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Introduction: Head injury is a traumatic disorder of brain function that does not result in a disconnection of brain continuity and can occur with or without interstitial hemorrhage of the brain substance. Purpose:Acute pain is one of the nursing problems experienced by patients with head injuries. To analyze the application of finger hold therapy interventions in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries. Research methods: is Pre Experimental, which is a design with a One group pre test post test design approach, when this study was carried out from December 21, 2022 to January 23, 2023, with a sample of 6 patients. Research Results: The frequency of patients who experienced moderate pain levels before treatment was 4 patients (66.7.7%), and severe pain levels were 2 patients (33.3%) while the distribution of psien frequency who experienced mild pain levels after treatment was 3 respondents (50.0%), moderate pain levels were 1 patient (16.7%) and berst pain levels were 2 patients (33.3%). This shows that there is no change in pain levels in patients with severe pain scales, because finger hold terap cannot be applied to patients with severe pain levels.Conclusion :This study showed that there is an effect of finger hold therapy in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries

Earthquake disasters often have a significant impact on society, not only physically but also pshychologically and economically. Post disaster recovery not only requires efforts tto rebuild physical infrastructure, but also needs to pay serious attention to individual psychological recovery and entrepreneurial assistance for victims. Psychological recovery for Cugenang resident is an important aspect in restoring the mental well-being of individuals and communities affected by the earthquake. Counselling and trauma therapy is carried out in the community as well as children by the service team. Entrepreneurship assistance is also an important factor in rebuilding the economic sustainability of the community after the Cianjur Cugenang earthquake. This on going assistance needs to be carried out so that the recovery process also runs well and quickly.

The challenges of the 21st century nursing world demand that nursing educators be able to prepare future nurses who can adapt to changes in the health care system, new technologies, changes in information systems (computerized), changes in pharmacological therapy, increased workload for nurses, increased infectious diseases in the community. , increasing cases of antibiotic-resistant infections, increasing aging population, and increasing number of chronic and co-morbid conditions (Aiken, Clarke, Cheung, Sloane, & Silber, 2003). Nurse educators are responsible for preparing graduates who can adapt to this rapidly changing health system. The simulation learning strategy is proposed as a suitable method to overcome this problem and can bridge the gap between education and clinical practice in hospitals. This literature search aims to analyze the results of related research that focuses on the effect of Simulation-Based Learning on the critical thinking of nursing students. This study was conducted using the review method of research results from 2010 – 2020 which have been published in electronic media such as ProQuest, Pubmed, and CINAHL. The number of journals obtained was 10 journals and 6 of them met the criteria. The conclusion of the research results obtained was that simulation is an interactive teaching-learning process, learning knowledge about critical care from a simulation of real patient situations, learning clinical skills and presenting holistic patient care by playing a role , and bridging the theory-practice gap to enhance critical thinking. In addition, simulations can hone critical thinking skills through feedback from simulators and monitor displays, develop communication skills through teamwork, and improve task delegation skills in complex situations.

Pneumonia is a respiratory tract infection that causes coughing, difficulty breathing, sore throat, runny nose, earache, and fever, that caused by various kinds of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This study aims to determine the accuracy of drug use in pneumonia patients based on indicators of the right dose, the right frequency and the right indication of the drug in the Inpatient Room of Anutapura Hospital Palu. This study was carried out using a cross sectional where data were collected retrospectively based on medical record data of ARI (Pneumonia) patients using a minimized sampling technique namely 30 samples based on the inclusion criteria. The results of this study showed that the most pneumonia patients were male, as many as 20 patients (67%). Meanwhile, based on the age range, the most age group affected namely the age of 1- 5 years, as many as 21 patients (70%). The results also showed that the most widely pneumonia drug used were antibiotics (32%), analgesics antipyretics (22%), corticosteroids (17%), and mucolytics (13%). This is in accordance with the recommendation of therapy from the Director General of Community and Clinical Bimfar 2005.

