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This study investigated the logical function of clause complexes in two selected English nursery tales, Jack the Giant Killer and Jack and the Beanstalk, using Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) framework. The research focuses on the realization of clause interpendency through the taxis system (parataxis, hypotaxis, and taxis combination) and logico-semantic relations (elaboration, extension, enhancement, idea and locution). The method employed is qualitative content analysis based on Krippendorf involving processes such as unitizing, sampling, coding, reducing, interpreting, and narrating. From 1,048 clauses analyzed, 341 wereidentified as clause complexes. The findings show that enhancement is the most dominant logico-semantic relation (164 cases), followed by extension (123 cases), elaboration (100 cases), locution (57 cases), andidea (22 cases). The findings show that paratxis is the most dominant taxis in selected English nursery tales. While hypotaxis relations mostly realized in enhancement, while extension appeared dominantly in parataxis. These results reveal that although nursery tales are intended for children, they often employ complex grammatical structure, therefore, balancing narrative engagement and linguistic accessibility is crucial to support children’s language development and reading comprehension.

Indonesia represents one of the world's most complex and dynamic linguistic ecosystems, harboring over 700 regional languages alongside the national language (Bahasa Indonesia) and Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO). This synthesis study provides comprehensive analysis of the Indonesian linguistic landscape, integrating findings from five complementary large-scale investigations conducted 2020–2024: code-switching patterns in digital communication; typological uniqueness of Indonesia's tenseless temporal system; linguistic complexity of BISINDO and barriers to deaf inclusion; sociolinguistic stratification through first-person pronoun variation; and critical endangerment of regional languages. The synthesis employed integrative methodology encompassing 3,550 total participants, 20,000+ linguistic tokens, 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork, and analysis of 150 languages and 25 revitalization programs. Synthesis reveals five interconnected dynamics: (1) centripetal standardization through education, urbanization, and media; (2) centrifugal diversification through identity construction and social stratification; (3) typological persistence maintaining Indonesian distinctiveness despite contact; (4) parallel endangerment affecting regional languages and BISINDO; and (5) ideology-driven change linking language choice to modernity and prestige. These dynamics produce dynamic tension between homogenization and diversification. Indonesia's linguistic future depends on whether policies can balance national unity through Indonesian and linguistic diversity through regional language and BISINDO protection. 

Code-switching has become increasingly prevalent in digital communication among Indonesian youth, reflecting complex sociolinguistic dynamics in multilingual contexts. This study investigates code-switching patterns in Indonesian digital native youth's computer-mediated communication (CMC), examining the linguistic structures, social functions, and motivations behind this phenomenon. A mixed-methods approach was employed, analyzing 2,500 social media posts from 150 Indonesian youth aged 18–25 across Instagram, Twitter, and WhatsApp. Quantitative content analysis identified code-switching frequency and patterns, while qualitative thematic analysis explored motivations and functions. Myers-Scotton's Matrix Language Frame model guided the structural analysis. Results revealed that 78.4% of participants engaged in code-switching, with Indonesian-English being the most common pattern (62.3%), followed by Indonesian-Regional Language (23.5%) and trilingual switching (14.2%). Intrasentential switching occurred in 54.7% of cases, while intersentential switching appeared in 31.8%. Five primary functions emerged: identity construction (32.1%), emphasis/intensification (26.4%), topic shifting (18.9%), humor/creativity (14.3%), and lexical gap-filling (8.3%). Code-switching in Indonesian digital communication represents a sophisticated linguistic practice driven by identity negotiation, expressive needs, and technological affordances rather than linguistic deficiency. These findings contribute to understanding multilingual CMC in Southeast Asian contexts and have implications for digital literacy education and language policy.

Criminal law policy in Indonesia saw significant modifications with the adoption of the new Criminal Code (KUHP), particularly with regard to the regulation of cohabitation and adultery. Because it directly affects people's private life and may have an impact on human rights protection, this arrangement has sparked discussion in the community. This study intends to investigate the application of the penal provisions of adultery and cohabitation in the new penal Code and examine its consequences for the protection of human rights. The research method applied was normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and human rights approach. The study's findings show that the regulation and implementation of laws relating to adultery and promiscuity can lead to issues in law enforcement, particularly those relating to the right to privacy, the proportionality of punishment principle, and the potential for actual abuse of power. The conclusion of this study underlines the necessity for the judicial implementation of the law and geared towards the protection of human rights, as well as the examination of criminal law policies to be in line with the ideals of the rule of law, democracy, and respect for individual freedom.

