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Urban sustainability presents considerable challenges, especially in the management of energy and wastewater treatment systems. Rapid urbanization intensifies the demand for water and energy, leading to increased pressure on existing infrastructure and resources. Wastewater management is essential for urban water sustainability, as untreated wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks. Moreover, wastewater treatment processes are energy-intensive, complicating the balance between environmental goals and energy consumption. To address these challenges, integrating decentralized renewable energy systems, such as solar, biogas, and wind, with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) offers a promising solution. This integration can reduce reliance on centralized power grids, enhance energy self-sufficiency, and promote sustainability. The application of Circular Economy principles, which emphasize resource recovery and system decentralization, is key to this integration. However, technological, economic, and regulatory barriers exist, limiting widespread adoption. This study explores the feasibility of coupling renewable energy with WWTPs, focusing on energy flow simulations, environmental impacts, and economic evaluations. The results indicate that integrating renewable energy can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower operational costs, and improve the resilience of urban water systems, making it a viable option for sustainable urban development.

Environmental problems are becoming an increasingly urgent global issue to be addressed. One of the problems faced is the uncontrolled increase in waste volume, especially in urban areas and large institutions. Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, as one of the higher education institutions, has the responsibility to participate in environmental conservation efforts. Waste bank is a program that aims to reduce the volume of waste by collecting, sorting, and recycling waste that can be resold or processed into useful products. There are several benefits of waste banks including, in terms of the environment, reducing the volume of waste disposed of in landfills, reducing pollution, and encouraging recycling. In terms of economy, it can provide economic value from waste, create jobs, and support the circular economy. The various roles of the Waste Bank at the University are as a means of education and environmental awareness that serves as an educational tool for students and staff about the importance of sustainable waste management. The Waste Bank also provides opportunities for students and staff to be actively involved in waste management programs. It not only improves practical skills in waste management but also fosters a sense of social and environmental responsibility. The Waste Bank addresses waste issues that benefit the environment and the economy of the community.

Digitalization triggered the development of information and communication technology, giving birth to social media, supported by the internet, as the main gateway for information dissemination. Instagram, as one of the most popular social media platforms, is used by various government agencies to disseminate information effectively. This study aims to determine the utilization of social media in the management of Instagram @humas_jabar, used by the Communication and Informatics Office of West Java Province as a source of information for the people of West Java. This research was conducted using the descriptive qualitative method through observation during job training, interviews with the public relations staff of Diskominfo Prov Jabar, and analysis using the circular model of SoMe. The results of this study indicate that Diskominfo of West Java Province utilizes Instagram @humas_jabar as a public communication tool to disseminate information, innovations, and achievements of its programs. In managing Instagram, @humas_jabar has carried out four stages: share, manage, engage, and optimize.

Digitalization triggered the development of information and communication technology, giving birth to social media, supported by the internet, as the main gateway for information dissemination. Instagram, as one of the most popular social media platforms, is used by various government agencies to disseminate information effectively. This study aims to determine the utilization of social media in the management of Instagram @humas_jabar, used by the Communication and Informatics Office of West Java Province as a source of information for the people of West Java. This research was conducted using the descriptive qualitative method through observation during job training, interviews with the public relations staff of Diskominfo Prov Jabar, and analysis using the circular model of SoMe. The results of this study indicate that Diskominfo of West Java Province utilizes Instagram @humas_jabar as a public communication tool to disseminate information, innovations, and achievements of its programs. In managing Instagram, @humas_jabar has carried out four stages: share, manage, engage, and optimize.

