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Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, including in Aceh Besar District. The success of hypertension control is strongly influenced by patients’ self-management abilities. Self-management can be affected by psychological factors such as self-efficacy, social factors such as family support, and sociodemographic factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy, family support, education, and occupation with self-management among hypertensive patients in the working area of the Ingin Jaya Community Health Center, Aceh Besar District. This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of hypertensive patients aged 15–59 years who visited or participated in the Posbindu program at the Ingin Jaya Health Center. A total of 90 respondents were selected using accidental sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that most respondents had good self-management (54.4%). Bivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between self-efficacy (p = 0.030) and family support (p = 0.000) with self-management, while education (p = 0.406) and occupation (p = 0.201) showed no significant relationship. This study concludes that self-efficacy and family support play an important role in hypertension self-management, whereas education and occupation are not significantly associated. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of nursing and public health science and serve as a basis for strengthening family-based health education and improving patients’ self-efficacy in optimizing independent hypertension management.

Adolescents affected by parental divorce face increased risks of mental health challenges, often exacerbated by custody disputes, post-separation abuse, and institutional inadequacies. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma-informed, family-based interventions and custody-related policy reforms that promote adolescent mental health, with a focus on the integration of the Islamic principle of maslahah as an ethical framework. A systematic review was conducted using three databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus) covering publications from 2000 to 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on empirical studies addressing interventions, custody policies, and mental health outcomes in adolescents aged 10–21. Findings reveal that Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) reduces behavioral issues and improves emotional regulation; Multisystemic Therapy and Wraparound Services prevent custody relinquishment and support family cohesion. Legislative reforms like the Family First Prevention Services Act have shown promise in redirecting funding toward prevention, yet face significant implementation disparities. Reports of healthcare obstruction and court-induced trauma remain critical threats to adolescent well-being. The review also found that custody loss, particularly among adolescent parents, correlates with increased substance use and long-term psychosocial instability. The integration of maslahah into legal and mental health frameworks provides a culturally grounded approach to trauma-informed reform. These findings emphasize the need for cross-sectoral collaboration, standardized trauma protocols, and culturally responsive service models. This study advances a holistic understanding of adolescent welfare in custody contexts and identifies pathways for ethical and sustainable reform.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the family environment on effective communication skills in early childhood. The family environment, as the first and foremost setting, plays a crucial role in shaping children's communication skills, both through parenting styles, verbal interactions, and the emotional atmosphere within the home. The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis techniques, which focuses on describing phenomena based on data obtained through observation and literature review. The results show that children who grow up in a communicative, supportive, and responsive family environment tend to have better communication skills, such as the ability to express opinions, listen well, and interact effectively with others. Conversely, a less harmonious family environment with minimal interaction can hinder the development of children's communication skills. Thus, it can be concluded that the family environment has a significant influence on the effective communication skills of early childhood, so the role of parents is essential in creating a positive and constructive communication atmosphere within the family.

Childhood tuberculosis remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in developing countries where malnutrition and limited diagnostic resources increase disease severity and mortality. Children are at high risk of rapid progression from latent infection to active disease due to immature immune systems. We report a case of a 1-year-old girl presenting with cough, fever, shortness of breath, and poor growth. Chest radiograph showed consolidation and infiltrates in the right paracardial area consistent with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was treated with first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, including rifampicin and pyrazinamide, along with nutritional support, resulting in significant clinical improvement and discharge on day eight. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition and management of tuberculosis in young children with risk factors such as malnutrition and incomplete immunization. Preventive strategies such as BCG vaccination, contact screening, family education, and access to tuberculosis preventive therapy are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in childhood TB.

