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Health is a state of health, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows everyone to live productively socially and economically. Health is based on legal provisions, including health law. The development of criminal acts in the field of health sciences One of the crimes in health law that is rampant is the crime in the field of pharmacy, one of which is circulating pharmaceutical preparations of drugs without a distribution permit. Drugs without a distribution permit cannot be freely traded to the public. This is not without reason, unlicensed drugs must be consumed in the right dosage so as not to endanger the health of the public or the people who consume the drug. This research is a normative juridical research using secondary data through literature studies, namely by using research on various sources of books, laws and regulations related to the crime of producing and distributing pharmaceutical preparations without a distribution permit. From the research conducted, it can be concluded that the application of criminal sanctions against criminal offenders who circulate pharmaceutical preparations without a distribution permit is contained in several laws and regulations, namely, Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health and Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health as a means of crime prevention. The implementation of this law is expected to ensnare the perpetrators of the crime of distributing pharmaceutical preparations without a distribution permit.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become essential technological tools for collecting, storing, processing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data to support various human activities. The rapid advancement of information technology has significantly expanded the use of GIS, particularly through web-based platforms and mobile applications, enabling wider accessibility and real-time data utilization. This study focuses on analyzing the utilization of GIS applications and websites across multiple sectors and their contributions to improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes in daily life. The main objective of this research is to identify, evaluate, and synthesize recent developments in GIS implementation through a systematic literature review. Scientific articles were collected from reputable international and national journals published within the last five years (2018–2022). A total of 130 international journals and 100 national journals were initially identified through database searches. After applying relevance screening and inclusion criteria, 33 selected articles were analyzed in depth to extract key findings, application trends, and potential research gaps. The results show that GIS applications and web-based systems play a vital role in supporting various sectors. In education, GIS facilitates spatial mapping for industrial internship placement (PRAKERIN) and school zoning management. In healthcare, GIS assists in mapping healthcare facilities, including pharmacies and hospitals, to improve service accessibility. In transportation, GIS-based systems provide route planning, traffic monitoring, and public transport information to enhance mobility and reduce congestion. GIS applications are also increasingly applied in environmental monitoring, disaster management, urban planning, and natural resource management. Overall, this study emphasizes the growing importance of GIS technologies as strategic tools for data-driven decision-making and sustainable development. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in optimizing GIS-based solutions to improve public services and quality of life.

Persons with disabilities represent a diverse segment of society, facing unique challenges in accessing public services such as education, healthcare, and employment. In response, Indonesia ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) through Law No. 19 of 2011, which serves to promote, protect, and ensure equal rights and fundamental freedoms for individuals with disabilities. This commitment led to the enactment of Law No. 8 of 2016, replacing an earlier, more compassionate framework with one emphasizing equality and the protection of rights for persons with disabilities. The law defines individuals with disabilities as those facing long-term physical, intellectual, mental, or sensory limitations and emphasizes the necessity of special protections to uphold their rights and prevent discrimination. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method. This study evaluates the effectiveness of disability rights protection policies in Indonesia, revealing significant challenges despite the legal framework established by Law No. 19 of 2011. Access to education, healthcare, and employment remains limited due to inadequate facilities, discriminatory practices, and social stigma. Effective solutions require strengthening the legal framework, increasing awareness, and involving the disability community in policy planning. Furthermore, robust monitoring and enforcement mechanisms are essential for safeguarding rights. To enhance protections, improved coordination among ministries, ongoing training for service providers, inclusive education practices, and recognition of employers who hire individuals with disabilities are critical. These measures are vital for fostering a more equitable society and ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities are upheld sustainably.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the main causes of morbidity and death in developing countries. Diabetes mellitus in adolescents is increasing from year to year, causing serious complications such as heart disease, kidney disease and other metabolic disorders. It is very important to prevent diabetes mellitus through education, because providing the public with understanding about healthy lifestyles can reduce the risk of developing diabetes. This community service aims to increase knowledge and understanding about Diabetes Mellitus as well as education about routine health checks at Panti Aisyiyah Jakarta. This intervention was carried out by measuring changes in knowledge through a pre-test and post-test used to evaluate changes in respondents' knowledge. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge about diabetes mellitus and the importance of routine health checks. Pre-test and post-test are used to evaluate respondents' knowledge, by calculating the mean and variation values ​​for each condition. The N-Gain Score is used to evaluate the increase in adolescent knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus education and routine health check education. The success of this intervention is proven by the N-Gain Score of 0.70 which is in the medium category and an effectiveness value of 69.83, meaning that the method used is quite effective. These results show that the health education provided can increase teenagers' awareness and understanding of diabetes mellitus, so it is hoped that it can help in preventing and controlling this disease among teenagers.