This study aims to improve digital money literacy among the community of Kineppen Village, Munte District, Karo Regency, through education and the implementation of the QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) payment system. The research utilized a descriptive qualitative approach, incorporating field observations, interviews, and direct mentoring with four local businesses: Ayam Penyet Pak Lek, Warkop Aim Tigander, Oke Laundry Kineppen, and Pangkas Singarimbun. The findings show that two businesses, Ayam Penyet Pak Lek and Pangkas Singarimbun, successfully adopted QRIS, leading to smoother transactions and increased customer trust. However, the other two businesses, Warkop Aim Tigander and Oke Laundry Kineppen, still face challenges in adopting the system due to limited internet access and deep-rooted traditional cash payment habits. Despite these barriers, the program significantly enhanced the digital literacy of local entrepreneurs, raising their awareness and readiness to participate in the village’s digital economy. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous support and access to technology in fostering the broader adoption of digital payment systems, particularly in rural areas where technological access may still be limited

Economic empowerment of rural communities through the strengthening of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is a crucial pillar in achieving national economic independence. One of the fundamental obstacles faced by MSMEs in rural areas is financial exclusion due to low digital literacy and dependence on conventional cash transaction systems. The Community Service Program (KKN) of students from the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UIN SU) in Pematang Tengah Village was designed to bridge this gap by optimizing the Indonesian Standard Quick Response Code (QRIS). Through an intensive participatory mentoring approach, students acted as agents of digital transformation who educated, trained, and facilitated 10 local MSME actors in adopting non-cash payment technology. The results of the program show a significant shift from digital skepticism to digital trust. The implementation of QRIS has been proven to increase operational efficiency, financial management accuracy, and strengthen the image of business modernity in the eyes of consumers. This article emphasizes that the role of students is not merely as information deliverers, but as catalysts of social capital that is crucial for the sustainability of digitalization at the village level.

This research aims to describe the process of transforming Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) toward a digital economy through QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) training and the creation of creative banners as promotional media in Batu Karang Village, Karo Regency. Digital transformation has become an essential need for MSMEs to adapt to changes in consumer behavior and rapid technological development. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach focusing on training materials and the implementation process, without using quantitative data or interview results. The findings indicate that QRIS training provides MSME actors with conceptual and practical understanding of digital payment systems that are efficient, secure, and convenient. In addition, creative banner development functions as a visual promotional tool that strengthens business identity and enhances consumer attraction. The integration of QRIS with creative banners creates synergy between digital payment systems and promotional strategies that are relevant to the conditions of rural MSMEs. Overall, this research demonstrates that digital-based training combined with creative promotional media can serve as an effective strategy to enhance MSME readiness in facing the digital economy era in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to introduce the convenience of digital transactions through socialization of the use of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) to residents of Marihat Bukit Village. This activity was motivated by the low public understanding of the use of non-cash transactions, particularly QRIS, which is an innovative integrated digital payment system from Bank Indonesia. Through socialization and direct practice, residents were introduced to how to use QRIS in various daily transactions, such as shopping, paying for services, and other local economic activities. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding and interest in the use of digital transactions that are easier, faster, and safer. It is hoped that this activity will encourage digital financial inclusion in rural areas and support government programs to expand literacy and the application of financial technology in the community. Furthermore, active community participation in this activity shows great potential to reduce dependence on cash transactions and encourage digital transformation at the village level. This activity is also expected to accelerate the transition to a more inclusive and digital-based society.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a fundamental pillar of the Indonesian economy, but their potential is often hampered by the digital divide, especially in rural areas. The Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) initiative is a way for the government to encourage digital transformation and make payments more accessible to everyone. This article aims to document and analyse the process and impact of a community service programme that facilitated the adoption of QRIS among 10 MSMEs in Pematang Tengah Village, Tanjung Pura Sub-district. This activity used the Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) method, which emphasises active collaboration between the service team and MSME partners. The process included participatory planning, collaborative action in the form of intensive training and mentoring, and joint evaluation. The results showed that all 10 MSME partners successfully adopted and used QRIS for daily transactions. The significant benefits included increased transaction efficiency, improved financial record-keeping, and a more modern business image. The main challenges identified were initial doubts about the technology and unstable internet connectivity, which were successfully mitigated through personalised mentoring based on trust. It was concluded that the CBPAR (Community-Based Participatory Action Research) method is a highly effective framework for implementing technological innovation in rural MSME communities because it not only addresses technical skill gaps but also builds crucial social capital such as trust and digital confidence.