That the purpose of this research is to find out about the concept of criminology in the circulation of non-tax cigarettes in Non-Free Trade Areas (outside the Area) as well as to know how the role of the government in minimizing the problem. That this article uses the method of juridic research normative and makes an approach to the law. The sources of data used for this research to be valid are laws, books, journal articles, as well as web pages with similar topics in this article about non-tax cigarettes. The results of this study can be concluded that the criminology of non-tax cigarette trafficking perpetrators is divided into three main parts: criminal biology, which is the reason for the perpetrator, criminal sociology that is the background of circularity that can be the driving force of the non-tariff cigarette traffic and criminal policy that is an action that gives the effect that no other perpetrates follow the traffic and the role of the government in minimizing the circulation of cigarettes is by carrying out both direct and indirect surveillance. In addition, the government can also socialize to the public about tax obligations.

The process of returning a motorized vehicle as evidence in a criminal case at the Batam District Prosecutor's Office. This research aims to describe and analyze the process of returning motorized vehicles, starting from confiscation, storage, to returning them to their legal owners. The research method used is the normative legal method with secondary data, including primary legal materials (legislation), secondary legal materials (books and journals regarding the return of evidence), and tertiary legal materials (articles and internet news) and through interviews with officers. Batam District Prosecutor's Office. The research results show that the process for returning motorized vehicles at the Batam District Prosecutor's Office has been clearly regulated in statutory regulations and the Attorney General's Circular Letter. This process generally runs smoothly and orderly. However, in some cases, there are obstacles encountered in the process of returning motorized vehicles, such as a lack of complete vehicle documents, as well as a lack of complete data such as the vehicle owner's cellphone number which can no longer be contacted. The Batam District Prosecutor's Office has made efforts to overcome these obstacles.

The validity of voting results depends on various factors, one of which is the completeness and validity of the ballot paper, which is one of the important elements in elections that voters use to mark their choices. Based on the circular letter of the Tanjungpinang City General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) Number: 136/PM.00.02/K.KR-06/02/2024 there were 2 TPS taking place at TPS 006 and TPS 015 there were 115 x 5 ballot papers that were not signed by KPPS so that the ballot box is open during voting, raising questions regarding its validity and the potential for fraud in the voting process. This research aims to analyze the consequences of not signing the ballot paper and its impact on the validity of the voting results, as well as the conditions for re-voting. The research method that researchers use is normative juridical, namely based on basic legal materials. This research was conducted by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and laws and regulations that are relevant to this research topic. The research results show that there are several factors that cause ballot papers not to be signed, including KPPS negligence, lack of socialization, and misinterpretation of regulations. Thus, re-voting is a step that can be taken to ensure the validity and legitimacy of voting results by considering various factors, including the number of unsigned ballot papers, the potential for fraud, and the impact on democratic stability.  

The problem of plastic waste in Indonesia is increasingly urgent as plastic consumption increases and sustainable management is lacking. This research aims to explore the potential of utilising plastic bottle waste as a creative and environmentally friendly product in the form of "ReBloom" pencil case. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach, which collects data from respondents aged 18-25 years old in Surabaya to measure perceptions and interest in recycled products. The study results show that the majority of respondents are interested in environmentally friendly products at an affordable price. The business feasibility analysis revealed that ReBloom has a positive economic outlook with a break-even point that can be achieved within a certain production quantity. Besides contributing to the reduction of plastic waste, the product also raises public awareness of the importance of recycling and circular economy. Digital marketing strategies and collaboration with communities are proposed to increase market acceptance. This research confirms that sustainability-based innovation can be a promising business opportunity while contributing to environmental preservation.

 Agricultural waste is often underutilized, despite its significant potential as a raw material for environmentally friendly products. This study aims to develop bioplastics from corn waste by utilizing locally sourced enzymatic technology as the main catalyst in the biomass conversion process. Corn waste in the form of cobs and post-shelling residues was first prepared through drying, grinding, and mild chemical pretreatment to loosen the lignocellulosic structure. Subsequently, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using local enzymes derived from indigenous microorganisms, which decomposed cellulose and hemicellulose into monomeric sugars. The hydrolyzed sugars were then fermented into natural polymers, molded using the solution casting method, and dried to form bioplastic sheets. The results revealed that the produced bioplastics possessed mechanical properties comparable to commercial PLA, with tensile strength of 45–50 MPa, an elastic modulus of 2.5 GPa, and elongation at break of 5–7. Biodegradability testing showed that the material degraded up to ±85 within 90 days, exceeding the minimum threshold of 80% considered satisfactory. These findings confirm that corn waste can be transformed into competitive and eco-friendly bioplastics, while also highlighting the potential of locally based enzymatic technology for industrial-scale applications. The implications of this research extend not only to reducing waste and plastic pollution but also to strengthening the circular economy through the utilization of renewable agricultural resources.

