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Making this soap aims to provide an explanation for making solid soap made from lemon essential oil as an effort to improve community skills and can be applied by the community in the future as a business. Soap making is done by heating coconut oil at a temperature of 800C. Mix 30% NaOH with heated oil until it becomes homogeneous, stirring continuously until the saponification process is perfect. Add the stearic acid which has been dissolved in the alcohol and stir until smooth, add the white sugar and stir again, add the glycerin while stirring, add the foam booster while continuing to stir until the mixture becomes homogeneous. Add coloring and fragrance, namely lemon oil, which is carried out at 400C. Pour the mixture into the mold and let it sit for 15-30 minutes. The soap has hardened and can be removed from the mold. The tests performed were preference, allergy, aroma, color, froth and density tests. The result shows that solid soap has been successfully made, but still requires some further refinement regarding the density and transparency of the soap. With the procedures for making soap and the analytical test that the author described above, new knowledge and skills can be used for the community as well as solid soap business opportunities

Anxiety is the most common feeling experienced by pediatric patients who experience hospitalization, anxiety that is often felt by children such as crying, fear of the environment and new people. The number of stressors experienced by children when undergoing hospitalization can have a negative impact on the child's development. This aim is to determine the effect of coloring play therapy on the anxiety level of preschool-aged children who experience hospitalization at the Banda Aceh Mother and Child Hospital. This study used a quantitative research design with a sample size approach of 5 respondents. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data collection instruments were carried out before and after carrying out coloring play therapy using observation sheets with a percentage calculation assessment scale. The results showed that before being given coloring play therapy, there were 2 respondents who experienced moderate anxiety (40%) and 3 child respondents who experienced severe anxiety (60%). And after being given coloring play therapy there were 4 child respondents who experienced mild anxiety (80%) and 1 person who was in the moderate category (20%). It is suggested that the results of this study can be used as a reference for coloring play therapy in preschool-age child patients who experience hospitalization anxiety in the children's room at the Banda Aceh mother and child hospital in 2021.

The purpose of this study aims to find out the improvement with the application of coloring activities based on Papuan local wisdom for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research is a classroom action research and was carried out for 2 cycles. Each cycle consisted of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were group B children of TK Melati Sanggar Merauke Learning Activities for the 2022-2023 school year, a total of 12 children consisting of of 6 boys and 6 girls. Data collection techniques used observation and documentation. The instruments used were observation sheets of children's creativity abilities and observation sheets of student and teacher activities. Data analysis used descriptive statistical data analysis. The results showed that through coloring activities based on Papuan local wisdom it could improve children's creative abilities. This could be shown from the success of learning in the minimal category of developing according to expectations or three stars increasing from 16.67% in pre-cycle to 83.33% in cycle I and 83 .33% in cycle II. In addition, there was also an increase in student activity with an active category of 50% in cycle I, an increase of 83.33% in cycle II, and teacher activity in the learning process increased with a good category of 85.71% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II. So it can be concluded that coloring activities based on Papuan local wisdom can improve creativity abilities in children aged 5-6 years at Melati Kindergarten, Merauke Learning Activity Center.

This study aims to describe coloring extracurricular activities in developing the creativity of grade I Min 2 students in Palangka Raya City. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative data collection tool in the form of interviews. The results obtained in this study were that the coloring extracurricular activities which were attended by grade I students and carried out every Saturday at MIN 2 Palangka Raya City were quite effective in increasing creativity and also training students' imaginations.

This study aims to compile a Lecture Schedule at the Mathematics Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics Natural and Earth Sciences Manado State University using the Welch-Powell Algorithm. The scheduling of lectures at the Mathematics Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Manado State University often collides because several lecturers have different numbers of courses and credit rights. This it can be seen that the method of preparing lectures used is still not effective and efficient. Preparation of a course schedule is an action taken so that time can be managed as effectively and efficiently as possible. The preparation of this lecture schedule will use a simple graph with input data, namely the number of lecturers, number of courses, credits for each course, days used in the week, time slots and number of classes used. After getting the input data, point coloring is carried out in coloring on the graph using the Welch-Powell Algorithm assisted by MATLAB software to get an effective and efficient class schedule. Lecture Schedule Arrangement in the Mathematics Education Study Program, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural and Earth Sciences, Manado State University using the Welch-Powell Algorithm produces a schedule that does not collide, so that the Welch-Powell Algorithm can help prepare an effective and efficient class schedule .