Spinal pain in pregnancy is caused by hormonal, musculoskeletal, and stressful changes. Spinal pain in pregnancy if left untreated will have an impact on the quality of life and daily activities of pregnant women The management of spinal pain in pregnancy can include pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological pain management is warm water therapy. Warm water therapy provides the effect of rirelaxation, vasodilation of blood vessels, removes metabolic waste that is no longer in use, and reduces muscle spasmsThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of warm water therapy on reducing spinal pain in pregnant women at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022 This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design non-equivalent with one group pre-test post-test. The total population of 64 respondents with a sample of 30 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, the independent variable was warm water therapy and the dependent variable was the reduction of spinal pain in pregnant women. The results of the spinal pain scale study before warm water therapy were carried out on a moderate pain scale (4-6) there were 15 respondents with a percentage (50%). And after a warm compress was carried out, there were 18 respondents with a percentage (60%). The result of p value is 0.000 (<0.05), so Ha is accepted. There is an effect of providing warm water therapy on reducing spinal pain in pregnant women at the Rsu at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022The conclusion of this study is the effect of warm water therapy on reducing bone pain in pregnant women at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022. It is hoped that there will be further research on other non-pharmacological techniques against spinal pain in pregnancy.

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic disorders due to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, characterized by hyperglycemia which is results in long-term microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic complications. Oral antidiabetic therapy is the main pharmacological therapy to treat type II diabetes mellitus. This therapy can be oral antidiabetic therapy. Thus, to find out the effectiveness of either combination or single of antidiabetics on diabetes mellitus patients, researchers conducted a studies of inpatients at RSUD Madiun.             This study included as non-experimental observational study with a cross-sectional study design at RSUD Caruban. Data were collected from Medical Records in October 2018. The sampling method that used in this study was non probability with purposive sampling technique, so there are 58 patients as a total sample.             The results showed that the effectiveness of controlling blood sugar levels when using an effective single ADO was Metformin, because Metfomin was able to reduce blood sugar levels with an average length of stay of 6.17 and the effectiveness of controlling blood sugar levels when using an effective combination of ADO was Metformin and acarbosa, because Metfomin and acarbosa are able to reduce blood sugar  average length of stay 7 days inpatient.

Hypertension is an increasingly important medical and public health problem. Prevention and management of hypertension is a major public health challenge. Many cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and hypertension can be prevented by implementing medication through routine control and realizing the importance of a healthy lifestyle. The method used is to provide education and demonstration of non-pharmacological therapy about melon juice. Melon juice therapy can be used as an alternative therapy in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. which is easy and cheap without compromising the benefits of pharmacological drugs applied by medical personnel. The content of melon fruit contains a lot of Potassium which functions to lower blood pressure because it can cause vasodilation, dilate blood vessels, so that blood pressure can decrease. Community service activities are aimed at all residents in order to increase knowledge about non-pharmacological therapies that are relatively safe from side effects.  

Background: Pre-operative anxiety is the fear of pain after surgery, physical changes, facing surgical equipment and staff, death during anesthesia, failure of surgery or complications during surgery. Anxiety in patients who will undergo surgery can be overcome with non-framacological therapy, namely SEFT therapy which has a positive impact on reducing preoperative patient anxiety. Purpose: This case study aims to determine whether implementing SEFT therapy can reduce anxiety in preoperative patients Method : The method is a case study focusing on one patient. First, a numerical rating scale was utilised to measure the intensity of anxiety of the patients using the STAI (State-Traite Anxiety Inventory), then using SEFT therapy over of 3 stages, namely set-up, tune-in, and tapping between 10-15 minutes 1 time per day for 2 days, then re-evaluate using STAI to measure anxiety levels after the intervention  Results: The results show that using the SEFT therapeutic intervention, the preoperative patient's anxiety level decreased from moderate anxiety to mild anxiety Suggestion: Nurses could provide education to patients and their families in order to be able to reduce anxiety in the pre-operative phase so that patients can become more relaxed and comfortable.