This study focuses on optimizing electric vehicle (EV) battery recycling through the use of green chemical processes and circular economy principles. The research aims to enhance the recovery of valuable metals lithium, cobalt, and nickel from used lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in an environmentally sustainable manner. Green solvents were employed as a safer alternative to conventional, toxic chemicals, minimizing hazardous waste emissions and improving the efficiency of the recycling process. Experimental results showed that the green solvent-based process achieved high recovery rates of 90% for cobalt, 87% for nickel, and 85% for lithium, with metal purity levels exceeding 95% for all three metals. The study also examined the scalability of the green solvent method, revealing its potential to offer more sustainable and cost-effective solutions compared to traditional methods, which typically involve high temperatures and toxic chemicals. Despite the promising results, challenges such as solvent recovery and the adaptation of the process for large-scale industrial applications remain. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates that integrating green solvent-based recycling into the global EV supply chain can significantly reduce environmental impacts, conserve resources, and support the transition to a circular economy. The findings highlight the potential of this recycling method to provide a more sustainable and efficient solution for EV battery recycling, ultimately contributing to the development of a more sustainable EV industry.

This study explores the integration of Islamic economic education with green economy principles, focusing on environmental stewardship and sustainability. Islamic education plays a pivotal role in fostering ecological awareness, integrating values such as khalifah (stewardship), maslahah (public welfare), and adl (justice), which align with green economic practices. The research investigates how these values are taught in Islamic educational settings, particularly in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), and how they promote sustainable practices such as tree planting and livestock cultivation. The study highlights the role of Islamic financial mechanisms, such as zakat, waqf, and green financing, in supporting sustainable development and equitable resource distribution. It also examines how Islamic education instills eco-spiritual values and encourages sustainable behaviors among students. The findings suggest that Islamic universities emphasize ethical economic principles more than secular institutions, while secular institutions focus more on sustainability content. The study calls for a more integrated approach, where both ethical economic practices and sustainability principles are harmonized to equip students for leadership roles in a green economy. This integration is crucial for fostering responsible global citizens capable of addressing the intertwined challenges of economic growth and environmental preservation.

Women as perpetrators of circular mobility (circular migrants) in the city of Semarang are generally involved in independent businesses in the informal sector. Working independently in the informal sector provides economic freedom and power in decision making. The informal sector does not require a lot of skills or working capital, and is suitable for domestic activities. The motivation for circular migrant women to leave their area of origin is because the unfavorable socio-economic conditions in the village encourage village women to engage in independent business in the trade sector, as well as because it is difficult to get work in the village. A shift in family roles occurs in the families of circular migrant women, when women as mothers have to leave the house to earn a living, then childcare patterns are entrusted to parents in the village, even though the existence of circular migrant women remains the hope of all family members, there is a role that is lost in both themselves and family.

Ring topology is a type of network topology that is used to connect a computer with other computers in a circular circuit, like a ring. Usually a ring topology only uses a LAN card to connect each computer. The function of a ring topology is to connect nodes or computers in a network so that they can share information and resources with each other. Meanwhile, TCP-IP itself is communication used by the internet community to exchange data from one computer to another computer on the internet, because this protocol is a collection of protocols (protocol suite).

