational method and a cross-sectional design. The population of this study covered 269 nursing students at Abulyatama University. Out of this population, 65 students with GPA < 2.75 were chosen as the samples.  The results of statistical tests using the chi-square tes obtained a value of p=0,032, which means there is a relationship between learning motivation and perception instudents of the nurrsing science study program at Abulyatama University.

Background: Mental disorders are conditions in which mental functions, thought processes, emotions, feelings, psychomotor and verbal behavior are disrupted which becomes a group of clinical symptoms accompanied by suffering and results in disruption of an individual's humanistic function (Ramadani et al, 2020). One type of mental disorder is schizophrenia, where the main perception disorder in schizophrenic patients is hallucinations. Hallucinations are changes or perceptions that there is unfavorable stimulation from within the individual or from outside the individual accompanied by a reduced, excessive or distorted response (Rustika, 2020). One non-pharmacological implementation strategy for patients with hallucinations is by providing music therapy (Alfionita, 2016). Method: Giving therapy to listen to dangdut music to patients for 4 days is carried out 1 day once therapy for 10-15 minutes. Results: After the intervention of giving menmusic therapy for 4 days, it was found that the patient experienced a decrease in signs and symptoms of hallucinations from initially a score of 8 to 2. Conclusion: Providing dangdut music therapy can help reduce the frequency of hallucinations. This is due to the diversion of the patient's attention from the hallucinatory sounds to the dangdut music he hears. rebuking and music to reduce the symptoms of the hallucinations he was suffering from.