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Firm value is an investor's perception of the manager's level of success in managing the company's resources entrusted to him which is often associated with stock prices. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of profitability and firm size on firm value in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population and samples used in this study amounted to 12 which were taken using purposive sampling method. The results of this study prove that profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2021. And company size has a positive and significant effect on company value in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. Profitability and company size have positive and significant effect on company value in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period.      

Counterfeiting of securities is a serious illegal act with the potential for significant legal consequences.  The author provides an in-depth review of the criminal law aspects associated with counterfeiting securities.  The aim of this research was to analyze and understand the legal framework governing counterfeiting of securities, including the criminal considerations and sanctions applied.  This study also explains the concept of counterfeiting securities and how this action violates applicable law.  In addition, this study also discusses the elements that must be present in an act of counterfeiting securities such as intentionality and the intention to make a profit.  Furthermore, this study also analyzes the penalties and sanctions that can be applied to perpetrators of counterfeiting securities.  In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of effective law enforcement in dealing with counterfeit securities.  Perpetrators of counterfeiting securities must be held responsible for the actions that have been taken and be faced with sanctions in accordance with applicable criminal law.

Rare diseases present a significant challenge in diagnosis due to their low prevalence and the limited awareness among healthcare professionals. The emergence of genomic technologies, particularly Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), has revolutionized the diagnosis of rare diseases by enabling the identification of genetic variations associated with these conditions. This technology offers improved accuracy and speed compared to traditional clinical diagnostic methods, which are often time-consuming and insufficient for rare genetic conditions. This study explores the application of genomic technology in identifying rare diseases in Indonesia, highlighting its effectiveness, accuracy, and the challenges involved in its implementation. The research employed genomic testing techniques, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), to identify genetic mutations associated with rare diseases in patients. The findings of the study demonstrate that genomic technology significantly reduces the time required for diagnosis, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic conditions. Diseases such as Diphyllobothriasis and Sparganosis, which are rarely diagnosed through traditional clinical methods, were successfully identified using genomic technologies. However, challenges persist in the implementation of genomic technology in Indonesia, including limited infrastructure, high costs, and a lack of specialized training for healthcare professionals. Despite these barriers, the findings underscore the potential of genomic technologies to improve the diagnosis and management of rare diseases in Indonesia. The study concludes by recommending further investments in infrastructure, the training of healthcare professionals, and the development of supportive policies to facilitate the widespread adoption of genomic technologies in the healthcare system, particularly for the diagnosis of rare diseases.

Introduction: Health Care Associated Infections (HAIs) often occur in hospitals. Infections classified as HAIs are surgical site infections. Compliance with wound care according to SPO, application of SSI budles and SC patient factors, namely: age, blood sugar levels and albumin levels contribute to the incidence of surgical site infections. This study aims to explain the relationship between SPO adherence to wound care, application of bundles surgical site infection, and patient factors with the incidence of SSI in sectio caesarea patients. Methods: This study uses a literature review. Search strategy on ProQuest, Google Scholar, PubMed. The journal reviewed is research on the relationship between SPO compliance with wound care, application of bundles surgical site infection, and patient factors with the incidence of SSI in cesarean section patients published in 2016-2023. Journals that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, so that 5 journals were reviewed. Results: there is a relationship between adherence to SPO wound care, application of bundles surgical site infection, age, blood sugar levels, and albumin levels of SC patients to the incidence of SSI. Discussion: Research recommends that nurses adhere to SPO and implement SSI bundles strictly in a compliant manner, as well as monitoring patient factors, such as: age, blood sugar levels, patient albumin levels are very important in preventing infection in the operating area.    

Antenatal care (ANC) visits are contacts between pregnant women and caregivers in terms of assessing the health and well-being of the baby as well as opportunities to obtain information and provide information to the mother and health workers. If a pregnant woman does not have a pregnancy check-up, it will not be known whether her pregnancy is going well or whether she is experiencing a high risk situation and obstetric complications which are dangerous for the life of the mother and fetus and can also cause high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between Antenatal Care (ANC) Management and Childbirth Complications at the Pratama Kita Clinic, Langkat Regency in 2023. This type of research uses a correlational research method with a cross sectional approach. The subjects of this study were pregnant women, totaling 49 respondents. Retrieval of data using a questionnaire on the management of antenatal care with labor complications. The analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately. The formula in this study uses the Chi Square formula. The management of antenatal care (ANC) is associated with labor complications with a p value = 0.000. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between antenatal care (ANC) management and birth complications.

