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Management psychology is an important approach in managing educational organizations, as it emphasizes understanding individual behavior, motivation, and patterns of interaction within an institution. In practice, educational management requires not only managerial skills but also insight into psychological factors that influence teachers’ performance, the learning process, and overall organizational dynamics. Therefore, studying management psychology is relevant to examine how these concepts are applied in educational settings. This study aims to explore the development of research on management psychology in the field of education and to identify its role and contribution to improving the effectiveness of educational organizations. The research questions addressed in this study are: (1) how has management psychology been developed in educational research, and (2) how does it contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of organizational management in education? This research employs a qualitative literature review method. The literature search was conducted using the Google Scholar database with the assistance of the Publish or Perish application, using the keyword “management psychology.” From the initial 30 articles identified, a screening and selection process was carried out, resulting in 5 articles that were analyzed in depth. The findings reveal three main themes in the literature: classroom and learning management, leadership in educational organizations, and the development of work environment and human resource performance. These results indicate that management psychology plays a significant role in improving the effectiveness of educational institutions. Therefore, future research is recommended to examine the empirical application of management psychology across various educational organizational contexts in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed how business organizations manage operations, process information, and make strategic decisions, thereby creating a need for leadership patterns that are more adaptive, visionary, and responsive to digital transformation. This study aims to explain the concept of AI Leadership in the business context, identify why modern leadership must adapt to the advancement of AI, and analyze the leadership strategies that are relevant for navigating the era of AI-driven business. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with a narrative-thematic synthesis of relevant open-access scholarly literature on AI Leadership, digital leadership, human–AI collaboration, business transformation, and AI ethics. The findings show that AI Leadership represents a modern form of leadership that emphasizes not only technological understanding but also the ability of leaders to direct organizational change, foster data-driven decision making, manage collaboration between humans and technology, and implement responsible AI governance. The study also finds that the main strategies required by leaders in the AI era include strengthening digital literacy, developing adaptive managerial capabilities, enhancing human–AI collaboration, and integrating ethical principles into technology implementation. This article contributes conceptually by reinforcing AI Leadership as a leadership framework that is highly relevant to modern organizations and offers practical implications for the development of business leadership in the era of digital transformation.

Diarrhea remains a leading cause of mortality among toddlers in Indonesia, with a prevalence reaching 4,9%. In addition to pharmacological management through LINTAS DIARE, non-pharmacological therapies such as baby massage are increasingly being implemented as supportive interventions that families can perform to accelerate recovery. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of baby massage as a complementary therapy in reducing the frequency and intensity of diarrhea in toddlers. The method used involved identifying relevant articles from Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar databases using appropriate keywords. Based on the 6 articles obtained, baby massage significantly (p = 0,000) reduces the frequency and intensity of diarrhea through vagus nerve stimulation, which optimizes intestinal peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Beyond improving defecation patterns, this therapy is proven to significantly increase infant weight, accelerate motor development through central nervous system stimulation, and enhance sleep quality and comfort.

Divorce has become an increasingly common reality in Christian family life and poses serious challenges for the church in carrying out pastoral family ministry. Theologically, divorce stands in tension with Christian ethics, which views marriage as a sacred and covenantal institution established by God. This article aims to analyze Christian ethics regarding divorce from a biblical theological perspective and to examine its implications for family ministry within the context of Ketapang, West Kalimantan. This study employs a qualitative research method with a theological-normative and contextual approach through a literature review of biblical texts, theological books, and scholarly journals. The findings indicate that Scripture affirms marriage as God’s ideal will, while divorce is understood as a consequence of human sinfulness and relational brokenness. In the context of Ketapang, social, economic, and cultural factors contribute significantly to the vulnerability of families to divorce. Therefore, the church is called to develop a contextual family ministry that not only upholds Christian ethical norms but also embodies love, justice, forgiveness, and restoration for broken families. This article emphasizes that Christian ethics concerning divorce must be practiced pastorally and transformatively within the life of the local church.