This study systematically analyzes the effectiveness of school-based resilience programs designed for Palestinian children in the West Bank through a systematic review of 47 programs implemented over the period 2010–2023. The meta-analysis encompasses 12,847 participants aged 6–18 years from 89 schools and demonstrates a significant increase in resilience scores with a large effect size (d = 0.76, p < .001), accompanied by a substantial reduction in psychological trauma symptoms (r = -0.64, p < .001) and marked improvements in academic functioning (β = 0.58, p < .01). Programs integrating mindfulness approaches and psychosocial support exhibited the strongest effects (η² = 0.42), followed by expressive arts interventions (η² = 0.38) and play therapy (η² = 0.35), collectively underscoring the critical importance of non-conventional approaches in contexts of protracted conflict. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that a minimum program duration of 12 weeks and the level of family engagement contributed significantly to enhanced intervention effectiveness (R² = 0.67, p < .001). These findings extend the results of Qouta (2020) and Jabr et al. (2013) on child resilience in conflict zones, while offering an original contribution through the identification of specific program components most responsive to the Palestinian context. In particular, the integration of local cultural elements and the strengthening of collective identity were shown to increase program effectiveness by up to 43% compared with universal approaches, a pattern that has not been systematically documented in the previous literature.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of parent empowerment in optimizing tummy time on head control in infants aged 0–6 months at community health posts in Jatisampurna, Bekasi. Early motor development requires adequate sensory–motor stimulation, yet many parents have limited knowledge and practice of prone positioning activities. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed involving nine healthy infants selected through purposive sampling. Parents received education and practical training on tummy time and were instructed to implement a home program for two weeks with a minimum duration of 30 minutes per day. Head control was assessed before and after the intervention using the Head Control Scale across prone, supine, pull-to-sit, and supported sitting positions. The results demonstrated improvements in head control scores in all positions, with the most notable gains observed in infants who had lower baseline abilities. The findings indicate that repeated prone stimulation enhances postural control through increased neck and trunk muscle activation and improved sensory–motor integration. Parent empowerment also increased knowledge, adherence to home stimulation, and active participation in child development monitoring. This community-based intervention shows potential as a promotive and preventive strategy to support early motor development through family-centered approaches at primary health services.

This study employed a quantitative method with a correlational research design to examine the relationship between family social support and self-confidence among Generation Z individuals born between 1997 and 2012. A total of 205 respondents participated in this study. Data were collected using two Likert-scale instruments: the Family Social Support Scale (60 items; Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.980) and the Self-Confidence Scale (58 items; Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.939), both demonstrating excellent reliability. Assumption testing indicated that normality and linearity were not met; therefore, the Spearman’s Rho non-parametric correlation test was applied. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between family social support and self-confidence (r = 0.429, p < .001), indicating that higher levels of perceived family support are associated with higher levels of self-confidence among Generation Z. Most respondents reported high levels of family social support (49%) and self-confidence (65%). Additionally, two items on the family social support scale and four items on the self-confidence scale were identified as having relatively lower scores within the moderate category, suggesting potential topics for future training interventions.  

High school adolescents are in a vulnerable developmental phase towards emotional and behavioral problems due to rapid biological, cognitive, and social changes. Limitations in emotional management can trigger the emergence of problematic behavior, such as aggressiveness, violations of school rules, conflicts with peers, and bullying, both directly and through digital media. This article aims to analyze problematic behavior in high school adolescents from the perspective of emotional conditions. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review method of 20 national and international scientific articles obtained through Google Scholar and analyzed descriptively-thematically. The results of the study indicate that adolescent problematic behavior is influenced by the interaction of individual, family, school, and social environment factors that are increasingly complex. Low emotional regulation and emotional intelligence increase the tendency for maladaptive behavior, while family support, a conducive school climate, and Guidance and Counseling services act as protective factors. Therefore, a holistic and sustainable approach is needed through strengthening emotional intelligence, preventive Guidance and Counseling services, and the development of life skills to support the social-emotional development of adolescents.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly significantly impacts quality of life (QoL) due to physiological changes in aging, comorbidities,and the risk of chronic complications. Nutritional management is considered a key intervention to improve glycemic control and functional status in the elderly.Objective: To review the current evidence regarding the effect of nutritional interventions on the quality of life in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a Literature Review approach.Methods: The Literature Review was conducted by identifying articles from the Scopus database published in 2020–2025. The review process included screening based on inclusion-exclusion criteria, eligibility assessment, and narrative synthesis of relevant studies,including controlled trials,quasi-experimental studies, observational studies, and systematic observations.Results: From the selected studies, interventions with a low glycemic index diet and a balanced diet have been shown to reduce HbA1c levels and the risk of complications; a multicomponent program combining diet and exercise produces synergistic effects on glucose control, physical function,and quality of life.Structured nutrition education (DSME) and family involvement improve satisfaction and metabolic outcomes.The use of technology (mobile apps) shows potential in monitoring intake and glucose,although digital literacy challenges and limited sample size and study design are often limitations.Conclusion: Targeted nutrition interventions, especially when combined with exercise, education,family support,and age-friendly technology,have the potential to improve metabolic control and quality of life in older adults with T2DM.Recommendation: Large-scale RCTs and more robust longitudinal studies are needed to establish the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multicomponent nutrition interventions and technology adaptations for older adults with multimorbidity.