Abstract consist of the background of the problem, The results of the interviews also explained that teachers had difficulty making teaching aids or learning media so that they experienced obstacles in providing material to students. Based on the background of the problem and needs analysis, the formulation of the problem is the validity of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media, practicality of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media, Effectiveness of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media. Based on data analysis and discussion of research results, then associated with the formulation of the problem and research objectives, it was concluded that the validation of the media developed by the researchers received an assessment of 94%, meaning that the reliability of the media obtained results worthy of slight revisions. Validation of the material developed by researchers received an assessment reaches 89%, meaning that the reliability of the material in the media gets decent results with a little revision, the practicality validation of the media developed by researchers gets an assessment from the teacher validator reaches 95%, it means that the practicality reliability of the media gets decent results with a little revision, the practical validation of the media developed by researchers gets an assessment From the responses of the students, it was obtained that the percentage mode was ≥ 80% with the category suitable for use. Validation of the effectiveness of the media developed by researchers. From the 10 questionnaire statements, the mode percentage was obtained ≥ 90% with the category suitable for use, and the results of critical thinking test questions from the pretest value of 54% with the value of the increase in the posttest from the value of 95%. Therefore it can be concluded that the pretest data for students' critical thinking skills is very good because they have reached the specified KKM

Indonesia is a country that upholds people's sovereignty, which means that all political and governmental activities in Indonesia, both directly and indirectly, are regulated by the people. It is the people who choose who is entitled to occupy government positions using the election mechanism. This election itself was followed by more than a dozen political parties. The purpose of conducting this research is to further discuss whether the dissolution of political parties has violated the existence of freedoms that guarantee human rights in them or whether these rights have limitations in certain respects. As well as another objective is to examine the reasons and mechanisms in a dissolution within a political party carried out by the Supreme Court. This research uses normative qualitative methods where the results of the research will be in the form of a comprehensive review based on law no. 24 of 2003 and Law no. 2 of 2008. The result is that the dissolution of political parties does not violate human rights at all because the right to associate has certain limitations and the reason political parties can be dissolved is that it is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila ideology.

The risk society, also known as the Risk Society, is a term associated with the famous sociologist Ulrich Beck. According to him, we are still in a new era, even in a new form of modernity. There are still many sociological publications that still refer to the main idea of ​​a risk society. The concept of uncertainty follows a societal perspective that develops through a narrow perspective of the risk society regarding environmental hazards. The role of technology is often underexplained in sociological theory. So that technological risk is not taken into account in Beck's risk community concept. There are three basic characteristics that overlap from the first modernity in pursuing society of risk as an important concept. Disaster is an event or phenomenon that has the potential to cause damage resulting in loss of life and cause destruction of property. There are three types of disasters according to their causes. In risk research on sociological discourse, media and communication play a role in the construction of risks that get recognition about risks. Disaster management can be understood as a set of policies to make efforts related to disasters before, during and after a disaster, which include prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response, healing and repair through appropriate and effective organizing activities. This can be criticized in two ways, namely, in terms of studies regarding the perspective of a socio-cultural approach to a risk and surveys regarding general risk awareness.

One of the most common health problems among toddlers in Indonesia is malnutrition. Based on the results of the 2018 Riskesdas, nationally the prevalence of malnutrition is 13.8%. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of malnutrition in toddlers in Indonesia. The research method used is through searching articles on Google Scholar during the period of 2018-2021 using the keywords toddlers malnutrition, underweight in toddlers, factors of under nutrition in toddlers, and determinants of toddlers malnutrition. As the results, the study found 5 journal articles mentioned the risk factors of malnutrition in toddlers, which are direct factors and indirect factors. The direct factors of malnutrition in toddlers are : infectious diseases and poor parenting patterns, while the indirect factors are : not being provided exclusive breastfeeding, low quality of mother's knowledge regarding feeding toddlers, low economic status and family food security, the short gap of giving birth, and inadequate personal hygiene as well as environmental sanitation.

One of the most common health problems among toddlers in Indonesia is malnutrition. Based on the results of the 2018 Riskesdas, nationally the prevalence of malnutrition is 13.8%. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of malnutrition in toddlers in Indonesia. The research method used is through searching articles on Google Scholar during the period of 2018-2021 using the keywords toddlers malnutrition, underweight in toddlers, factors of under nutrition in toddlers, and determinants of toddlers malnutrition. As the results, the study found 5 journal articles mentioned the risk factors of malnutrition in toddlers, which are direct factors and indirect factors. The direct factors of malnutrition in toddlers are : infectious diseases and poor parenting patterns, while the indirect factors are : not being provided exclusive breastfeeding, low quality of mother's knowledge regarding feeding toddlers, low economic status and family food security, the short gap of giving birth, and inadequate personal hygiene as well as environmental sanitation.