Background :Hospitalization is a critical condition in children, when the child is sick and is being treated in the hospital. Hospitalization can be considered as a threatening experience and becomes a stressor so that it can cause a crisis for children and families. In an effort to reduce the impact of children from hospitalization experienced by children during child care, we need a medium that can express anxiety, one of which is coloring picture therapy. Data from the Children's Room at Adjidarmo Rangkasbitung hospital found that children who were hospitalized from January to June 2022 had 979 cases of hospitalized children or an average of 163 cases per month. Writing purpose :the effect of giving play therapy coloring pictures on reducing stress due to the impact of hospitalization in pre-school-aged children at Adjidarmo Rangkasbitung Public Hospital, Banten Research methods :This study used a pre-experimental denham design with one group pretest-posttest design. One-group pre-post test design to obtain stress level data before and after the intervention. The number of samples in this study were 32 pre-school children who fit the inclusion criteria. The instrument used for data collection used a questionnaire and then the data were analyzed using the paired t test. Research result :the average stress on children due to hospitalization before the intervention was given was 21.09 pont or included in the moderate category and after the intervention became 13.13 or included in the moderate. There is an effect of giving play therapy coloring pictures to reduce stress due to hospitalization in pre-school-aged children at Adjidarmo Rangkasbitung Hospital, Banten with a p value of 0.000. Conclusions and recommendations:Image coloring play therapy can be effective in reducing stress in children due to hospitalization, therefore health workers can apply image coloring play interventions to children who are hospitalized

Based on the experimental study about corncob conducted before, this village has managed to create a new breakthrough production of processed foods such as corn chips since 2003. The foods that use raw materials of corn is the only one in Probolinggo. Corn chips production as small industries is run by 7 women farmers starting in 2008. (Wahmuda, 2013). The problem of this industrial activity is unbalancing the marketing area with market demand that obstruct continues to increase. This causes decrease on the productivity of the industry. In addition corncob waste left over from a small industrial activities corn chips squashed every day as much as 60 kg. This would be a major obstacle when marketing targets to reach market demand. As a result of waste corn cobs will be more numerous and uncontrolled, even less the corn cob waste is only used as cooking fuel. This research includes experiments on corn cobs process is divided into several stages, namely the process of forming, heating, curing, mixing and merging material, as well as coloring. From the research-based experiments, it turns out corn cobs to have a variety of characteristics. The uniqueness and characteristics process of corncobs, can give some variant forms such as cubes, cylinders, triangles, and a chopped form. Of these forms can be created several patterns of merger between a very interesting form to be used as a hanging lamp shade products. In the manufacture of a hanging lampshade required supporting materials such as iron chandelier hook pipe diameter of 16 mm and an iron plate with a thickness of 3 mm. Innovation alternative these products will continue at the stage of the development process of product design by using corn cobs as raw material products with the hope to utilize more leverage on how to process forms such a way into a useful product in terms of people's needs, aesthetic value and become friendly products environment.

Based on the experimental study about corncob conducted before, this village has managed to create a new breakthrough production of processed foods such as corn chips since 2003. The foods that use raw materials of corn is the only one in Probolinggo. Corn chips production as small industries is run by 7 women farmers starting in 2008. (Wahmuda, 2013). The problem of this industrial activity is unbalancing the marketing area with market demand that obstruct continues to increase. This causes decrease on the productivity of the industry. In addition corncob waste left over from a small industrial activities corn chips squashed every day as much as 60 kg. This would be a major obstacle when marketing targets to reach market demand. As a result of waste corn cobs will be more numerous and uncontrolled, even less the corn cob waste is only used as cooking fuel. This research includes experiments on corn cobs process is divided into several stages, namely the process of forming, heating, curing, mixing and merging material, as well as coloring. From the research-based experiments, it turns out corn cobs to have a variety of characteristics. The uniqueness and characteristics process of corncobs, can give some variant forms such as cubes, cylinders, triangles, and a chopped form. Of these forms can be created several patterns of merger between a very interesting form to be used as a hanging lamp shade products. In the manufacture of a hanging lampshade required supporting materials such as iron chandelier hook pipe diameter of 16 mm and an iron plate with a thickness of 3 mm. Innovation alternative these products will continue at the stage of the development process of product design by using corn cobs as raw material products with the hope to utilize more leverage on how to process forms such a way into a useful product in terms of people's needs, aesthetic value and become friendly products environment.    

