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This article analyzes language errors in essays written by high school students and published on the Mojok.co website in the March 2025 edition. It employs a descriptive qualitative approach with purposive sampling. Five essays were selected based on topic relevance and language difficulty levels appropriate for high school students. The analysis reveals language errors in four main categories: spelling, grammar, diction, and punctuation. Spelling errors are the most frequent, involving incorrect word forms that deviate from standard Indonesian spelling conventions, such as improper capitalization and the use of numerals where they are inappropriate. Grammar errors include issues in sentence structure, particularly in the incorrect placement of subjects and predicates. Diction errors often involve the use of inaccurate or informal vocabulary, while punctuation errors are evident in the misuse or misplacement of commas and periods. These findings suggest that students’ language proficiency in essay writing still requires improvement. To enhance their skills, the following recommendations are proposed: increasing students’ understanding of spelling, grammar, diction, and punctuation based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling; providing structured and continuous writing practice; incorporating technology such as spell checkers and grammar tools; and fostering an understanding of language variations, especially the differences between spoken and written language. Improving students’ writing skills is essential, as language errors can impede effective communication and undermine a writer’s credibility. This article aims to serve as a reference for both teachers and students in recognizing common writing errors and enhancing the overall quality of student essays.

Opinion is a person's opinion or thought regarding a problem that is currently occurring in society. An opinion must pay attention to the effectiveness of the sentence so that the reader can capture its contents. Therefore, this study will focus on the effectiveness of a sentence in a collection of opinions. This study was conducted to describe the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinions as critical reading teaching materials. This type of study is qualitative with a descriptive method; the technique for collecting data is using the listening and note-taking technique. The results of this study indicate that there are still several sentences that are not effective, so that readers have difficulty capturing their contents properly. Effective sentences meet requirements such as the economy of words, commensurate structure, logical language, and careful reasoning. Meanwhile, ineffective sentences occur because the structure of the sentence does not show unity, is wasteful of words or long-winded explanations, and lacks clarity in conveying information. The benefits of this study, in practice, are that it makes it easier for readers to determine the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinions. This study took data in the form of ineffective sentences contained in a collection of opinions for statistical literacy, the November 2024 edition of critical reading teaching materials for high school students.

Opinion is a person's opinion or thought regarding a problem that is currently occurring in society. An opinion must pay attention to the effectiveness of the sentence so that the reader can capture its contents. Therefore, this study will focus on the effectiveness of a sentence in a collection of opinions. This study was conducted to describe the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinions as critical reading teaching materials. This type of study is qualitative with a descriptive method; the technique for collecting data is using the listening and note-taking technique. The results of this study indicate that there are still several sentences that are not effective, so that readers have difficulty capturing their contents properly. Effective sentences meet requirements such as the economy of words, commensurate structure, logical language, and careful reasoning. Meanwhile, ineffective sentences occur because the structure of the sentence does not show unity, is wasteful of words or long-winded explanations, and lacks clarity in conveying information. The benefits of this study, in practice, are that it makes it easier for readers to determine the effectiveness of sentences in a collection of opinions. This study took data in the form of ineffective sentences contained in a collection of opinions for statistical literacy, the November 2024 edition of critical reading teaching materials for high school students.

Hypertension is an abnormal increase in blood pressure in the arteries that persists over a period of time. Hypertension is defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mmHg. Symptoms experienced by people with hypertension include dizziness, irritability, ringing in the ears, difficulty sleeping, shortness of breath, heaviness in the neck, fatigue, and blurred vision. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of warm foot baths with salt and recitation of prayers on the blood pressure of patients with hypertension. The method used is quantitative, with a pre-experimental research design using a one-group pre-test-post-test design. Hydrotherapy is performed by soaking the feet in warm water mixed with salt and reciting prayers using 3 liters of warm water at a temperature of 38-40ºC mixed with 15 grams or 3 teaspoons of salt for 15-20 minutes. In addition to warm water foot soaking therapy, it can also be combined with incorporating elements of faith, one form of which is recitation. Sampling was conducted using non-probability sampling techniques. For the sample size in this study, the researcher used the Slovin sample size formula, which is used to calculate the minimum sample size in a finite population with a total sampling approach and 16 respondents. Conclusion: Warm foot bath therapy with salt mixture and recitation has an effect on blood pressure changes in hypertensive patients.

