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This study investigates the influence of sustainable leadership and customer-oriented culture on employee performance at PT Krakatau Sarana Properti (PT KSP), a subsidiary of PT Krakatau Steel operating in Indonesia’s commercial property sector. Amid rapid globalization and technological change, organizations are compelled to foster adaptive cultures and leadership approaches that ensure both operational excellence and long-term sustainability. Drawing on Organizational Behavior and the Resource-Based View, this research positions sustainable leadership as a strategic resource that not only directly enhances employee performance but also shapes a customer-oriented culture—an intangible asset vital for organizational competitiveness. Employing a quantitative, explanatory research design, data were collected from 95 employees using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that sustainable leadership has a significant positive impact on employee performance and customer-oriented culture. Additionally, customer-oriented culture exerts a strong influence on employee performance and partially mediates the relationship between sustainable leadership and employee performance. These results underscore the importance of integrating sustainability principles into leadership practices and embedding customer-centric values throughout the organization. The study provides both theoretical and practical contributions, offering a more holistic understanding of how sustainable leadership and organizational culture jointly drive superior performance. For PT KSP and similar organizations, investing in sustainable leadership development and cultivating a customer-oriented culture are recommended strategies to enhance employee motivation, adaptability, and long-term competitive advantage in a dynamic business environment.

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of foreign language learning and its impact on their readiness to enter the international job market. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through questionnaires distributed to 100 students from various study programs across multiple faculties. The study explored students’ experiences in learning foreign languages, including perceived challenges, motivations, and the effectiveness of teaching strategies applied in the classroom. The findings indicate that foreign language proficiency has a positive correlation with students’ confidence levels, especially when facing cross-border professional challenges, international collaboration, and communication with global stakeholders. Students reported that while foreign language learning at the university is generally effective, there are areas for improvement, particularly regarding the integration of real-world contexts, industry-specific vocabulary, and interactive practice opportunities. Furthermore, the study revealed that students value opportunities for cultural exposure, international internships, and collaboration with foreign peers as part of their learning experience. Based on these findings, universities are recommended to adopt strategies such as curriculum integration, practice-based teaching methods, interdisciplinary projects, and strengthening international partnerships to better prepare students for global employment. The study concludes that foreign language mastery is not only a linguistic skill but also an essential social, cultural, and professional capital that enhances graduates’ competitiveness in the global job market. Ultimately, developing comprehensive language skills, combined with intercultural competence, will equip students with the adaptability, confidence, and communication abilities required to thrive in diverse international work environments.

his study aims to explore the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies within the e-commerce supply chain using a systematic and comprehensive Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. By critically analysing a broad range of recent studies, it systematically identifies implementation patterns, integration barriers, and strategic opportunities that support efficiency and adaptability in digital supply chains. Findings reveal that IoT plays a pivotal role in enhancing logistics operations, inventory management accuracy, and responsiveness to dynamic market demands through real-time data monitoring. Key challenges include data security vulnerabilities, high initial investment costs, and the complexity of system interoperability. Nevertheless, the long-term benefits underscore the strategic potential of IoT as a transformative component in sustainable e-commerce supply chain development. This review contributes both theoretically and practically to policy development, technological investment strategies, and the design of adaptive IoT-based supply chain models.

The digital competency gap between vocational school graduates and the rapidly evolving demands of modern industry has become a pressing issue in today’s workforce. One of the main challenges lies in the limited digital literacy and insufficient practical skills of students, particularly in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to support productivity and creativity. This situation hinders the readiness of graduates to compete in an AI-driven labor market, where innovation and technological adaptability are essential. To address this challenge, a training program was designed for vocational high school students at Darma Siswa Sidoarjo with the primary objective of enhancing both their conceptual understanding and practical competencies in the utilization of AI technologies. The program adopted the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, emphasizing collaboration and active engagement between trainers and students. It was conducted through a series of interactive workshops that combined theoretical introductions with hands-on practice. Students were guided to explore AI-based platforms such as Ideogram for visual creativity, PixVerse for multimedia production, and Suno for AI-generated music. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, pre-test and post-test instruments were used, focusing on the dimensions of knowledge, technical skills, and student confidence in using AI tools. The findings revealed that students initially demonstrated minimal awareness and limited practical ability in AI applications, as reflected in the pre-test results. However, post-test data showed a significant improvement not only in their technical proficiency but also in their enthusiasm to further explore AI technologies. Moreover, students gained increased confidence in producing creative outputs, transforming their role from passive consumers of digital tools into active and competent content creators. In conclusion, this participatory and practice-oriented training model effectively bridges the digital competency gap, enhances students’ job readiness, and fosters an innovative mindset.