Dalam pengelohan makanan untuk Teknologi Pangan perlu dan dibutuhkan pewarna alami karena pewarna sintesis sangat berbahaya bagi tubuh kita, maka paling tepat dalam penggunaan pewarna adalah pewarna alami. Makanan yang kita lihat dan kita sering beli dipasaran tradisional dan mall-mall adalah membutuhkan zat pewarna,  tanpa pewarna maka segala jenis makanan maupun minuman tidak akan punya daya tarik bagi konsumen, karena dengan pewarna maka produk akan manaikkan harga jual disamping eksotik dan daya tarik dari makanan tersebut. Buah Naga dari warna kulit kemerahan yang menarik  dan jarang di manfaatkan, biasanya banyak yang dimanfaatkan adalah isi dari buah naga tersebut, sehingga kulitnya menjagadi limbah yang tentu mengganngu lingkungan dan pandangan kita. Lingkungan saat ini banyak sekali kendala yang di hadapi, salah satunya adalah sampah yang menumpuk dan berkepanjangan,  masalah itu menjadi delema dalam kehidupan masyarakat, maupun pemerintah dalam pengelolaannya. Karena dengan jumlah penduduk yang selalu berkembang  maka sampah juga akan semakin banyak dan secara otomatis membutuhkan penangan yang baik pula. Dengan adanya beban lingkungan  yang semakin kedepan semakin rumit ditanggulangi, dan setiap saat semakin menumpuk, maka penulis mengangkat salah satu limbah lingkungan yaitu limbah kulit buah naga, untuk di manfaatkan menjadi zat pewarna  alami makanan. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan menggunakan kulit buahn naga (hylocereus Undatus)yang berwarna merah merona, dengan metode ekstraksi dan hasil ekstraksi di uji laboratorium, dengan pengujian pH, uji sinar, stabilitas zat warna antosianin kulit buah naga. Hasil uji yang diperoleh adalah : pH 6 dan tingkat absorbennya  0.5445, sedangkan uji sinar UV pada hari ke6 menghasilkan 1.5566 nm (nanometer). Jadi kesimpulannya adalah pengguanaan zat warna alami dari limbah kulit buah naga bagus digunakan untuk pewarna alami makanan.  

Teak is a plant that produces attractive red and brown colors besides that it has many useful ingredients, so it is used as a natural dye. Researchers use teak leaves as a coloring agent in bodypainting. The purpose of this research is to create the use of teal leaves as a brown coloring agent in bodypaiting paint. The method used is the observation method, the library method, tehe experimental method, the documentation method, and the questionnaire method. Based on the feasibility test of the bodypainting product, it was found that the average score on the resulting color assessment inicator was 8,6 including the fairly decent category. On the texture assessment indicator, which is 8 and is included in the fairly decent category. On the aroma assessment indicator that is 7,3. And included in the category less feasible. Meanwhile, based on the results of the public test, it was found that te average score on the resulting color sharpness assessment indicator was 4, which was included in the proper category. In the humidity assessent indicator 4,2 is included in the very feasible category. In the indicator of coloring resistance assessment, with an average of 3 it is included in the category of quite decent enough. In the assessment inicator og the ease of removing bodypainting, which wa found with a score of 4,8 it was included in the very feasible category. The conclusion of this study is that the dye in teak leaves can be used as a natural dye in the manufacture of bodypainting. The best suggestion in this research is to add the aroma of bodypainting with essential oil in oerder to produce a fragrant aroma and for the packaging it must have a high appeal to the public. Further research is needed to determine the expiration date and color resistance of beetroot dyes.

Hair dye is a cosmetic used in hair cosmetology that serves to restore the original color of the hair, cover gray hair, or create other colors. The purpose of this study is to develop hair dye based on henna powder and coffee powder as a natural coloring. The methods used in this study are observation methods, literature, experiment, documentation, questionnaires, and R&D. The results of research for hair dye product that have been added henna powder and coffee powder with the right dose indicate that, the composition of these two ingredients can be used as an ingredient in the manufacture of hair dye for gray hair. The color produced from henna powder and coffee powder is black, with a cream texture and rather coarse particles. The distinctive aroma of coffee is produced from coffee powder which is one of the natural ingredients in coloring and aroma. The author's suggestion for this study is the need for a lab test to determine the expiry time on hair dye products made from henna powder and coffee powder, and a way to improve the texture of the product to be smoother again so that it is easier to apply it to the hair.