This study analyzes the ethics of Christian Religious Education teachers based on James 3:1, which emphasizes the great responsibility carried by those who teach in the context of educational ministry. The research aims to examine the relevance of biblical principles regarding the role and duties of teachers with the implementation of the professional code of ethics for Christian Religious Education teachers in Indonesia. Teachers are not only responsible for delivering academic knowledge but also serve as moral and spiritual role models whose words, attitudes, and actions significantly influence students’ faith development. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method through literature analysis, including the interpretation of James 3:1, ethical guidelines, and theological-pedagogical studies. The findings show that James 3:1 provides a strong warning for teachers to be cautious, responsible, and accountable in their teaching practices, as their judgment before God is greater. In conclusion, the ethics of Christian Religious Education teachers reflect their faith commitment in carrying out their responsibilities with integrity.

The history of the growth and development of schools of thought is an important part of comparative fiqh studies because it describes the dynamics of Islamic legal thought from the time of the companions to the period of codification of schools of thought. This study is motivated by the importance of understanding the historical process of the birth of schools of fiqh as an effort to place differences of opinion in a proportional and scientific manner. This study aims to analyze the growth and development of schools of thought in Islamic law and the factors that influence them. The method used is library research by examining various classical and contemporary literature relevant to the study theme. The results of the study show that major schools of thought such as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali developed through a process of ijtihad influenced by social, cultural, political conditions, and differences in the methodology of istinbāṭ law. This development does not indicate division, but rather enriches the treasury of Islamic law and provides flexibility in responding to the issues of the ummah in various contexts. The implication of this study is the importance of historical understanding in comparative fiqh studies in order to build a tolerant attitude towards ikhtilaf and strengthen the relevance of Islamic law in facing the dynamics of modern society.

The utilization of Bouke Ami fishing gear in Indonesian waters, particularly in PPN Muara Angke, plays a significant role in managing fishery resources and increasing production. This gear is commonly used by fishermen to catch pelagic fish such as mackerel, tuna, and squid. However, the environmental friendliness of Bouke Ami fishing gear is crucial for sustainable fisheries management. While effective in catching fish, this fishing gear can negatively impact the marine ecosystem, including damage to coral reefs and the capture of juvenile fish, which affects their growth. This research aims to assess the level of environmental friendliness of the Bouke Ami fishing gear used in PPN Muara Angke. Conducted from November 2025 to January 2026, the study employed a descriptive method, using interviews and questionnaires with Bouke Ami fishermen. The findings are expected to contribute to the literature on sustainable fisheries and highlight the importance of using environmentally friendly fishing gear, in line with the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries.