This study examines the experience of access to health services and resilience strategies in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies in Makassar, Indonesia. Access to quality reproductive health services is important for adolescents' well-being, but they often face systemic barriers that affect access to health services and outcomes. The study used an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach on seventeen adolescent girls aged 15–19 years who had an unplanned pregnancy between June–November 2023. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, recorded, verbatim transcribed, and analyzed by a six-stage science process. Two main themes were found: Navigating Closed Doors: Systematic Barriers to Care and Finding Light in Darkness: Resilience and Agency. Participants faced a variety of layered barriers, including a lack of information about health services and rights, geographical and economic constraints, age-based discrimination, parental notification obligations, fear of legal consequences especially related to abortion, family control over decisions, and limitations in adolescent-friendly services. Nonetheless, adolescents show resilience through seeking strategic help, resistance to pressure, spiritual and religious coping, peer support, gradual acceptance of maternal identity, educational sustainability, and positive meaningfulness of difficult experiences. These findings point to the need for a transformation of the health system that not only improves attitudes of health workers, but also addresses structural barriers such as confidentiality, age discrimination, and service availability, while strengthening agency and adolescent coping strategies.

The postpartum period following Sectio Caesarea is often accompanied by acute pain due to surgical incisions, which may interfere with mobilization, breastfeeding, and maternal recovery. Effective pain management is essential to prevent further complications and enhance maternal comfort. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions such as Benson relaxation therapy can be implemented. This study aimed to evaluate the application of Benson relaxation therapy in reducing acute pain among postpartum Sectio Caesarea mothers.This study employed a case study design involving four postpartum Sectio Caesarea patients (Ny. R, Ny. A, Ny. Y, and Ny. S) treated in the Ayyub Ward of RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang in 2026. Data were collected through comprehensive nursing assessments, pain intensity measurement using a numeric rating scale, observation of mobilization ability, and evaluation before and after intervention.The results showed that after regular implementation of Benson relaxation therapy, all patients experienced a gradual decrease in pain intensity (from scale 4–7 to ≤3), improved comfort, better breathing control, and increased ability to perform early mobilization. Consistent nursing education, therapeutic guidance, and family involvement supported the effectiveness of the intervention. It can be concluded that Benson relaxation therapy is an effective, safe, and easily applicable nursing intervention for reducing acute pain in postpartum Sectio Caesarea patients.

Character education faces significant challenges due to digital disruption and globalization that trigger moral degradation in adolescents. In Purwakarta Regency, the "7 Poe Atikan" policy through Regent Regulation No. 69 of 2015 was implemented as a transformative solution based on local wisdom. This study aims to analyze the implementation mechanism, the character values ​​formed, and the supporting and inhibiting factors of the "7 Poe Atikan" program for students of SMPN 1 Maniis. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive literature method. Data are sourced from official documents, educational reports, and related scientific articles over the past seven years. The analysis shows that the implementation of "7 Poe Atikan" in Maniis District effectively internalizes the values ​​of nationalism and love of culture through concrete practices such as the use of Basa Indung (mother language) and traditional clothing. However, significant challenges were found in the Betah di Imah aspect which indicates the still weak synergy between schools and parents. The implementation of "7 Poe Atikan" at SMPN 1 Maniis has successfully created an educational ecosystem that adapts to local wisdom, although strengthening collaboration with the family environment remains a priority for the sustainability of students' holistic character.