The times have demanded new innovations, including in the fields of culture and art. In accordance with this research, the process of making batik with motif inspiration from the form of the Covid-19 virus with natural dyes from dragon fruit skin and spinach is expected to be a new innovation in the art of batik. This study aims to determine how the process of making the covid-19 virus motif batik with natural dyes that have been determined. The method used in this research is the R&D method or in Indonesian it is called the research and development method. This experiment was carried out starting from December 1, 2020 at the AKS Ibu Kartini Batik laboratory, Semarang, which is located at Jl. Kawi  No. 40 Kos Mas Gilang, Semarang city. In the experiment, the skin of dragon fruit was used as much as 500 gr and 300 ml of water, while spinach was 800 gr and 700 ml of water but the total for the dragon fruit was 7 kg and 4 liters of water & 2 kg of parrot with 1 liter of water, and the first and second immersion was carried out through several locks. The result of this research indicate that the design motifs designed are very suitable for tall thin people, the pink color produced from the dragon fruit skin and the brownish green color of the spinach are very suitable for prismatic cloth. While the locking which is suitable for the coloring of dragon fruit peel is locking alum and the dye from spinach is suitable for locking the gazebo.

Telang flower is generally used as food coloring amd traditional medicine. The contents of telang flower has many benefits for humans. Also, it is hoped that the use of telang flower in the manufacture of lip balm will be a new innovation in cosmetic products. The aim of this research is to create a lip balm based on telang flower which functions to moisturize the lips. This research uses literature, ekasperiment, documentation, observation, and public teasting methods. This experiment resulted in two products with different compositions. In addition, that the two products have been tested publicly on 20 panelists ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. From 20 panelists who have tried 2 lip balm products. It was found that most pf them preferred products with a composition of 8 grams of teang flower extract, 50 grams of coconut oil, 30 grams of olive oil, 300 grams of beeswax, and 15 grams of ethanol. This can be seen from the public test average calculation score oh the favorite indicator, namely 2,5. Basade on the statemensts above, it can be concluded that the opporatunity to be developed as a new innovation in the world of cosmetics.

Coloring materials for fabric painting can be produced from natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Natural and synthetic dyes have their respective advantages and disadvantages. The combination of the two colors will give the impression of a brighter color, and slightly reduce environmental pollution. The objectives of this research are: 1) Knowing the processing of synthetic and natural dyes for fabric painting; 2) Knowing the results of applying synthetic and natural dyes to fabric painting. The method used in this research is the research and development approach model Research and Development (R&D) and data analysis. Trials in this study were carried out with dye using 4 types of cloth with the help of a validator as an assessor of the coloring results. The results of this study indicate that synthetic dyes are lighter than natural dyes. Meanwhile, the colors produced from natural dyes tend to be darker. In painting this cloth, the writer needs a combination of dark and light colors. Therefore, the use of synthetic and natural dyes requires mixing of colors. The fading test conducted by the author for the color absorption of diamond crape on the fabric is very good. Thus it can be concluded that the use of natural and synthetic dyes can be applied to fabric painting by conducting trials first to get the right color.

Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffal L.) contains anthocyanins which can be used as natural dyes and at the same time as an antioxidant that functions as an antidote to free radicals. The aim of this research was to formulate and test the physical characteristics of the blush on cream preparation from the essence of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as a natural dye. This type of research is an experiment in the laboratory. The extract of Rosella calis flower is crushed and the filtrate is taken by extracting it. The extract is made into blush on cream preparations with a concentration of 20%, 40% and 60%. The organoleptic test results of blush on cream on the control were soft textured, white, smelled like cream, soft-textured F1, ivory white, Rosella flower-like smell, soft-textured F2, light cream colored, Roselle flower-like smell, and F3 small granular texture pink color, distinctive smell of Rosella flower, homogeneity test on homogeneous control, homogeneous F1, homogeneous F2, and not homogeneous F3, control pH test values: 6, F1: 6, F2: 6, F3: 4, control spreadability test: 6 , 3 cm, F1: 5.7 cm, F2: 5 cm, F3: 4.5 cm, control adhesion test: 4.42 seconds, F1: 4.21 seconds, F2: 4.19 seconds, F3: 4.12 seconds and emulsion type test on control: M / A, F1: M / A, F2 M / A, F3: M / A. The formulation and physical characteristics test of blush cream from the extract of Rosella flower petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) cannot be formulated as a blush cream preparation and does not have good characteristics, one of which is the exposure to light and heating during the formulation.