This study aims to examine the implications of Minister of Finance Regulation (PMK) Number 37 of 2025 on the national fiscal balance and the resilience of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the context of the rapid development of e-commerce in Indonesia. This PMK introduces a collect at the source mechanism, which is the appointment of certain marketplaces as collectors of Income Tax (PPh) Article 22 on online merchant transactions. This policy is seen as one of the strategic steps to expand the digital tax base, improve fiscal efficiency, and support the principle of compliance by design. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through documentation studies of official government documents, academic literature, and relevant publications. The results of the study show that the implementation of PMK 37/2025 has the potential to have a positive impact on state revenue through digital taxation optimization. In addition, this policy can strengthen the fiscal balance by minimizing the potential for tax avoidance in the growing digital economy sector. However, on the other hand, the policy also poses a number of challenges for MSMEs, especially related to administrative readiness, limited fiscal literacy, and adaptability to the tax digitalization system. For most MSMEs, additional tax liabilities can be a burden that affects cash flow, competitiveness, and business sustainability, especially for MSMEs that are still in the growth stage and have limited resources. The policy implications identified include the importance of improving fiscal education and literacy programs, the development of user-friendly digital reporting systems, and active collaboration between fiscal authorities, marketplaces, and MSME actors. Thus, the success of the implementation of PMK 37/2025 is not only determined by regulations, but also by the extent to which the policy is able to be implemented in an inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable manner in supporting national economic development.

In the era of digital transformation, public bureaucracies face increasingly complex demands to become more adaptive, responsive, and efficient in meeting evolving public expectations. This change is increasingly crucial in newly autonomous regions such as Southwest Papua Province, which are building their governance systems from scratch. This research aims to examine the implementation of Agile Governance in accelerating public services, specifically by examining the extent to which agile principles such as flexibility, cross-actor collaboration, and continuous iteration have been applied within the regional bureaucracy. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a desk study method based on secondary data sourced from policy documents, institutional reports, relevant regulations, and the latest scientific literature. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to identify themes, patterns, and gaps in policy implementation. The results indicate that the implementation of Agile Governance in Southwest Papua remains limited, partial, and has not been systematically integrated into the regional bureaucratic framework. Current efforts to digitize public services emphasize technical aspects, but are not supported by adequate regulations, robust digital infrastructure, or strengthened human resource capacity. This results in the implementation of agile principles such as transparency, adaptability, and collaboration not being fully reflected in bureaucratic practices. This study concludes that the successful implementation of Agile Governance requires comprehensive institutional transformation, increased adaptive capacity of the apparatus, and contextualized governance design tailored to the needs of the new autonomous region. The study's contribution is to provide an empirical and conceptual foundation for promoting bureaucratic reform in Southwest Papua while enriching academic literature in the field of adaptive public administration, particularly within the framework of digital and agile governance.

In the current digital era, managing sales transactions manually is inefficient and prone to recording errors. This research aims to develop a web-based Point of Sale (POS) application for the Phi Phi Thai business using the Extreme Programming (XP) software development methodology. XP was chosen for its support of rapid iteration, adaptability to changing user requirements, and strong collaboration between developers and stakeholders. The developed application includes key features such as user registration and login, product ordering, menu and customer management, expense tracking, and financial and sales reporting. Testing was conducted using the Black Box Testing method to ensure that all functionalities performed according to specifications. The implementation results indicate that the application improves operational efficiency, reduces transaction errors, and provides real-time information for business owners to support better decision-making. Furthermore, the application of Extreme Programming (XP) methodology in the development process allows time for regular evaluation and refinement of the application based on feedback from end users. Each iteration produces a version of the software that can be immediately tested and used, minimizing the risk of system failure during final implementation. This approach also encourages lightweight yet relevant documentation and open communication between the technical team and business owners. Thus, the developed Point of Sale application not only meets current functional requirements but also has a high degree of flexibility for further development as Phi Phi Thai's business grows in the future.