 This research addresses the growing tendency of contemporary education to prioritize cognitive achievement while marginalizing character formation and spiritual development, resulting in an imbalanced educational paradigm that affects the holistic growth of learners in various educational contexts. In response, the research critically examines the concept and principles of Christian education as articulated by Ignatius Loyola, particularly in relation to contemporary educational challenges and the need for meaningful transformation in learning processes today. The study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, drawing on relevant academic sources such as books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and theological writings to support systematic and critical analysis. The findings indicate that Ignatian educational thought emphasizes holistic human formation through the integration of intellectual, moral, and spiritual dimensions, grounded in the principles of Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam, Cura Personalis, and Find God in All Things, which together foster reflective, value-oriented learning. The study contributes to contemporary educational discourse by offering an alternative framework that promotes holistic development, strengthens character formation, and addresses the limitations of cognitively oriented educational models in diverse educational practices.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed organizational landscapes and driven fundamental changes in leadership practices and strategic management. This article aims to critically examine AI-based leadership by highlighting its opportunities, risks, and implications for strategic management. The study employs a qualitative literature-based approach using an integrative literature review strategy. The data consist of secondary scholarly literature relevant to AI, leadership, governance, innovation, and strategic management, which were analyzed through qualitative thematic analysis and conceptual content analysis. The findings show that AI-based leadership creates opportunities in the form of improved decision quality, faster strategic analysis, operational efficiency, stronger innovation, and enhanced organizational agility. However, AI integration also presents risks, including algorithmic bias, limited decision transparency, technological dependency, accountability challenges, and ethical concerns. This study confirms that AI does not fully replace human leaders; rather, it fosters a hybrid leadership model that requires technical, adaptive, transformational, and ethical capabilities. The study implies that the effectiveness of AI-based leadership depends on responsible governance, organizational cultural readiness, and balanced human–machine collaboration in supporting strategic management.

This study aims to analyze various research results related to the application of context-based mathematics learning in improving students' mathematical literacy. Mathematical literacy is an important skill that enables students to understand, use, and apply mathematical concepts and reasoning in solving various problems related to real life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method. Research data was obtained through a review of various scientific articles relevant to the research topic. The analysis process was carried out in several stages, namely identification of literature sources, selection of articles based on topic suitability, and synthesis of published research findings. The results of the study show that integrating everyday contexts into mathematics learning can improve students' conceptual understanding, mathematical reasoning abilities, and problem-solving skills. Learning that links mathematical material to real-life situations can also help students understand concepts more meaningfully and encourage active engagement in the learning process. The findings of this study provide an overview that the application of mathematics learning based on everyday life contexts can be an effective strategy in improving students' mathematical literacy. Therefore, teachers need to design learning that links mathematical concepts to real-life situations so that students' mathematical literacy skills can develop optimally.

This study aims to identify and analyze the application of Pancasila values in the development of Indonesian tourism as a foundation for ethics and character. The method used is library research, reviewing various relevant written sources, including books, journals, articles, and other academic publications. The findings indicate that globalization exerts both positive and negative influences on Indonesian tourism, while simultaneously opening opportunities for the advancement of more ethical and responsible tourism practices. The integration of Pancasila values within the tourism sector such as mutual cooperation, environmental stewardship, social justice, and respect for cultural diversity can foster sustainable tourism development that balances economic growth with moral responsibility. Furthermore, these values contribute to strengthening national identity, preserving local wisdom, and enhancing community participation in tourism activities. The study also highlights that tourism grounded in Pancasila principles can improve social welfare by empowering local communities and promoting inclusive development. In conclusion, the application of Pancasila principles in tourism development is essential for maintaining a balance between economic progress and socio-cultural preservation, while reinforcing national character and resilience in the face of globalization and rapid global change.

The global ecological crisis is not only a scientific issue but also reflects the decline of human moral and spiritual awareness toward nature. This study aims to examine the acculturation approach of Islam Nusantara in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as an effort to foster students’ ecological awareness. The research employed a qualitative library research method using various relevant sources, including books, national and international journal articles, and educational policy documents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, thematic presentation, and interpretive-analytical conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Islam Nusantara, as a product of the acculturation between universal Islamic values and local Nusantara wisdom, contains various ecological traditions such as sasi, subak, and hutan larangan (forbidden forests), which can be contextually integrated into PAI learning. The developed learning model includes the use of local wisdom as learning resources, participatory project-based learning methods, and thematic Qur’anic interpretation related to environmental issues. The ecotheological approach of Islam Nusantara is considered effective in connecting religious teachings with students’ ecological realities, thereby fostering a religious-ecological character that views environmental preservation as part of worship. Although challenges remain in theological, pedagogical, and institutional aspects, this approach contributes strategically to shaping environmentally responsible Muslim generations.

The digestive system is one of the most abstract and complex topics in high school biology because it involves physiological processes that occur inside the body and cannot be observed directly. This situation calls for the use of instructional media that can help students understand concepts in a more concrete, systematic, and engaging way. This study aims to analyze the effect of interactive multimedia on student learning outcomes regarding the digestive system and to identify the most effective type of multimedia. This study employs a meta-analysis method using secondary data from 20 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. Data were collected through a literature review and systematic review, then analyzed using effect size calculations with Cohen’s and Hedges’ g formulas to determine the effectiveness level of each medium. The results indicate that the use of interactive multimedia generally has a positive effect on student learning outcomes, with most media falling into the high to very high effect size category. Interactive multimedia based on Articulate Storyline was the most effective medium with the highest effect size value of 2.730, followed by Augmented Reality-based E-Magazine at 2.634. These findings indicate that interactive multimedia is effective in facilitating the visualization of concepts and increasing student engagement.  