Hypertension is a significant global health problem, especially in specific groups such as pregnant women. The high incidence and potential for serious complications demand non pharmacological management efforts and innovative use of local foods. This study examines the potential of local functional foods such as Ambon bananas, banana blossoms, and bamboo shoots as alternatives for health management and product development, particularly those related to hypertension in pregnant women. The method used was a systematic literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach, which encompasses four main stages: identification, screening, feasibility assessment, and analysis of results.The study results showed that the Ambon banana diet significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Factors such as age, family support, stress levels, and fast food consumption were shown to be significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women. Furthermore, bamboo shoot consumption significantly reduced blood cholesterol levels and blood pressure. In terms of product innovation, the fish floss formulation combined with banana blossoms or bamboo shoots received positive feedback from the panelists. The fermentation process of bamboo shoots is known to produce flour with a very high crude fiber content. Therefore, this local food has significant potential as a source of additional fiber and a raw material for value-added processed products to support food security and improve public health.

The mental health crisis in Indonesia is increasingly alarming, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, social stigma, and unequal access to professional services. A clinical approach alone is not enough to address this complex problem. This study offers a novelty in the form of an integrative approach: revitalizing the role of families and communities based on Islamic values (rahmah, ta'awun, shabr, syura, tarbiyah ruhiyah) combined with the use of digital social communities as a medium for education, discussion, and support systems. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, reviewing national and international literature, social support theory (Cohen & Wills, 1985), religious coping (Koenig, 2012), and Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory (1979). The results of the study show that families play a strategic role in the prevention, assistance, and referral of mental health cases, while digital communities are effective as spaces for education and emotional validation, with scalability and anonymity as their main strengths. Concrete strategies offered include family education, stigma-free campaigns on social media, spiritual care hotlines, and cross-sector collaboration. This approach is in line with the collectivist culture of Indonesian Muslim society and is more adaptive in the digital era. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for practical programs, public policy, and further research to create a more caring, stigma-free, and resilient society in the face of mental health crises.

Measles Rubella (MR) immunization coverage in Indonesia remains below the national target of 95%, with coverage in 2024 reaching only 82.3% and showing a decline compared to the previous year. A lower coverage was observed in the working area of Pekanbaru Kota Public Health Center, where only238 out of 547 eligible children (41.3%) received MR immunization. Low immunization coverage may reduce herd immunity and increase the risk of measles and rubella outbreaks. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing MR immunization uptake among children under five in the working area of Pekanbaru Kota Public Health Center in 2025. This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design involving 40 mothers of children aged 9–60 months selected through accidental sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing maternal knowledge, attitudes, family support, support from health workers, and travel time to health facilities. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that 67.5% of respondents had provided MR immunization to their  children.  Significant associations  were  found  between  maternal knowledge (p = 0.033), maternal attitudes (p = 0.037), family support (p = 0.002), and health worker support (p = 0.015) with MR immunization uptake, while travel time to health facilities was not significantly associated (p = 0.053). In conclusion, maternal knowledge and attitudes, family support, and health worker support are significant factors influencing MR immunization uptake, highlighting the need to strengthen health education and family involvement to improve MR immunization coverage.

Online gambling has emerged as a growing public health and social concern, particularly in developing countries with rapid digitalization such as Indonesia. Increased internet accessibility, mobile device usage, and financial technology services have facilitated the widespread adoption of online gambling across diverse age groups, including adolescents. This study aims to investigate the phenomenon of online gambling and identify key determinants contributing to addictive gambling behavior. The method used is a narrative literature review, synthesizing findings from national and international studies related to online gambling, behavioral addiction, psychological mechanisms, and socio-environmental factors. The findings indicate that online gambling addiction is influenced by multiple interrelated determinants, including economic pressure, cognitive distortions such as illusion of control, low legal awareness, environmental exposure, and technological features embedded in gambling platforms. Neurobiologically, repetitive gambling behavior is reinforced by dysregulation of the brain’s reward system, particularly dopamine pathways, which strengthens compulsive engagement despite adverse consequences. Psychosocial impacts include increased risk of anxiety, depression, financial instability, social isolation, and criminal behavior. The study also highlights that adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to developmental factors and peer influence. The implications of these findings emphasize the need for comprehensive prevention strategies involving stricter legal enforcement, public education, mental health interventions, family support, and technological regulation. A multidisciplinary and public health–oriented approach is essential to reduce the prevalence of online gambling addiction and mitigate its long-term psychological, social, and economic consequences.

Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal cancers affecting women and requires long-term treatment such as chemotherapy. The chemotherapy process often causes various physical and psychological side effects that may reduce patients’ motivation to undergo treatment consistently. Family support plays an essential role in enhancing motivation, treatment adherence, and patients’ readiness to face therapy. Aims: This study aims to determine the influence of family support on the motivation of ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: This research was conducted at the Darussalam and Ma’wa Buildings of RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. The study used a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total population of 47 ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy from January to April was obtained. The sampling technique used was Total Sampling. The bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank Correlation test. Results: The analysis showed that most respondents had low levels of family support (44.7%) and moderate levels of motivation (36.2%). The Spearman test indicated a correlation value of r = 0.678 with a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a strong and significant relationship between family support and patient motivation in undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusion: There is a significant influence between family support and the motivation of ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Malnutrition and stunting among children under five remain major public health challenges in developing countries, including Indonesia. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity in adulthood. Stunting reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies, while severe malnutrition indicates acute or prolonged inadequate nutrient intake, often exacerbated by infections, poor caregiving practices, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. This case report aims to describe the clinical condition, contributing factors, management, and outcomes of a 14-month-old female toddler diagnosed with severe malnutrition and stunting without complications in Blang Dalam Geuteung Village, Nisam Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency. The assessment was conducted using a family medicine approach, incorporating detailed history taking, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and nutritional status evaluation based on World Health Organization Z-score indicators. Interventions included nutritional rehabilitation through appropriate dietary intake, family education on balanced nutrition and proper feeding practices, routine growth monitoring, and optimization of primary healthcare services. The results showed gradual improvement in the child’s nutritional status, evidenced by weight gain, better appetite, and improved feeding patterns following the intervention. This case highlights the importance of early detection, comprehensive family-centered management, and continuous monitoring in addressing malnutrition and stunting at the primary care level. Strengthening community-based interventions, improving caregiver knowledge, and enhancing collaboration between healthcare providers and families are essential to reduce the burden of malnutrition and support optimal child growth and development.

This study aims to analyze the stages, impacts, and supporting and inhibiting factors of social intervention for child victims of sexual violence at the “Handayani” Center, East Jakarta. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach to obtain an in-depth understanding of the intervention process. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the “Handayani” Center applies the Generalist Intervention Model (GIM) through seven stages: engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination, and follow-up. The social intervention has a positive impact on children, particularly in improving emotional stability, self-confidence, and social functioning. Furthermore, the intervention supports children’s readiness for social reintegration. Supporting factors include the professionalism of social workers and effective team collaboration, while inhibiting factors consist of high workload, delays in administrative reporting, and limited family support.  

Adolescence has problems, one of which is reproductive health. Factors that influence reproductive health include socioeconomic and demographic factors, cultural and environmental factors, psychological factors, and biological factors. This study aims to determine the factors related to the reproductive health of adolescents at SMPN 3 Pantai Raja, the working area of the UPT Pantai Raja Health Center (respondent characteristics, parental characteristics, adolescent knowledge, family support). This type of research is descriptive with a cross- sectional approach. The population is all seventh grade students at SMPN 3 Pantai Raja, the working area of the UPT Pantai Raja Health Center, grade VII in October 2025 with a sample of 59 people using total sampling. Data analysis uses descriptive data analysis and statistic chi square, namely explaining data about each variable. The results of the study showed that all (100%) were in the 35-49 age group, the majority (57.6%) had secondary education, the majority (59.3%) were employed, the majority (71.1%) had sufficient support, all (100%) were aged 11-14 years, almost all (81.4%) were female, and the majority (57.6%) had sufficient knowledge. The conclusion of this research is that there is a relationship between knowledge and support from parents of class VII students with a p-value of 0.001 and factors related to adolescent reproductive health influence each other to influence reproductive health during adolescence. Therefore, it is hoped that community health centers will increase knowledge and understanding, especially in providing services to adolescents, to provide more information about adolescent reproductive health.