In recent years, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have increasingly positioned themselves as one of the main pillars of the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to employment opportunities, income distribution, and economic resilience. In the local context, Cifest Cikarang Selatan represents a dynamic marketplace where various MSMEs operate and directly interact with consumers. An interesting phenomenon emerges during holiday periods, when consumer behavior shows significant changes, especially in terms of purchasing methods and preferences between online and offline channels. This study aims to explore the transformation of consumer behavior, focusing on the comparative analysis of online and offline purchases, and to evaluate its broader implications for the sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs operating at Cifest. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, using both recent statistical data and supporting literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the digital era’s influence on shopping patterns. The findings reveal that online purchases continue to grow rapidly due to convenience, wider product access, and promotional offers that attract customers. However, offline purchases remain relevant, particularly for consumers who value direct product inspection, immediate ownership, and social interaction within traditional marketplaces. For MSMEs, this shift presents both challenges and opportunities. Those that rely solely on conventional offline strategies risk losing competitiveness, while those able to integrate digital platforms with traditional sales methods demonstrate greater adaptability and potential for growth. Overall, this study concludes that the sustainability of MSMEs in Cifest Cikarang Selatan depends largely on their ability to embrace digital transformation without neglecting the strengths of offline interactions. By leveraging both channels strategically, MSMEs can not only survive but also thrive in the increasingly competitive market landscape shaped by evolving consumer behavior.

The purpose of this study is to assess how important attitudes are in relation to the career adaptability of PT. Lima Berjaya Persada Kutorejo - Mojokerto. The respondents in this study who work at PT. Lima Berjaya Persada Kutorejo - Mojokerto, was given a total of 49 questionnaires. Saturated sampling and sampling methods used in this kind of quantitative research. As a result, 49 employees were used as research samples. The data analysis method used is descriptive statistical analysis, especially the SEM-PlS test. Software called Smart Pls 4.0 is used to help with data processing. Analysis of external models (measurement models) used to analyze data. This study uses validity and reliability tests. The following in-depth analysis of the model (structural model evaluation) includes model quality testing (fit model), the use of a bootstrapping approach to test hypotheses, and cross-validation redundancy assessment (Q2). The test results showed that: 1) attitude had a significant and positive influence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior; 2) attitudes have a considerable influence on career adaptability; and 3) organizational citizenship behavior has a great influence on career adaptability. This study provides additional information for interested parties in the world of work about  the influence of attitude on career adaptability through organizational citizenship behavior (ocb) of PT. Lima Berjaya Persada Kutorejo- Mojokerto. In addition, this research is also expected to be a guideline, reference, or reference for future research, The results of this research are expected to be useful for readers and add insight about  the influence of attitude on career adaptability through the organizational citizenship behavior (ocb) of PT. Lima Berjaya Persada Kutorejo – Mojokerto.

Mandarin Chinese teaching by non-native teachers is crucial in global education, given the complexity of the language and culture that require in-depth mastery. This study examines the roles, characteristics, challenges, and effective teaching strategies implemented by non-native Mandarin Chinese teachers. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical literature review, this study collected data from accredited journals and books from online databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and national journal portals. The results show that non-native teachers are required to have strong linguistic mastery, comprehensive Mandarin Chinese language skills, a deep understanding of Chinese culture, as well as pedagogical and psychological competencies, including the ability to manage classes and utilize modern technology. Characteristics of effective non-native teachers include sensitivity to observation, critical analysis skills, creativity, good communication, and adaptability. Mandarin Chinese training, such as at LKP AEC Semarang, has proven important to improve the competence of non-native teachers through planned, interactive learning structures and continuous evaluation. A comparison of the effectiveness between native and non-native teachers shows differences; native teachers excel in language mastery and higher student grades, while non-native teachers are more effective in explaining the material in depth with patience. The role of non-native teachers is crucial and integral, encompassing motivator, facilitator, role model, learning designer, and evaluator. Non-native teachers also face challenges such as pronunciation and writing difficulties, limited media resources, lack of confidence, and cultural differences. Solutions include the use of digital media, interactive learning strategies, and professional training. Overall, non-native teachers play a fundamental role in Mandarin Chinese language teaching and have the potential for success. With a strong foundation of materials, innovative strategies, adequate training support, and high self-confidence, they can enhance student interest and understanding, although challenges must be addressed strategically.  