Hospitalization is a process that requires children to undergo treatment and therapy at the hospital until they return home. The impact of hospitalization that is most often experienced by children is anxiety. Anxiety experienced by children during hospitalization can be overcome by playing therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving playing ball therapy to hospitalized children with anxiety before examining vital signs. This research method is a descriptive study, with a sample of 2 people in the Hospital of Temanggung Regency. The instrument used to measure anxiety levels is the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS). Respondents were given play therapy 3 times in 3 days. The results of this study indicate that the anxiety level of hospitalized children decreased from an average score of 36, namely the moderate anxiety category, to an average score of 20, mild anxiety category.    

Supportive Group Therapy is a therapy consisting of several people who plan, organize and respond directly to issues and pressures as well as adverse circumstances and is also a significant method of dealing with hallucination problems. Hallucinations experienced by individuals can be caused by precipitation and predisposing factors. The objective of research was to determine supportive group therapy on the ability to overcome hallucinations in schizophrenic clients at RSUD Tombulilato. Quasi-experimental research design with a group pretest – posttest one group design. Sampling used total sampling with 15 respondents. Data collection used an observation sheet with the results, there were 15 (100%) respondents controlling low hallucinations before being given supportive group therapy by 12 (80.0%) respondents and controlling high hallucinations by 3 (20.0%) respondents. After being given supportive group therapy, it controlled low hallucinations by 2 (13.3%) respondents and controlled high hallucinations by 13 (86.7%) respondents. Statistical test results used the paired t-test showed a p-value = 0.000 with ? <0.05, there was a significant influence between the effect of supportive group therapy on the ability to overcome hallucinations in clients with schizophrenia. It is expected the influence of supportive group therapy can improve the ability to deal with patient hallucinations.

Language is the primary tool humans use to convey thoughts and messages, both verbally and in writing. According to experts, language is a system of sound symbols used for communication and interaction, consisting of phonology, lexicon, and grammar. Phonology studies the sounds of language and is a crucial aspect of linguistics, divided into phonetics and phonemics. Language plays an important role in daily life, not only as a communication tool but also as a reflection of individual or group identity. Language preserves cultural heritage and strengthens social relationships within a community. Proper use of language facilitates communication and influences the understanding of the interlocutor. The development of globalization makes language a means of cross-cultural connection, aiding in collaboration and participation between countries. However, every language faces challenges in pronunciation, word formation, writing, and sentence usage. Phonological disorders, such as in individuals with cleft lip and stuttering, affect speaking ability and language comprehension. A cleft lip causes difficulties in producing certain consonants, while stuttering causes disruptions in speech flow. Phonological error analysis helps to understand the patterns of sound production errors and design interventions to improve speaking abilities. This research is essential for identifying phonological disorders and developing effective therapy methods. The study titled "Phonological Disorders in Mustofa in the Wkwk Project Podcast by Genflik" aims to gain a deeper understanding of phonological disorders in individuals with cleft lip and stuttering, and to find solutions to improve their communication abilities.    

Background- Elderly is a transitional period in which a person experiences a decrease in the body's abilities physically and psychologically. One of changes that occurred significantly was the psychological condition of anxiety. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy can prevent anxiety by regulating the parasympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus to increase positive attitudes so that stressor activation in the hypothalamus is minimized. Purpose: This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in reducing anxiety in the elderly. Method: This study used a method in the form of a case study on one patient. Previously, the patient's anxiety level was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale questionnaire and then given progressive muscle relaxation therapy intervention for 7 days on a regular basis and then observed on the 4th and 7th day to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: The results of the study showed that after therapy, the anxiety level of the elderly decreased from moderate anxiety (score 24) to mild anxiety (score 16) within 7 days of the intervention. Conclusion: There is an effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on the level of anxiety in elderly.