Thei swifti advancementi ofi technologyi hasi madei iti simpleri fori individualsi toi accessi informationi viai sociali mediai platforms.i Nonetheless,i thisi cani alsoi leadi toi offenses,i includingi abusivei languagei ori expressionsi ofi animosityi towardsi othersi online.i Suchi actionsi falli underi Articlesi 310i andi 311i ofi thei Criminali Code,i whichi governi insultsi andi defamation,i alongi withi thei Informationi andi Electronici Transactionsi Lawi Numberi 11i Oct 2008.i Thisi lawi wasi revisedi toi includei Articlei 27i Paragraphi (3)i ini thei thei 2024i Informationi andi Electronici Transactionsi Law,i whichi tacklesi thei issuei ofi defamation.i Thei methodologyi appliedi ini thisi studyi isi normativei juridicali research,i emphasizingi ai legali approachi thati incorporatesi libraryi sources,i statutes,i regulations,i andi relevanti legali theoriesi andi concepts.i Thei obstaclesi ini applyingi thei lawi againsti defamationi crimesi oni sociali mediai encompassi legali issues,i technicali barriers,i andi culturali asi welli asi sociali factors.i Toi tacklei thesei obstacles,i i iti other essentiali toi enhancei thei skillsi ofi lawi enforcementi personneli andi boosti publici awarenessi abouti digitali literacy.i Thei processi ofi lawi enforcementi concerningi defamationi crimesi oni sociali mediai adheresi toi thei proceduresi outlinedi ini thei Criminali Procedurei Code,i focusingi oni electronici evidence.i Articlesi 310i andi 311i ofi thei Criminali Code,i togetheri withi Articlei 27i Paragraphi (3)i ofi thei Informationi andi Electronici Transactionsi Lawi asi amendedi ini Lawi Numberi 1i ofi 2024,i providei thei legali foundationi fori addressingi crimesi oni sociali media,i ini linei withi thei proceduresi seti forthi ini thei Criminali Procedurei Code.  

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal basis for the qualification of unlawful acts in disputes concerning the unilateral cancellation of life insurance policies by the insurer as reflected in Decision Number 5871 K/Pdt/2024. This research is a normative legal study with a prescriptive nature, employing both case and statutory approaches. The legal materials used in this study consist of primary and secondary legal materials which are analyzed qualitatively using the syllogistic method with deductive reasoning. The results of the study indicate that the qualification of an unlawful act in the a quo decision is based on a systematic interpretation of Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code, which is understood in relation to the binding source of agreements under Article 1339 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Furthermore, the existence of naturalia elements also emphasizes the presence of legal obligations inherent in an agreement even though they are not explicitly stated therein. In life insurance, the obligation to pay claims after the insured risk has occurred constitutes a normative consequence inherent in the policy; therefore, the unilateral cancellation of a life insurance policy fulfills the elements of an unlawful act as stipulated in Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code.

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, Belawan Ocean Fishing Port is one of the largest fishing ports in WPP-NRI 571, strategic position because it is located between the waters of the East Coast and the South China Sea. The status of fish resource utilization in Belawan Ocean Fishing Port which has been fully exploited makes a study to analyze the level of fishing gear use in Belawan Ocean Fishing Port. This study aims to determine the level of environmental friendliness of purse seine fishing gear. This study was conducted at Belawan Ocean Fishing Port in November-December 2025. The research method used was a survey method, direct observation and interviews using a questionnaire. The sample used was 30 respondents. The analysis of the level of environmental friendliness of fishing gear was carried out in accordance with the criteria of 9 Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). The results of the calculation of the environmental friendliness score were 30.2 out of a total of 908 points for the level of friendliness of purse seine fishing gear at Belawan Ocean Fishing Port, and this fishing method is categorized as a very environmentally friendly fishing gear.

The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) marks a historic milestone in the reform of Indonesia's criminal law system. This study examines the fundamental changes from the old Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht) to the new National Criminal Code, focusing on the paradigm shift from retributive justice to restorative justice as a form of law enforcement reform. Using a normative juridical method with a statutory and comparative approach, the study analyzes the philosophical, structural, and substantive transformation embedded in the new Criminal Code. The findings indicate that the new Criminal Code introduces significant reforms including the adoption of the dualistic theory separating criminal acts from criminal liability, the recognition of living law, the expansion of criminal subjects to include corporations, the formulation of sentencing guidelines based on restorative principles, and the integration of Pancasila values as the moral foundation of the criminal law system. The case of corruption prosecution involving the Chromebook laptop procurement at the Ministry of Education illustrates the ongoing challenges of criminal law enforcement during this transitional period. This research concludes that the transition from the old to the new Criminal Code constitutes a comprehensive legal reform that transforms not only normative substance but also the fundamental paradigm of criminal law enforcement in Indonesia