This study examines the practice of reciprocity within the persatuan barang (goods-sharing) group during the implementation of the rewang tradition in Desa Banglas, Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti. The main focus of the research is to identify the various forms of exchange that occur, whether in the form of money, goods, or labor. A narrative qualitative approach was used, with data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, archival review, and documentation of bookkeeping records. The subjects of this research are members of the persatuan barang group who actively participate in social and cultural events in the village. The findings reveal three types of reciprocity: generalized, balanced, and negative. Generalized reciprocity is evident in voluntary contributions without expecting immediate return, often practiced among close kin or neighbors. Balanced reciprocity is demonstrated through exchanges of equal value with a certain expectation of timely return, particularly during communal events like weddings or funerals. Negative reciprocity, although rare, involves unequal exchanges that may lead to social tensions or perceptions of unfairness. These findings indicate that the persatuan barang group functions not only as an informal economic mechanism but also as a cultural institution that fosters mutual assistance, reinforces social cohesion, and preserves traditional values. The exchange systems operate within an implicit moral economy that prioritizes collective welfare over individual gain. Additionally, the tradition of rewang and the organizational role of persatuan barang highlight the resilience and adaptability of indigenous practices in supporting rural livelihoods amid changing socioeconomic conditions. The study suggests that such local systems of reciprocity play a vital role in sustaining social capital, strengthening community identity, and ensuring social security in the absence of formal welfare structures. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of these practices on community resilience and rural development.  

This study was conducted at Family Pharmacy in Pekanbaru City with the objective of examining the relationship between emotional intelligence and work stress, as well as their combined effect on employee performance. The research population consisted of all 150 employees in the production department. Using the Slovin formula, a sample of 60 respondents was selected through accidental sampling. Data collection was carried out via an online questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. The analytical methods employed were correlation analysis to assess the relationship between variables and multiple linear regression to measure their simultaneous influence on performance. The results indicated a negative relationship between emotional intelligence and work stress, meaning that employees with higher emotional intelligence tended to experience lower levels of work stress. Furthermore, when examined together, emotional intelligence and work stress had a significant impact on employee performance. Specifically, these two variables contributed 47.4% to the variance in performance, while the remaining 52.6% was influenced by other factors not addressed in this study. The findings highlight the importance of emotional intelligence as a critical factor in managing workplace stress and enhancing performance, especially in the pharmaceutical industry where precision, cooperation, and adaptability are essential. Improving employees’ emotional intelligence may serve as a strategic approach to reducing work-related stress and fostering better performance outcomes. Organizations are therefore encouraged to invest in training and development programs that emphasize emotional regulation, empathy, interpersonal skills, and effective communication. Future research should consider incorporating additional variables such as work motivation, organizational culture, leadership style, and job satisfaction to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the determinants of employee performance. Expanding the research scope to different departments and industries could also provide broader insights into how emotional intelligence and work stress interact across diverse work settings.

This literature review investigates the influence of fair value accounting (FVA) on enhancing financial transparency, particularly within the evolving context of digital assets. By analyzing 103 peer-reviewed articles, the study evaluates how FVA facilitates automated, real-time, and market-based disclosures. It identifies FVA as a tool for increasing investor trust and improving the clarity of financial statements by aligning valuations with current market conditions. The review also highlights the specific challenges of applying FVA to decentralized and volatile digital assets such as cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Although FVA contributes to more transparent and relevant reporting, the implementation of FVA for digital assets is hindered by several critical issues. These include inconsistent valuation methodologies, lack of standardized regulatory guidance, susceptibility to market manipulation, and technological limitations in tracking asset value across decentralized platforms. Furthermore, the rapid pace of innovation in digital finance outstrips the adaptability of existing accounting standards and legal frameworks, creating a gap that weakens the consistency of fair value assessments. The review proposes the integration of FVA within a broader theory of decision-making under uncertainty, emphasizing the need for adaptive and digitization-responsive accounting practices. It suggests practical frameworks that align valuation procedures with the unique characteristics of digital assets while ensuring compliance with emerging regulations. This research encourages ongoing examination and policy innovation to ensure that FVA continues to support transparency and informed decision-making in a dynamic financial landscape.