Sectio caesarea delivery is a form of labor process that is carried out by making incisions in the abdominal wall and uterine wall to deliver the fetus from the uterus. Patients who give birth by cesarean section method will usually feel various discomforts. One of the discomforts felt is pain originating from an abdominal incision. So we need a management that can reduce complications and improve quality in post partum mothers, namely by doing foot massage relaxation techniques. The purpose of this case study was to determine the effect of foot massage in reducing pain in post-cesarean section patients. This study used a case study method with a nursing care approach, namely taking 1 patient as a descriptive analysis. Methods of data collection by interviews, observation, pre-test, intervention, and post-test. The research was conducted on March 16-18 2023 at the PKU Gamping Firdaus Ward. The results of the case study showed a decrease in the pain scale in post sectio caesarea patients after foot massage was performed. From the results of the case study, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of foot massage on changes in pain in post-cesarean section patients.

Hospital nurses, especially IGD and ICU, are required to be able to work quickly and precisely in dealing with emergency patients with different emergency levels, so they are very vulnerable to work stress. One way to cope with the work stress of IGD and ICU nurses is to listen to murottal which is one type of religious therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of murottal therapy on reducing nurse stress levels. The study used the quasi-experimen method of intervention groups and control groups. The population of this study is IGD and ICU nurses at Natuna Regency Hospital. Total sampling sample of 24 nurses who fit the Inclusion criteria. The measuring instrument used is the DASS 42 Stress quisioner. The results showed that t counted 4,662 > t table 2,064 so that it could be concluded that murottal therapy had an effect on reducing the stress level of nurses at Natuna Regency Hospital.  The researchers hope that a spiritual approach can be applied in hospitals. To better find out the greater effect of murottal therapy on reducing nurse stress levels, it is hoped that future studies can use larger and more comprehensive samples in all rooms in the hospital.  

Data from the Gorontalo Provincial Health Office, show that the target data for the Gorontalo province in 2019 total elderly people reached 125,762, consisting of 22,384 total elderly people in the city of Gorontalo and 40,340 in the district of Gorontalo. And in 2020 the target for the Gorontalo province total elderly to reach 134,958 consisting of 23,678 total elderly living in the city of Gorontalo and 45,312 total elderly in Gorontalo district. Method: The type of research used in this research is an experimental design (one group pre-test post-test design). The object of this research is the elderly who have low self-esteem at Griya Lansia Jannati, Gorontalo City. Subjects in this case study were clients with low self-esteem as many as 3 respondents. Results: Low self-esteem before social group activity therapy was carried out on client 1, namely unable to control emotions and on clients 2 and 3, namely the lack of social interaction after social group activity therapy was carried out on client 1, they were able to control the emotions of clients 2 and 3, they were able to interact social. Conclusion: there is an effect of giving group activity therapy to patients with low self-

Symptoms of stemi can cause patients to feel more anxious, this anxiety can be overcome pharmacologically and nonpharmacologically. However, pharmacological therapy can cause various side effects. Therefore, nonpharmacological therapies can be recommended including progressive relaxation techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of progressive muscle relaxation therapy to anxiety using the HARS scale in stemi patients in the CVCU Room of Prof. Aloei Saboe Hospital. Pre-experimental research method with one group pre post test design, a sample of 4 people who met the sample criteria, the instrument used HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and the data analysis used was univariate analysis. The study findings are that progressive relaxation techniques carried out by researchers for 3 days can reduce the HARS score of the first patient from a score of 11 to 4, the second patient from a score of 12 to 6, the third patient from a score of 13 to 7 and the fourth patient from a score of 12 to 6, so that progressive muscle relaxation therapy can be applied in reducing anxiety of stemi patients in the CVCU Room of Prof. Aloei Saboe Hospital. The implication of this study is that the nursing profession is expected to improve the provision of nursing interventions in carrying out the nursing care process comprehensively, namely from bio to psychosocial patients so that it can help patients overcome psychosocial problems in this case the anxiety experienced by patients.    