Cahaya Amal Soleh Foundation is a social institution that focuses on community service through various institutional programs engaged in social, education, and community empowerment. However, a number of operational staff who do not have a financial background have difficulty in understanding and managing financial reports effectively. This study aims to assist staff through the On-the-Job Learning and Development Program (OLDP) themed Finance for Non-Finance with the SIAPIK (Islamic Boarding School and Social Charity Accounting Information System) application approach. The method used is a qualitative approach with a participatory model, involving direct training, transaction recording simulations, and evaluation of participant understanding. The results of the assistance showed a significant increase in staff understanding of basic accounting principles, transaction recording, and SIAPIK-based financial reporting. These findings indicate that a practical approach through an application based on the foundation's needs can improve the financial capacity of non-accounting staff. The implications of this activity reinforce the importance of digitizing the financial system of social organizations and the need for ongoing training for human resources so that accountable and transparent financial governance can be realized sustainably. In addition, the results of this program highlight that the integration of technology and participatory training can overcome barriers in financial literacy among non-finance staff. The SIAPIK application provides an accessible interface and structured modules that are easy to understand, thereby reducing the complexity usually associated with financial management. Staff who previously felt unconfident in processing financial transactions gradually gained competence and independence in applying accounting procedures. The training also fostered collaborative learning, where participants supported each other in solving case simulations, enhancing not only technical knowledge but also teamwork and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, the foundation’s management expressed that the program positively contributed to institutional performance by ensuring more reliable and transparent financial reporting.

In the automotive manufacturing industry, efficiency in quality control is a crucial factor to ensure consistent product quality. Conventional Quality Assurance (QA) processes using manual record-keeping often face challenges such as delayed reporting, human errors, and difficulty in tracking historical data. This study aims to design and implement a QA performance dashboard based on digital forms at PT Dharma Polimetal, Tbk, to enhance efficiency in production quality control. The research methodology includes direct field observation, collection of production and QA data, mapping of QA process flows, interactive dashboard interface design, and system trial implementation. The designed dashboard focuses on four main aspects: QA Incoming, QC Line, QC Gate, and Customer Handling, each containing measurable performance indicators and quality parameters. Initial implementation results indicate significant improvements in QA process monitoring, faster reporting of inspection results, and easier real-time data access for both production teams and management. The system enables early detection of potential quality issues, supports rapid decision-making, and facilitates internal and external audits. Moreover, the use of digital forms within the dashboard enhances data accuracy, minimizes human error, and creates structured historical records for long-term analysis. This study provides a tangible contribution to the digitalization of QA systems, strengthening sustainable quality control practices in the automotive industry, thereby ensuring consistent productivity and product quality.

The community service team observed that a common issue faced by students in partner schools is difficulty focusing during lessons, largely due to distractions from gadgets, particularly social media. Many students become fixated on social media applications, ignoring ongoing lessons. This concern has prompted our partner schools to organize interactive discussions and provide information on how to use social media wisely and manage time between learning and gadget use. And the goal of our community service was to raise awareness and provide training on responsible social media use, prevent the impact of social media on adolescent brain development (brain rot), and improve students' focus and thinking skills. The methods used in this community service included: (a) analyzing the needs and problems, (b) observing and understanding the policies of the partner schools in addressing these issues, and (c) conducting activities that involved socializing responsible social media use and brain development training. The community service was conducted on Tuesday, June 17, 2025, at MA Bina Mulia, Pasir Putih Village, Sawangan District, Depok, West Java, from 08:00 to 10:00 WIB. The event consisted of a presentation on "Brain Rot in Productive Age Teenagers," followed by training aimed at enhancing focus and reasoning skills

Plastic waste continues to be one of the most pressing environmental problems due to its persistence, excessive use in daily life, and difficulty in decomposition. In many communities, including Tanjung Uban Selatan Village, unmanaged plastic waste accumulates in the environment, contributing to pollution and health risks. This community service activity aims to introduce and implement ecobricks as a simple yet effective solution to manage plastic waste. Ecobricks are not designed to destroy plastic but to recycle and repurpose it into useful and even marketable products. The process of making ecobricks requires no special expertise or significant costs, as the primary material is household plastic waste. The activity involved socialization, practical workshops, and guidance for residents on how to properly produce ecobricks. Results from the program show that residents were able to collect and process previously unmanaged plastic waste into solid, reusable building blocks. These ecobricks have potential applications for creating furniture, decorative items, and even small-scale construction, thereby providing both environmental and economic value. Beyond reducing plastic waste, the initiative also fosters community awareness about sustainable waste management practices and promotes environmental responsibility. In conclusion, the introduction of ecobricks in Tanjung Uban Selatan Village demonstrates that simple innovations can empower communities to transform environmental challenges into opportunities for sustainability and income generation.