Improvement amount Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in cloud infrastructure and edge computing demands solution adaptive, distributed, and efficient detection in a way computing. Research This propose an optimized Federated Learning (FL) based DDoS detection model using Centroid Opposition-Based Bacterial Colony Optimization (COBCO) to training the Elman Neural Network (ENN). The proposed architecture consists of of two components Main: on the edge node side, a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network–Gated Recurrent Unit (CNN–GRU) model is used to extraction feature local from traffic data network, while on the server side, model parameters from each node are collected and used for training an optimized ENN with COBCO. Approach This aim increase accuracy detection at a time maintain efficiency local data communication and privacy. In progress experimental, model tested use three benchmark datasets: NSL-KDD, CICIDS2017, and CICDDoS2019. The preprocessing process includes feature encoding categorical, normalization numeric, class balancing using SMOTE, as well as validation cross (k-fold). Initial results show that combination of FL, CNN–GRU, and COBCO–ENN produces improvement significant in accuracy and time convergence compared to approach conventional such as PSO, GA, and non- federative models. In addition, the proposed model capable maintain performance detection tall although executed in edge environment with limitations source Power.  Study This give contribution important in development system scalable, privacy-preserving, and adaptive intelligent DDoS detection to dynamics Then cross modern network. Integration of FL and COBCO in ENN training shows potential big for used in implementation real in cloud-edge infrastructure. In addition, the proposed model demonstrates strong scalability and adaptability, making it highly suitable for dynamic and evolving network environments.

Digital transformation in the world of education is a strategic step to improve efficiency and quality of services, including in terms of attendance recording. This study aims to examine the change in the manual attendance system to digital in an effort to improve the quality of learning documentation at PPTQ Al Huda. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to teachers and academic staff. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of digital attendance has been significantly beneficial for the majority of respondents. This system is considered more practical, accurate, and efficient than manual methods. Digital attendance not only makes it easier to record student attendance, but also strengthens transparency, accountability, and supports data-based decision making. In addition, this system plays a role in improving student discipline and responsibility. Digital attendance has also been proven to reduce the practice of asking for attendance, minimize recording errors, and facilitate real-time data access by Islamic boarding school administrators. Ease of use and convenience of the system are also supporting factors for successful implementation. Moreover, the adoption of digital attendance encourages the development of a technology-based culture within the institution. It fosters digital literacy among educators and students, enhancing their adaptability to technology in daily academic routines. This transformation aligns with the broader educational goal of integrating technology to create a modern, effective, and sustainable learning environment. Therefore, the shift to a digital attendance system is not only a technical innovation but also a reflection of institutional commitment to continuous improvement and educational excellence. This innovation proves to be a relevant and strategic solution for strengthening educational administration in Islamic boarding schools.

Human resources are a crucial asset for organizations, as their competence and professionalism greatly influence employee performance and the achievement of organizational objectives. At the MKG Office of Region III, several performance issues have been identified, including skill mismatches, high absenteeism rates as an indicator of low professionalism, and limited adaptability to information technology systems. These challenges underscore the need for strategic human resource development. This study aims to analyze the impact of competence and professionalism on employee performance, with information technology mastery serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative research approach was applied, involving all 115 employees as respondents through questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Path analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the variables. The findings reveal that both competence and professionalism have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Furthermore, these variables also positively affect information technology mastery, which in turn significantly improves performance. The analysis demonstrates that information technology mastery mediates the relationship between competence and professionalism with employee performance, indicating the importance of digital skills in modern workplaces. In conclusion, enhancing competence and professionalism, alongside strengthening information technology mastery, is essential for improving employee performance at the MKG Office of Region III. The study recommends implementing strategic human resource programs that focus on digital proficiency to support organizational effectiveness and adaptability in the digital era.