The aim of this research is to find out the role and function of the Court of the People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia in dealing with violations of the council's code of ethics. This research approach was carried out using a normative approach. From this research it can be seen that the role of the Council's Honorary Court in upholding the DPR's code of ethics is carried out through prevention and enforcement efforts. Prevention efforts are carried out in various stages, namely socialization, training, sending circulars and providing recommendations, or other methods determined by the Honorary Court Council.

This thesis is the result of research that shows the extent of the influence of Distance Learning on the development of adolescents aged 15-19 years. One of the impacts of the covid 19 pandemic is that learning is carried out remotely in accordance with government policies in the Ministry of Education and culture Circular Number 15 of 2020. The learning system implemented was influential for the development of adolescents. The purpose of this study was specifically to determine the extent of the influence of Distance Learning on the development of adolescents aged 15-19 years in SMA Negeri 1 Cariu, Bogor, West Java. The research methods used are quantitative methods with data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, literature studies and questionnaires. The location of the study at SMA Negeri 1 Cariu which is located at Jl. Transyogi, RT.17/RW.06, Cariu, District. Cariu, Bogor regency, West Java 16840, with a population of 950 and a sample of 95 respondents. Data analysis and data processing techniques using Ms. Excel 2010 and SPSS 25 for Windows. The results showed that the influence of distance learning on the development of adolescents 15-19 years in SMA Negeri 1 Cariu amounted to 97.5% and other presentations are influenced by other factors. Based on the results of the analysis and conclusions in the discussion chapter, the researchers provide and propose suggestions or input as follows: First, the counseling teachers of SMA Negeri 1 Cariu, are constantly involved in improving counseling for learners in order to supervise and control every aspect of development. Second, all elements related to lecturers, teachers, and parents can promote more intense and open communication.

This research aims to determine the legal responsibilities of coal companies in fulfilling their achievements due to the export ban. This legal writing is included in the type of normative legal research using a legislative approach including primary legal materials and secondary legal materials collected through document study and analyzed using deductive legal material analysis using the syllogism method. This research examines the implementation of the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 139.K/HK.02/MEM.B/2021 regarding the fulfillment and prioritization of domestic coal needs. The failure to fulfill the Domestic Market Obligation then gave rise to an export ban by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources through the issuance of Circular Letter from the Directorate General of Minerals and Coal, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Number B-605/MB.05/DJB.B/2021. The export ban then causes coal entrepreneurs to be unable to fulfill agreements with foreign companies. Non-fulfillment of achievements due to changes in Government policy in the form of an export ban is analyzed and categorized as force majeure so that non-performance, compensation or cancellation of the agreement cannot be sued. The legal responsibility that can be carried out by coal entrepreneurs in the event of an export ban is to submit a force majeure situation and prove that their party has been in good faith from the beginning until the agreement is in progress.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the Tor-tor Naposo Nauli Bulung dance in Muaratai II Village, Muaratais II Village, Angkola Muaratais District, South Tapanul Administrative Region from the point of view of space, time and energy. This type of research is qualitative research conducted using descriptive methods, the research instrument is the researcher himself and supports stationery, mobile phones and flash drives. This type of research uses primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature studies, observation, interviews and documentation. The stages of data analysis are data collection, data description, data analysis, and data inference. The aspect of the space for Tor-tor Naposo Nauli Bulung Dance is 7 types of motion that have elements of line, volume, facing direction, level, vision vokus. The dominant circular line, which is found in the motion of markusors, mangidos, manartcons ritoop, and singgang. Its volume consists of large and small. The dominant facing direction forward. The level of motion consists of high, medium, and low. As well as the focus of view focuses on the direction of the fingers. The aspect of time consists of 2 elements, namely: tempo and rhythm. The dominant tempo uses a slow tempo. The dominant rhythm is slow. There are 3 kinds of power aspects, namely: intensity, pressure, quality. The element of intensity predominates is weak intensity. This dance has no stress or accent because the movement flows gently following the code of the accompaniment music.