Learning is a dynamic process involving interactions between students, educators, and learning resources in an environment designed to achieve a deep understanding of the material. One of the challenges often faced in education is learning difficulties, especially in subjects considered difficult such as Mathematics and English. Additional tutoring programs outside of class hours are a solution to help students overcome the academic difficulties they face. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a tutoring program in addressing learning difficulties in Kedondong District, with a focus on Mathematics and English. This program involves students experiencing difficulty understanding the subject matter and provides intensive guidance using an interactive approach and the use of technology-based learning media, such as multimedia and educational quizzes, which make learning more engaging. The evaluation results show a significant increase in student understanding of the material, as well as positive changes in student motivation, independence, and self-confidence. This program not only successfully improves academic understanding but also fosters a higher enthusiasm for learning in students. Despite challenges, such as limited resources and differences in student understanding levels, this program is able to create a conducive learning environment. Therefore, it is hoped that this program can be replicated in other regions to improve the quality of education in a sustainable manner, by involving various parties, such as the government, educational institutions, and the community.

Unstable financial conditions in insurance companies can serve as an early indicator of potential bankruptcy, which may have wide-ranging impacts on policyholders, shareholders, and the overall stability of the financial sector. Therefore, early detection of bankruptcy risk is critically important. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Springate model in identifying potential bankruptcy among insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022–2024 period. The Springate model was chosen due to its simplicity and its ability to provide quantitative insights into a company's financial condition. Data were collected from the annual financial statements of 16 companies selected through purposive sampling based on the completeness and consistency of their financial reporting. The model applies the S-Score calculation as the basis for classifying companies into financial distress or non-financial distress categories. The analysis revealed that six companies consistently exhibited signs of financial difficulty, with three of them identified as being in a state of financial distress for three consecutive years. Meanwhile, the other ten companies demonstrated stable and healthy financial conditions throughout the observation period. These findings indicate that the Springate model is reasonably practical as an early detection tool for bankruptcy risk, particularly in the insurance sector, which is influenced by various internal factors such as risk management, as well as external factors like economic fluctuations and government regulations. Therefore, this model can be utilized as a decision-support tool for both management and investors in making strategic financial decisions.

Discipline is a crucial aspect of education that plays a significant role in shaping students’ character and sense of responsibility. However, the manual discipline assessment process at SDIP Baitul Maal presents several issues, such as inaccurate data, limited analysis capabilities, and difficulty for teachers and parents to monitor students effectively. With the advancement of information technology, digital systems offer a potential solution to improve the efficiency and objectivity of the evaluation process. This study aims to design and develop a web-based application for assessing student discipline by implementing the K-Means Clustering method optimized with the Elbow method. The system is designed to cluster students based on numerical data such as attendance, tardiness, neatness, and rule violations, allowing for more accurate classification of discipline levels. The results show that the system successfully groups students into clusters automatically and provides informative visualizations of the outcomes. Additionally, the system facilitates real-time monitoring and evaluation by school staff and parents through a user-friendly interface. Therefore, the application of the K-Means Elbow method proves effective in supporting decision-making within the educational environment. This research is expected to contribute to the digital transformation of school management and enhance the quality of student character development.

This study aims to describe the application of the Game Based Learning (GBL) model in improving the learning outcomes of slow learner students in Mathematics in elementary schools. The background of this study is the low learning outcomes of Mathematics in students with special learning needs, especially slow learners, who often have difficulty understanding abstract concepts and are less motivated to learn. The GBL model was chosen because it can provide a fun, interactive learning atmosphere and motivate students to be more actively involved in the learning process. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is carried out in two cycles with the stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students of SDN 002 Kombeng who were identified as slow learners. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Game Based Learning model can improve the learning outcomes of slow learner students. This is indicated by an increase in the average value of learning outcomes in each cycle and an increase in student activity and motivation to learn. Thus, the Game Based Learning model can be an alternative effective learning strategy to help slow learner students understand Mathematics concepts in a fun and meaningful way.

Agreements are an important instrument in everyday life, both in the social and economic spheres. In practice, agreements are not always made in written form, but are often made orally. This phenomenon raises legal questions about whether oral agreements have valid legal force and can be used as a basis for dispute resolution. This study aims to analyze the legal status of oral agreements from the perspective of Indonesian civil law by referring to Article 1320 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), which regulates the requirements for a valid agreement. The research method used is normative juridical with an approach to relevant laws and legal doctrines. The results of the study indicate that oral agreements remain legally valid as long as they meet the four requirements for a valid agreement: agreement of the parties, capacity to enter into an agreement, the existence of a specific object, and a lawful cause. However, the main problem arising from oral agreements is the difficulty in proving them when disputes arise, given the lack of written evidence that can be used as a basis before the law. Therefore, although civil law does not require a written form for the validity of an agreement, writing an agreement is still recommended to provide legal certainty, facilitate proof, and protect the interests of the parties. This finding underscores the importance of public legal awareness in choosing a form of agreement that is safer and has stronger evidentiary force.