The rapid advancement of information technology has brought significant transformation across multiple sectors, including library management systems. One of the pressing needs in higher education libraries is the development of an efficient, accurate, and secure borrowing system that reduces human error and improves service quality. This study aims to design and implement a book borrowing system for the STMIK Kaputama library by utilizing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed system employs the ESP32 microcontroller as the core controller, supported by the RFID RC522 module and buzzer as primary devices to facilitate the automatic identification of library members and borrowed books. The borrowing and returning process is executed through RFID card scanning, with all transaction data transmitted via WiFi and stored in a MySQL database, which is managed through a PHP-based web platform. The development process follows the Agile methodology, enabling iterative improvement and adaptability to user requirements. System testing demonstrates that the integration of RFID and IoT technology significantly enhances the efficiency, accuracy, and speed of library operations compared to the previous manual system. Furthermore, the system allows real-time recording of borrowing transactions, monitoring of user activities, and centralized data management. These features not only streamline library services but also improve data security and reduce the risk of loss or duplication of records. Overall, the implementation of this RFID-IoT-based system provides an innovative solution for modernizing library management, particularly in higher education institutions. The system ensures faster services, minimizes errors, and creates a structured and reliable digital infrastructure to support academic information services. This study highlights the potential of combining RFID and IoT technologies to improve the quality and effectiveness of library systems in the digital era.

The first year of college is a critical transition period that can affect students’ motivation, stress levels, and risk of dropping out. This study aimed to determine the effect of psycho-education focusing on self-awareness on the social adaptability of 2024 Diploma III Nursing students. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach was applied. The population consisted of 190 students, with 20 participants selected through purposive random sampling. The intervention involved eight 60-minute psycho-educational sessions designed to help students recognize, understand, and reflect on their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in social contexts. The program was conducted from March 28 to May 3, 2025. Social adaptation was measured using the SACQ questionnaire, which demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.877). Results from the paired t-test revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and an average score increase of -12.050. These findings indicate that self-awareness interventions positively influence social adaptability, enabling first-year students to build relationships, adjust to new cultures, and face academic and social challenges more effectively. The study recommends implementing psycho-education programs as part of campus initiatives to strengthen social adaptation skills and provide preventive support for first-year students.

This study explores the effectiveness of role play as a teaching method to enhance students' speaking skills in professional secretarial contexts, specifically in business telephone conversations, presentations, and negotiations. The research was conducted within the Diploma III Secretarial Program over one academic semester. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study involved classroom observations and student reflections gathered through feedback sessions. The objective was to assess how role play could contribute to the development of fluency, confidence, and contextual language use in English for specific professional purposes. The findings revealed that role play significantly improved students' speaking performance. Students showed greater confidence in expressing ideas, improved fluency, and a better understanding of appropriate vocabulary and expressions suited to professional environments. Furthermore, students expressed that the interactive and practical nature of role play made learning more enjoyable and less intimidating, allowing them to immerse themselves in real-life communication scenarios. These positive experiences encouraged active participation and increased motivation to learn English for professional use. The study also highlighted the value of reflective learning, as students were able to identify their own progress and areas for improvement. Through continuous engagement in simulated professional tasks, learners developed better adaptability in communication and exhibited more natural conversational flow during tasks that mirrored real workplace situations. In conclusion, the role play method proves to be a highly effective pedagogical tool for enhancing speaking skills in secretarial English. It not only helps build linguistic competence but also cultivates soft skills necessary for professional communication. Therefore, it is recommended that educators incorporate role play regularly in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curricula to maximize its benefits in developing productive speaking abilities among students.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Canva and Nearpod digital platforms in supporting the strengthening of students' character at the elementary school level. Character education is a fundamental aspect in the formation of students' personalities who have integrity, toughness, and adaptability to the development of the times. In the digital era, interactive learning media is an important means to instill character values in a more interesting and contextual way. The method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles, with the research subjects consisting of teachers, class V students, and students' parents. The learning process is designed to blend character education content with the use of Canva as a creative visual medium, as well as Nearpod as an interactive presentation tool that allows students to be active through online quizzes, assignments, and reflections. The results of the study showed a marked increase in students' learning motivation, attitude of responsibility, discipline, cooperation in groups, and the ability to make decisions independently. Parental involvement in digital learning also supports the consistency of character strengthening at home. However, the study also noted several challenges, such as the limitations of technological devices, unstable internet networks, and variations in students' and parents' digital literacy abilities. Recommended solutions include intensive training for teachers in the use of digital media, improved support facilities in schools, as well as a collaborative approach between teachers and parents. Thus, the integrated use of Canva and Nearpod not only supports mastery of academic materials, but also significantly strengthens students' character values holistically. This study is expected to be a reference in the development of digital learning innovations oriented towards character education at the elementary level.