Ulin wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) or commonly called iron wood is one of the famous and strongest woods in its habitat Kalimantan forest. There are various regional names for Ulin, including bulian, bulian rambai, onglen (South Sumatra), belian, tabulin, telian, tulian and ulin (Kalimantan) (Abdurachman, 2011). Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) or also known as bulian or ironwood is a woody tree and is a typical plant of Southeast Asia including Indonesia (Sumatra & Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah & Sarawak), Philippines (Sulu Islands). Ulin is classified into the Lauraceae tribe. Ulin has a typical tree height of 30-35 m, diameter at breast height (dbh) 60-120 cm. Straight trunk with branches, round and tight crown and horizontal branching. Ulin generally grows at an altitude of 5 - 400 m above sea level with flat to sloping terrain, growing scattered or clustered in mixed forests but very rarely found in swamp habitats Ulin wood is also resistant to changes in temperature, humidity, and the influence of sea water so that the nature of the wood is very heavy and hard. somewhat separated from other trees and surrounded by a circular path of ironwood. At the bottom of the ulin tree there is a hollow section. Ulin grows well in wet tropical forests, on non-waterlogged soils up to 500-625 meters above sea level, in flat areas near rivers and tributaries, undulating areas to ridges. The soil where ulin grows is generally sandy with low pH and macro nutrients (N, P, K).

Data from the Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) for Employment in 2021 - 2022 recorded 499,604 cases of work accidents, then the Circular Letter of the Chief Mining Inspector number: B- 6234/MB.07/DBT.KP/2023 dated 9 October 2023 regarding Increasing Vigilance in Efforts Preventing Mining Accidents and Improving Mining Safety Performance, throughout 2023, 46.9% of accidents will result in deaths due to interaction activities on mine roads. Based on preliminary studies at PT. The true Saptaindra Site SERA in 2023 found that the number of property damage accidents (equipment damage) was 11 cases and near misses were 4 cases. The aim of this research is to identify risks that can occur both in terms of humans, the environment and operational processes, then be able to analyze the level of risk and provide recommendations for controlling dangerous risks to minimize the potential for work accidents at the PT Saptaindra Sejati Site SERA. This research uses HIRA (Hazzard Identification Risk Assessment) method with the main focus being able to identify potential hazards through calculating the level of opportunity (Likelihood) and level of severity (Saverity) in order to obtain the level of risk using a risk matrix. And then control is carried out according to the work safety hierarchy, namely elimination, substitution, engineering, administration and PPE (personal protective equipment). The results of this research show that after controlling jobs with a medium risk level, there are 3 jobs including Topsoil removal, Over burden removal and Coal getting and less than 9 according to table 2.3 Risk Matrix and jobs with a low risk level. risk), namely 3 jobs including Land clearing, Drill and blast and Mine water pumping work in the sump.    

E-waste has become a critical global issue due to the rapid growth of electronic product consumption and the environmental risks associated with improper disposal. Traditional disposal methods, such as landfilling and incineration, are no longer sustainable as they lead to environmental degradation, health hazards, and loss of valuable resources. In contrast, remanufacturing, a key component of the circular economy, offers a more sustainable solution. This study explores the effectiveness of remanufacturing as a strategy for e-waste management, focusing on its ability to reduce waste generation and improve material efficiency in the electronics industry. The research utilizes a case study approach, examining industrial-scale remanufacturing processes, including material input-output analysis to track resource flows and waste streams. The findings reveal a significant reduction in e-waste generation, with up to a 50% decrease in waste volume, and substantial improvements in material recovery, particularly in metals like gold and copper. Additionally, the study highlights the economic and environmental benefits of remanufacturing, such as cost savings and resource conservation. However, the study also identifies barriers to the widespread adoption of remanufacturing, including technological, financial, and regulatory challenges. The results underscore the potential of a circular-economy-based remanufacturing model as a sustainable solution for the electronics industry. The study calls for further research into improving remanufacturing technologies, enhancing policy frameworks, and expanding circular economy practices across various industries.