This study aims to analyze the communication skills of early childhood students in class B1 at TK Negeri Pembina. The background of this study stems from the importance of early affective development, particularly communication skills, which form the foundation of children's social-emotional and cognitive development. The research method used a quantitative approach with seven children (3 boys and 4 girls) as subjects through checklist instrument observation, which was then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results showed that most children (90%) had excellent communication skills, particularly in listening, storytelling, remembering, and self-expression. However, 10% of children still experienced difficulties in understanding and speaking, such as difficulty processing information, conveying ideas clearly, and asking for help when needed. These findings emphasize that children's communication skills need to be continuously developed through creative and interactive learning strategies, such as role-playing, storytelling, and providing a rich language environment. The role of teachers and parents is an important factor in facilitating children's communication development by creating positive interactions, setting a good example in language use, and creating a conducive learning atmosphere. Thus, the development of communication skills from an early age contributes greatly to children's affective, social, and academic development in a sustainable manner.

Research Method: The community and prospective parents have difficulty accessing information about TK Harapan Bunda because they often have to come directly to the school in the morning or meet the school outside of working hours. This hinders efficiency and is time-consuming for them, as well as burdening educators. Therefore, a modern solution is needed such as an official website or digital platform to facilitate access to information quickly and practically. Research Results: The purpose of implementing the system is to evaluate whether the developed system has met expectations. Through testing and implementation, the quality of the system can be assessed. Conclusion: Based on the research and implementation of the TK Harapan Bunda web-based Information System, it can be concluded that: a) The web-based information system provides easier and faster access for the community and prospective parents to obtain information about the school. b) The professionally designed website has succeeded in improving the image of TK Harapan Bunda with an attractive appearance and informative content, which promotes the school's excellent programs and achievements, thereby increasing the interest of prospective students and parental trust. c) The use of modern technology in the development of this system shows that TK Harapan Bunda is able to adapt to increasingly rapid digital developments.

Auditory hallucinations are one of the main symptoms experienced by patients with schizophrenia. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as spiritual therapy, serve as important alternatives to support treatment. One increasingly used method is the recitation of Qur’anic verses (murottal therapy), which provides psychological and spiritual calming effects.  To determine the impact of murottal audio therapy of Surah Ar-Rahman on the intensity of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia at Gramesia Nursing Home, Cirebon.  This scientific paper is presented in the form of a nursing care report focusing on the application of murottal audio therapy using Surah Ar-Rahman as an intervention.  Before the therapy, the patient experienced moderate auditory hallucinations, accompanied by intense emotional reactions and difficulty controlling behavior. After undergoing murottal audio therapy, there was a decrease in hallucination intensity and improvement in the patient’s emotional condition. Murottal audio therapy of Surah Ar-Rahman is effective as a non-pharmacological approach to reduce auditory hallucinations and support psychological recovery in patients with schizophrenia. Following the intervention, patients reported a significant decrease in the intensity of their hallucinations. Emotional reactions were notably less intense, and patients displayed improved emotional regulation and greater behavioral control. The results suggest that murottal audio therapy using Surah Ar-Rahman is an effective non-pharmacological intervention that not only reduces the intensity of auditory hallucinations but also plays a supportive role in the psychological recovery of patients with schizophrenia. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating spiritual therapies into comprehensive treatment plans, as they offer a holistic approach to managing schizophrenia. This intervention can complement traditional pharmacological treatments, providing patients with a sense of spiritual calm and emotional stability, which can enhance their overall mental health and well-being.