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the upper trapezius muscle is one of the disorders commonly found in the neck area, characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrP) in taut bands or tight muscle bands. Kinesio taping (KT) is a non-invasive therapy used in the management of MPS of the upper trapezius to improve neck disability measured using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). However, stronger evidence is still needed regarding the effectiveness of KT in reducing neck disability scores in MPS upper trapezius. This study aims to review and analyze the effectiveness of KT on NDI scores in MPS upper trapezius. The research method used is a systematic review employing PRISMA-P and the PICOS framework. The sample and population of the study consist of articles obtained from databases such as Crossref, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Keywords such as "Kinesio Taping," "Myofascial Pain Syndrome," and "Myofascial Trigger Point" were used. The results of the descriptive analysis of the selected articles showed that KT significantly reduced the NDI value in MPS upper trapezius. In conclusion, KT is effective in improving functional disability in the neck caused by MPS upper trapezius, and KT can be a therapeutic option either alone or in combination with other therapies.

Food waste is a global issue that has a major impact on the economy, environment, and food security. The high rate of food waste is directly influenced by food waste behavior. Also, food waste behavior does not just appear, but it is supported by other factors such as food waste knowledge and food preferences. As an effort to prevent the increase in food waste, it is important to know the relationship between these two factors and the occurrence of food waste behavior. The method used is a literature review of open access scientific articles with English language used and published in the period 2015–2025 through the Google Scholar databases. The results of the review show that most studies found a significant relationship between food waste knowledge and food preferences with food waste behavior. However, some studies also showed inconsistent results. Although many studies support the relationship between food waste knowledge and food preferences with food waste behavior, the difference in results also indicates that there are still other factors that are strongly related to food waste behavior, so more comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce the occurrence of food waste behavior.

Corruption remains a persistent challenge in Indonesia because it weakens public trust, undermines welfare, and obstructs equitable development. This article examines how Aristotle’s virtue ethics can contribute to anti-corruption efforts by addressing the moral roots of corrupt behavior. The study argues that corruption is not only a legal or administrative violation but also a failure of character, judgment, and commitment to the common good. Using a qualitative conceptual design, the article employs philosophical analysis, a structured literature review, and Socratic questioning to examine the relationship between virtue, leadership, and public integrity. The analysis identifies three principal roots of corruption: weak moral character, poor ethical judgment, and self-interest over the common good. It shows that Aristotelian ethics offers an integrated response through the cultivation of moral virtue, intellectual virtue, and practical wisdom. The findings suggest that virtue-based ethics is most effective when combined with anti-corruption education, ethical leadership, stronger rule-of-law implementation, and institutional arrangements that reduce opportunities for abuse of power. Aristotle’s framework does not provide a complete solution, but it offers a valuable normative foundation for strengthening ethical public culture in Indonesia.

Trade secrets are a type of Intellectual Property Right that plays a crucial role in providing legal protection for business information with economic value and kept confidential by its owner. In the food industry, recipes not only serve as production guidelines but also serve as a business's identity and competitive advantage. Legal issues can arise if the recipe is used or owned by others without permission, especially when conflicts arise within the business or during competition. This situation can trigger trade secret disputes that can be detrimental to business owners, both financially and sustainably. This article discusses the position of fried chicken recipes as trade secrets in culinary business practices in Indonesia and the forms of legal protection available to rights holders. The discussion was conducted based on the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2000 concerning Trade Secrets, using a normative approach. The analysis shows that a fried chicken recipe falls into the trade secret category if it meets the requirements of being unknown to the public, having economic value, and being strictly maintained by the business owner. Therefore, legal protection for trade secrets is crucial to prevent unfair business competition and provide legal certainty and protection for culinary businesses in Indonesia  

Young people often respond to stress through maladaptive patterns such as self-blame, avoidance, emotional withdrawal, and catastrophic thinking. These responses may provide temporary psychological protection, but they can also weaken emotional regulation, resilience, and interpersonal functioning over time. This study examines how Plato’s concept of eudaimonia and Jung’s analytical psychology can be integrated to interpret and address maladaptive responses in youth. Using a qualitative conceptual design supported by exploratory survey data, the study develops an interpretive framework that connects Jungian self-awareness with Platonic virtue-based self-regulation. The survey findings indicate that self-critical and avoidant tendencies were common among respondents, suggesting that many participants struggled to manage stress in reflective and constructive ways. In response, the article argues that Jung’s emphasis on recognizing hidden emotions and inner conflict can deepen psychological insight, while Plato’s emphasis on reason, virtue, and moral formation can guide individuals toward more balanced coping. The study contributes a humanistic framework for youth stress management that links emotional awareness, ethical self-governance, and personal flourishing. It also offers practical implications for educators, counselors, and families seeking more integrative approaches to youth well-being.