In the elderly there is a deterioration of cells due to the aging process which can result in organ weakness, physical deterioration, the onset of various diseases such as increased uric acid levels. Another treatment that can be used to overcome increased uric acid levels is with herbal remedies, one of which uses bay leaves, but there are still many elderly who have not used bay leaf decoction to lower uric acid. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of bay leaf decoction on reducing uric acid in the elderly in the Griya Lansia Janati area, Gorontalo Province. Pre-experimental research method with one group pre post test design, samples of 5 people who meet the sample criteria, the instrument used is easy touch GCU to measure uric acid levels and the data analysis used is univariate analysis by describing differences in uric acid levels for three days. The research findings obtained before being given bay leaf decoction in the results of uric acid in the five clients were, in client 1 uric acid 7.3 mg / dl, in client 2 uric acid 7.1 mg / dl and client 3 uric acid 7.4 mg / dl, client 4 uric acid 8 mg / dl, client 5 uric acid 7.9 mg / dl. The average patient has gout. After the intervention of giving bay leaf water decoction for 4 consecutive days, the results were obtained in client 1 there was a decrease with uric acid 5.3 mg / dl, in client 2 there was a decrease with uric acid mg / dl, client 3 also had a decrease in uric acid 5.2 mg / dl, client 4 decreased uric acid 6 mg / dl, and client 5 decreased uric acid to 5.8 mg / dl. The implication of this research is that the institution can facilitate the use of bay leaf herbal medicine in the elderly in lowering uric acid levels so that this therapy can be continued.    

Introduction: Elderly is a life where from babies, toddlers, teenagers, adults and the elderly. In this process there are significant Bio-Psycho-Social changes in his life such as social changes, namely the breaking of relationships with colleagues, loss of status or role (tasks, authorities and responsibilities) in the workplace environment, changes in individual roles in the family and public. Method: The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive research method. The collection techniques for this research were interviews, observations, physical examinations and documentation. Results: The results showed that before giving dhikr and meditation therapy, 4 patients (80%) were in the moderate stress category, and 1 patient (20%) was in the severe stress category. After giving dhikr and meditation therapy, 4 patients (80%) were found with mild stress category, and 1 patient (20%) with moderate stress category. Conclusion: Prior to the remembrance therapy, the mental condition of the elderly at the Peni Griya Jannati experienced depression due to the pressures of daily life, experiencing loneliness due to living with family or loved ones, mental emotional disorders that were not yet stable, and anxiety disorders. So that the process of dhikr therapy must be carried out in the elderly.  

The problem of substance abuse has made all countries in the world worried. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime  noted that at least 271 million people worldwide or 5.5% had consumed substances in 2017. The dangers of substance abuse in users have an impact on biological, psychological and social aspects. These various adverse impacts will certainly have an impact on psychological conditions and a decrease in self-esteem, which in turn can lead to a decrease in quality of life. Community therapy is a treatment that uses a psychosocial approach, a community of addicts who help each other to recover and keep quitting substances. Implementation of drug rehabilitation with community therapy methods can improve psychopathology, self-image and quality of life.  

Background: Life in prison can trigger stress that affects blood pressure. One way to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients is to use non-pharmacological therapy interventions. One of them is to use autogenic relaxation and music therapy methods. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of autogenic and music therapy on reducing blood pressure for inmates. Method: The research method is quasi-experimental, with one group pretest and posttest design. This research was conducted in a prison in the Surabaya area. The total sample of this study is 20 respondents. Result: After autogenic and music relaxation therapy, participants with normal blood pressure levels increased to 60%. Based on the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test result, it's known that p-value = 0,001 with (?<0.05), which means this program may affect participants' blood pressure. Conclusion: The use of autogenic and music therapy may reduce blood pressure. This program significantly lowered participants' perception of stress, and it enhanced their perception of health