: Counseling and screening anxiety in adolescents is an important activity in supporting adolescent mental health. Counseling activities aim to provide relevant understanding and information about anxiety in adolescents, including definitions, causes, impacts, and effective management strategies. Through interactive methods, participants are given the opportunity to share experiences and gain a better understanding of anxiety. Meanwhile, anxiety screening in adolescents aims to early detect adolescents who may experience anxiety. Using structured questions and questionnaires, mental health professionals can evaluate adolescents' anxiety levels and direct them to appropriate sources of help. Early detection of anxiety allows adolescents to get appropriate interventions and prevent further negative impacts. Counseling activities and anxiety screening in adolescents have significant benefits. Education helps reduce the stigma associated with anxiety and provides youth with the knowledge and skills to recognize and deal with anxiety in healthy ways. Anxiety screening allows teens to get help earlier and prevent anxiety from getting worse. By actively involving adolescents in counseling and screening activities, they can feel supported and gain a better understanding of anxiety. It is hoped that through these activities, youth can develop positive stress management skills, improve mental well-being, and live a more balanced and productive teenage years.

Human trafficking is an organized crime that violates human rights relating to freedom, security and has the potential to use acts of violence against victims. This research uses empirical juridical research methods by examining a phenomenon that occurs in society associated with the applicable laws. The research was conducted to find out the law enforcement against the crime of trafficking in persons, the obstacles in the implementation of law enforcement, and how the police efforts as law enforcers who act to handle obstacles at the level of investigation and investigation. The results showed that law enforcement of trafficking in persons was dominated by trafficking in persons with sexual utilization and trafficking in Indonesian migrant workers. Case handling begins with a public report then submitted to the unit handling human trafficking cases for a series of investigations, investigations, and submission of files to the prosecutor's office. There are different methods in handling cases tailored to the needs of cases of trafficking in persons with sexual exploitation or exploitation and migrant workers. Based on the research, it is known that investigators find various obstacles caused by internal factors or the investigation process itself and external factors or from the community. Law enforcement is carried out with the aim of restoring the law itself so that evaluation is needed so that the handling of human trafficking crimes runs effectively.

Introduction;  Nutritional status is the state of the human body as a result of food consumption and the use of nutrients.  Good human nutritional status is influenced by two main things, namely food consumption and the state of health of the body or infection.  Malnutrition can result in failure to grow and develop, decreased endurance, lead to loss of healthy life of toddlers, as well as more serious impacts are the onset of disability, high rates of pain and acceleration of death.  Purpose;  to find out the factors associated with the incidence of malnutrition in toddlers in Sidomulyo Village Pulobandring Subdistrict.  Methods;  This research uses methods that are analytical surveys with a cross sectional approach. Sampling technique using accidental sampling method, with the number of samples as many as 32 toddlers in Sidomulyo Village Pulobandring Subdistrict. The data was analyzed using Univariate and Bivariate using the chi square test.  Results;  Studies using the chisquare  test showed a relationship between knowledge variables and the incidence of undernutrition (p= 0.015 < 0.05 respondents to trimesters II and III), family income with the incidence of undernutrition (p = 0.010 <.05), and jobs with less nutritional events (p = 0.001 < 0.05).  Conclusions;  In this study, there is a relationship between knowledge, family income, and work and the incidence of malnutrition in Sidomulyo Village pulobandring district in 2021. It is expected that health workers further improve health promotion as their role to achieve a goal that is to improve the health of mothers and children.                                                          

This research aims to investigate the integration of ethical business practices and AI-driven marketing strategies for product branding within Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The study adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews and content analysis. A purposive sampling technique will be employed to select participants from diverse MSMEs. Data will be analyzed thematically to identify patterns and insights regarding the implementation and impact of ethical practices and AI-driven marketing on branding strategies. The findings are expected to provide nuanced understandings of the challenges, opportunities, and outcomes associated with integrating ethical principles and AI technologies in MSMEs' branding endeavors, offering valuable insights for both practitioners and scholars in the field of marketing and business ethics.

Indonesia, Indonesia is a nation of law that uses a rule of law country (rechtstaat) concept. The concept of rule of law Indonesia set forth in its Constitution, the 1945 Constitution, Article 1 paragraph (3). There is an important element of democracy stated on the Constitution, namely the protection of human rights, that every citizen has the right to enjoy it. One of the rights protected in the Constitution is right to access a good and healthy living environment. For this, the environment needs to be preserved and function through administrative law enforcement. The study uses normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytics, which describes the norms and associated with theories, and opinions of legal experts. The development of a democratic nations of law can be seen from the aspect of law enforcement in particular with environmental administration. In Indonesia, it can be reviewed through the theory of organic states and the theory of pluralist states. Based on the theory of an organic state and looking at the aspects of environmental administration law enforcement in Indonesia, the state has regulated the enforcement of environmental administrative sanctions whereby the state can regulate every activity and/or business in the environmental issues. Therefore, the pluralist state theory recognized a variety of diverse interests in society that the state has accommodated all citizens rights to a good and healthy environment through pro-environment government policies