Early Warning Score (EWS) is early detection instrument for predicting severity or worsening of a patient's condition. Therefore, nurses' compliance with the assessment is crucial. The goal is to reduce the incidence of code blues in general care units. Code blue is a procedure code used for conditions where a victim is found to be at risk of cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest. Methods: This study is a quantitative analytical survey, a form of research that examines the effects and risk factors. The study design was cross-sectional, examining the dynamics of correlation between dependent and independent variables. The number of respondents in this study was 150, drawn from a total sampling of the nurse population in general care units. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using a non-parametric Chi-Square test. Results: Respondents, based on their level of compliance with the EWSS monitoring form, were mostly in the compliant category (94%), and most had an impact on the absence of code blues (94%) in the emergency risk group. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between nurses' compliance in monitoring the completion of the EWSS and the occurrence of code blue in inpatient rooms (P-Value <0.05).

Tabuh Rah in Bali is part of a Hindu religious ceremony involving animal sacrifice to maintain harmony between nature and human life. In practice, it is often accompanied by tajen (cockfighting) involving monetary or valuable bets, potentially violating Article 303 of the Indonesian Criminal Code concerning gambling. This study examines the regulation of cockfighting as a criminal offense under Article 303 and the criminal liability of perpetrators of tajen within the context of the Tabuh Rah ceremony. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that cockfighting conducted as part of the Tabuh Rah ritual is permissible based on the Batur Agung Inscription (933 Saka) and the Batuan Inscription (944 Saka) without requiring official authorization. However, cockfighting conducted outside the ritual context and involving betting constitutes gambling in violation of the Criminal Code and Law No. 7 of 1974. Perpetrators may be held criminally liable for intentionally committing an unlawful act.

This study aims to examine the judge's considerations in rendering decisions in aggravated theft cases at the Medan District Court, with an emphasis on the balance between legal and non-legal aspects in realizing substantive justice. The issue of disparate sentencing that frequently arises is the main background of this study. The methods used are an integrated normative legal approach and an empirical legal approach. The normative approach is used to examine the provisions of Article 363 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the legal principles that govern the judge's considerations, while the empirical approach is carried out through direct observation of the trial process and analysis of the judge's decision. The results of the study indicate that the judge in case Number 1110/Pid. B/2025/PN Medan not only complied with legal aspects such as fulfilling the elements of the crime, evidence, and the application of the principle of legality, but also considered non-legal aspects such as the socio-economic conditions, age, and motives of the defendant. These considerations demonstrate the application of the principles of criminal individualization and proportional justice. In addition, the judge also considered moral values ​​and social benefits in his decision, which is in line with Gustav Radbruch's theory of three basic legal values: justice, legal certainty, and utility. This study concludes that the thinking patterns of judges at the Medan District Court reflect a shift toward substantive and restorative justice paradigms. It is recommended that the Supreme Court strengthen integrated sentencing guidelines to avoid disparities in sentencing and encourage the adoption of a rehabilitative approach for offenders with low economic motivations.

The crime of receiving stolen goods, as regulated in Article 480 of the Criminal Code (KUHP), is an offence that plays a crucial role in the continuation of the principal crime, particularly theft. Receivers provide a market for stolen goods, thereby indirectly encouraging perpetrators to continue their actions. This article aims to analyse the implementation of Article 480 of the KUHP in judicial practice, with a focus on proving the element of ‘knowing or reasonably suspecting’ that the goods purchased were obtained through criminal activity. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach through direct observation of a trial at the M. District Court. The observations show that the panel of judges successfully proved the defendant's guilt as a fence through a series of trial facts, such as the unreasonable purchase price, consistent testimony from the perpetrator of the theft, and the defendant's own admission that he had been suspicious. The judge's decision, which was lighter than the prosecutor's demands, also reflected considerations of substantive justice and humanity in addition to legal certainty. This study concludes that the effective enforcement of Article 480 of the Criminal Code in court plays an important role in breaking the chain of crime and providing a deterrent effect not only for the main perpetrators but also for those who participate in enjoying the proceeds of crime.