Lake Maninjau specialty food souvenir shop is one of the micro businesses that sells a variety of traditional regional food products. So far, the marketing process and transaction management are still done manually, which causes limited market reach, difficulty in recording sales, and lack of effectiveness in product promotion. This research aims to design a web-based marketing information system to support the sales process, promotion, and data management in a more efficient and integrated manner. The system development method uses the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach of the waterfall model, which includes the planning, needs analysis, system design, implementation, and testing stages. Data collection was conducted through field observations, interviews with business owners, questionnaires to customers, and literature studies related to information systems and digital marketing strategies. The designed information system includes various main features such as product data management, sales transaction recording, automatic sales report generation, social media integration, and product promotion pages. In the marketing aspect, this system allows businesses to display product catalogs online, provide real-time promotional information, and establish direct interaction with customers through contact and ordering features. In addition, the use of this system allows stores to reach a wider market, including potential customers from outside the Lake Maninjau area, through an integrated digital marketing strategy. The implementation results show that this web-based system can increase the effectiveness of product promotion, speed up the transaction process, and improve the quality of customer service. With this system, souvenir shops can compete more competitively in the digital era, as well as strengthen brand image and customer loyalty through more structured and sustainable marketing.

Sleep is a vital state of rest for humans to maintain a healthy body. After a day of activity, the body requires adequate sleep to recover and regain energy. One common sleep disorder is insomnia, characterized by difficulty sleeping both in terms of quality and quantity. Insomnia has traditionally been treated with sedatives, drugs that reduce anxiety and provide a calming effect with little or no impairment to motor and mental function. However, long-term use of chemical drugs can cause side effects, necessitating alternatives, one of which is the use of traditional medicine. Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is known to possess antioxidant, antimutagenic, astringent (tightening), and intoxicating properties that have long been used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted experimentally in a laboratory to determine the sedative-hypnotic effects of areca nut ethanol extract. The observed parameter was survival time on the rotarod, and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA for homogeneity testing and Shapiro-Wilk for normality testing. If the data were not homogeneous or normal (p < 0.05), the analysis was continued with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that administration of areca nut ethanol suspension as a positive control with varying doses did not produce significant differences, meaning that all three doses had the same sedative-hypnotic effect. In the treatment groups with areca nut ethanol extract doses of 0.52 mg/kgBW and 0.78 mg/kgBW, significant differences were observed compared to the negative control, indicating a clear sedative-hypnotic effect. Therefore, it can be concluded that areca nut (Areca catechu L.) ethanol extract at doses of 0.52 mg/kgBW and 0.78 mg/kgBW has the potential to provide sedative-hypnotic effects and can therefore be used as an alternative treatment for sleep disorders.

This study is motivated by the difficulty students face in understanding the concept of food chains, which is attributed to the conventional teaching methods still in use. Therefore, the researcher believes that the application of a new teaching model is expected to enhance student engagement in the teaching and learning process, ultimately improving learning outcomes. Natural Science is often considered difficult because of its many theories and the lack of variation in teaching methods, leading to poor student performance. Given these issues, an innovative teaching model is necessary. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students' knowledge in the Natural Science subject. The research method used is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental design. The study population consists of 50 fifth-grade students, with 25 students in the experimental group and 25 students in the control group. The hypothesis tested is that there is an effect of the Problem-Based Learning model on Natural Science learning outcomes. The results of the study show that the Problem-Based Learning model has a significant effect on students' knowledge. This is evidenced by the t-test results, which show a t-value of 12.400, greater than the t-table value of 2.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model positively affects the understanding of food chain concepts in fifth-grade students. The findings of this study are expected to be beneficial for teachers in improving the quality of their teaching, for students to better understand the material through more engaging methods, and for the school environment in developing innovative and effective teaching practices.

PT. Soemo Adjie Persada is a company engaged in housing development and is dealing with serious problems in warehouse material management. The manual and unstructured material recording system causes various obstacles, such as data discrepancies, input errors, and stockouts that hamper the smooth running of the project. This study aims to analyze and implement the Kanban system as a more efficient and accurate material management solution. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observations, and documentation methods. The findings show that the Kanban system, which is based on the principle of workflow visualization and a pull system mechanism, can improve the efficiency of recording and distributing materials between project units. The implementation of Kanban helps reduce data input errors, prevent material loss, and accelerate the decision-making process in the warehouse. Although challenges such as damaged Kanban cards and difficulty adapting among users were encountered in the initial implementation stage, these obstacles can be overcome through proper training and regular evaluation of the system. Thus, the implementation of the Kanban system has proven to be an effective strategy in improving the efficiency of material management in construction projects. This system not only streamlines warehouse operations but also improves control over material availability, thereby supporting the smooth running of the overall construction process. PT. Soemo Adjie Persada is a company engaged in housing development and is dealing with serious problems in warehouse material management. The manual and unstructured material recording system causes various obstacles, such as data discrepancies, input errors, and stockouts that hinder project progress. This study aims to analyze and implement the Kanban system as a more efficient and accurate material management solution. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through interviews, observation, and documentation.