Entrepreneurship learning is the process of acquiring knowledge and skills related to entrepreneurship, including the ability to recognise and develop new business opportunities, effectively manage resources, and take calculated risks in order to achieve success in business ventures often associated with intentional entrepreneurship refers to a person's motivation or inclination to launch a new business venture. The focus of this study is on entrepreneurial learning and intention, and it employs a systematic review methodology from 2021 to 2023 scopus database. The focus of research related to entrepreneurship learning and entrepreneurship intention focuses on several things such as experiential learning practice, individual characteristics such as gender, age, proximity to entrepreneurship, academic performance, previous work experience, and propensity for risk and observe the change, innovation, one-day female-focused STEM-based entrepreneurship program, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, young employees’ perception of their current paid jobs, creativity among female learners, cognitive and social conditions, creative self-efficacy, and theory of planned behavior.

Problems are often associated with various problems, but the essence of problematics is to find the best solution with supporting things. Learning the history of literature itself is learning about the origins of or relating to the past about literature. Learning literature from time to time changes and adds to the level of study that is applied, giving rise to various problems in the context of its teaching of both formal and non - formal education. The problems themselves arise from various factors, the quality of learning literature in schools which may be caused by various things such as the curriculum, teachers, students, facilities and infrastructure, and perhaps also from the approach to learning literature itself, and the lack of deepening of the history of literature learning. Thus, to find a solution there is a literature study, including making the school a literary field, innovative learning with changes that are adjusted to the passage of time, as well as various learning approaches in the context of applying the teaching of literary history.

One way to improve the quality of life for the elderly is to do physical exercise. Physical exercise can maintain or improve flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance, agility, strength and balance. Several studies show that physical exercise has a consistent effect in reducing the risk of falls in healthy older adults. Kuptniratsaikul's research in 2009-2010 showed that simple balance exercises carried out by elderly people with a history of falls could reduce the incidence of falls in the elderly and significantly improve body balance. A 2017 Cuevas meta-analysis study showed that balance training programs showed the greatest effect in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly. For elderly people who are not yet able to do balance exercises independently, they need assistance from professional staff. Elderly people are an age group that is vulnerable to falls. The aim of implementing this service is to detect the risk of falls in the elderly and provide assistance with balance exercises as an effort to prevent the risk of falls in the elderly. Falls occur due to an unintentional loss of balance which results in failure of postural stability, or an unexpected and sudden change which results in the position landing on the floor . Associated risk factors include current health status (living in the community, nursing home, hospital, weak or active state), existing diseases (diabetes, hip fracture, stroke) and general changes related to aging (decreased balance, coordination, strength muscle, visual disturbances, etc.). The output targets to be achieved include publication of accredited national journals and copyright for videos of community service activities. The method used is a fall risk detection examination using the Time Up and Go Test and continued by providing balance training, so that elderly people who are at risk of falling can be identified as early as possible so that providing balance training can maintain and improve the elderly's body balance.

This article will examine Islamic counseling associated with the study of philosophy, from the aspects of ontology, epistemology, then axiology. Philosophical values ​​can feed direction and permananan about Islamic counseling. The research method used is literature review or literature study. Integrativity in the main science of Islamic counseling, namely, psychology, communication and Islam. Furthermore, from an epistemology perspective, it is concerned with the implementation and professionalization of the counselor. Then from the aspect of axiology in Islamic counseling which aims to provide assistance provided by counselors to clients in order to find ethical and aesthetic values ​​for the existence of essential (pure) happiness, namely happiness that comes from Allah SWT, the Almighty.

Infeksi nosokomial atau Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) adalah infeksi yang terjadi di rumah sakit dan menyerang pasien yang sedang dalam proses perawatan. Diperkirakan sekitar 1,7  juta pasien yang terkena infeksi nosokomial setiap tahun. Salah satu cara paling efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi nosokomial adalah dengan menjalankan kewaspadaan universal dengan melakukan hand hygiene Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan perawat dengan pelaksanaan standar operasional prosedur mencuci tangan di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD Toto Kabila. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan crossectional studi. Populasi dan Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perawat pelaksana di Instalasi Gawat Darurat yang ditentukan dengan teknik total sampling yaitu 32 perawat pelaksana. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi dan lembar kuisioner. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah perawat yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang sejumlah 14 responden (43,2%) dan dengan tingkat pengetahuan baik dan patuh dalam melaksanakan cuci tangan sesuai SOP berjumlah 18 responden (56,2%) dan untuk responden yang tidak melaksanakan cuci tangan sesuai SOP Berjumlah 11 responden (43,4%)  Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil studi penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan pengetahuan dengan pelaksanaan standar operasional prosedur mencuci tangan menggunakan air mengalir di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD Toto Kabila dengan nilai p value sebesar 0,000 (< α 0,05).