Christian leadership rooted in John 15:1 8 and 13 17 depicts Jesus as the true vine, where leaders, as branches, must abide (remain attached) in Him (Jesus Christ) to bear abundant fruit through divine vision, moral integrity, and passionate service. This analysis explores how the vine metaphor shapes a leadership model that depends on an intimate (attached) relationship with Christ, producing fruit in daily life and ministry. The relationship between the vine and the branches reflects the necessity for church leaders to rely on Christ for guidance, strength, and the ability to serve others effectively. The model emphasizes the importance of nurturing personal spiritual growth, cultivating virtues that align with God’s purpose, and fostering a ministry focused on service and integrity. These principles are relevant for Indonesian church leaders who are called to integrate their faith with contextual ministry. By examining the passage through exegesis and literature review, this article provides insights on developing a Christ centered approach to leadership.

Islamization in Sambas, West Kalimantan, represents a historical and evolving process influenced by trade routes, the political dynamics of local kingdoms, and the transmission of Islamic knowledge through networks of scholars and local intellectuals. This process extended beyond the mere dissemination of religious teachings, encompassing significant social, cultural, and educational transformations within the community. A central figure in this Islamization process was Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885–1976), the Maharaja Imam of the Sambas Sultanate, who played a pivotal role in reforming Islamic education and strengthening religious understanding among the local population. This article employs a historical-qualitative approach and library research to trace the trajectory of Islamization in Sambas while analyzing Basiuni Imran’s contributions within the socio-cultural context of the region. The findings reveal that Basiuni Imran’s thought reinforced Islamization through the modernization of Islamic education, the integration of Sharia with local customs, and the establishment of adaptive religious structures, thereby significantly shaping the religious life of the Sambas community from the colonial period to the early years of Indonesia’s independence.

This study examines the meaning of eschatology in the teachings of the Catholic Church as a source of hope and comfort for the faithful. The eschatological meaning of comfort and hope is rooted in the belief that human life is not completed in limitations, suffering, and death at this time, but leads to the fulfillment of God's promise of life with Him. This research uses a qualitative method through literature study by analyzing church documents, theological thoughts and execes from books and articles to compile and present the topic of this research. The results show that the principle of eschatology is rooted in belief in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, and that it affirms the promise of eternal life and provides comfort and hope over suffering and death. The teachings of death, judgment, and eternal life are the basis of hope as well as comfort for the people in facing the various crises of life. In addition, eschatology is also relevant in today's life because it encourages people to live in love, justice, and moral responsibility as a manifestation of faith.  

This article discusses strengthening civic identity through multicultural education based on local wisdom in Gorontalo Regency. The main problem raised is how local culture, although recognized as a symbol of regional identity, has not been fully translated into an inclusive and reflective pedagogical design to shape students' civic awareness. This study uses a qualitative case study design based on document analysis, with data sources in the form of indexed journal articles, regional official publications, and educational documents published in 2021–2026. The focus of the study is directed at educational practices in Limboto and Dungaliyo. The data was selected purposively based on relevance, credibility, and thematic proximity, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show three main findings: first, huyula local wisdom as the value of mutual cooperation, solidarity, and collective responsibility functions as a cultural bridge that connects social diversity with civic disposition. Second, multicultural education is more effective when local values are explicitly integrated into classroom interactions, school habituation, collaborative work, and reflective discussions. Third, challenges arise because many local values are still implicitly practiced so that they have not yet formed a reflective citizenship consciousness. This article concludes the need for a shift from symbolic recognition to structured pedagogical design through curriculum contextualization, teacher mediation, and school-to-community partnerships.

This study aims to examine and review the impact of language learning through text-based methods on the cognitive abilities of elementary school students. The research approach used is a qualitative study with the main instrument being the researcher, and supporting instruments including observation, interviews, and documentation of student learning outcomes at the elementary school level. Research data was obtained from various library sources, such as books, scientific articles, national and international journals, and other relevant scientific works related to text-based learning and student cognitive development. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Indonesian language learning with text-based methods has a diverse impact on students. Differences in learning outcomes are not only influenced by the strategies and learning processes implemented by teachers, but are also closely related to students' cognitive abilities in understanding, interpreting, and processing information from Indonesian texts. Thus, text-based methods need to be adapted to the characteristics and levels of students' cognitive abilities so that learning objectives can be optimally achieved.