Menarche is the first menstruation that usually occurs between the ages of 10 and 16 years, or in early adolescence in the middle of puberty, just before the reproductive period begins. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between knowledge about Menarch and the anxiety level of early teenage girls in the working area of the Pumpkin Beach Public Health Center. 2023. This research uses analytical descriptive research which aims to systematically and factually describe the facts and relationships between communicating variables by collecting data, processing, analyzing and interpreting data in statistical hypothesis testing. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire and analysis of the results of the chi-square statistical test concluded that p-value = 0.003 or <0.05, so a significant relationship was found between the level of knowledge. with the level of anxiety of teenagers in facing menarche in the work area of the Pumpkin Beach Community Health Center in 2023

The aims of this research are To find out the leadership style of women in the Surakarta City Health Office,To find out the role of women leaders based on leadership style in public office, To find out the challenges of women leaders in public office. This research uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The source of this research is the actions and habits of the Head of the Surakarta City Health Service, which were obtained through observations of the work environment of the Surakarta Health Service, in-depth interviews with various related sources, and documentation from biographies and social media. The validity test used to test the validity of this research uses triangulation of methods and data sources. The results of this research are as follows. First, the Head of the Surakarta Health Service has various elements of leadership style, including feminine, masculine, transformational, and transactional leadership styles. This can be seen from his actions and policies in leading the agency. These results explain that there is no relationship between gender and the choice of leadership style. Second, the Head of the Surakarta Health Service has a big role in motivation and is also a good role model for the agency, so the Surakarta Health Service becomes the best agency in the Surakarta City government. Third, as a woman, the Head of the Surakarta City Health Service does not experience problems or obstacles caused by gender differences. These results show no differences in the challenges faced by men or women.

The use of social media in various aspects including health has increased in recent years. The effectiveness and efficiency of the use of social media in health promotion efforts by hospitals are advantages compared to using conventional media. This study aims to obtain information about the use of social media by hospitals in efforts to organize hospital health promotion from the perspective of: 1) types of social media used, 2) program effectiveness, 3) level of involvement, and 4) efforts to increase the level of involvement. From a search of 62 articles (time span 2017-2022) using the Google Scholar and Garuda databases and the keywords media, social, hospital, promotion, and health, researchers found 3 articles that were appropriate based on the title, abstract, content and purpose of the study. This literature study revealed that social media has high effectiveness and efficiency in organizing health promotion programs by hospitals. Another finding is that Instagram is the most widely used social media platform with the highest level of involvement compared to other social media platforms. Interesting and unique efforts and strategies can further increase the level of public involvement in hospital social media accounts so that there is an increase in awareness of healthy living in Indonesian society.    

The purpose of this study was to 1. Describe the profile of Dimoro Animal Market, Blitar City, and 2. Analyze the feasibility of the Dimoro Animal Market in Blitar City in August-September 2023. This study uses descriptive and qualitative data analysis. The results of the feasibility analysis of the Dimoro Animal Market show that the Dimoro Animal Market has aspects such as market governance aspects, animal health aspects, market technical aspects, buying and selling transaction aspects, animal welfare aspects, and human health aspects. Dimoro Animal Market Blitar City provides facilities such as livestock weighing, livestock climbing aids, livestock health checks, disinfectant/sanitation spraying, prayer rooms, public toilets, slaughterhouses, and livestock mooring places. It can be concluded that the Dimoro Animal Market in Blitar City is not feasible and needs to be developed and improved standards for the Dimoro Animal Market in Blitar City.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in children that can occur from the womb to the beginning of a baby's life until they are two years old. Worms are an infectious disease caused by the STH (Soil Transmitted Helminths) worm parasite. The impact of worms on children is that it results in a decline in health and nutrition. One of the activities carried out is socialization about worm disease in stunted children as an effort to increase public awareness from an early age through monitoring children's growth and development at posyandu. The aim of PkM is to increase the knowledge of mothers of toddlers about preventing and treating stunting and worms. The method used is counseling through health education on how to prevent and treat worms early in stunted children. The PkM target is 28 mothers of toddlers. The implementation was carried out in Bone Village. The results of the outreach show that the education and knowledge of mothers of toddlers is still low so that the implementation of socialization activities can increase knowledge and build commitment among mothers with toddlers in the Bone Village area to monitor the nutritional status and growth and development of toddlers against worms at the Posyandu.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in children that can occur from the womb to the beginning of a baby's life until they are two years old. Worms are an infectious disease caused by the STH (Soil Transmitted Helminths) worm parasite. The impact of worms on children is that it results in a decline in health and nutrition. One of the activities carried out is socialization about worm disease in stunted children as an effort to increase public awareness from an early age through monitoring children's growth and development at posyandu. The aim of PkM is to increase the knowledge of mothers of toddlers about preventing and treating stunting and worms. The method used is counseling through health education on how to prevent and treat worms early in stunted children. The PkM target is 28 mothers of toddlers. The implementation was carried out in Bone Village. The results of the outreach show that the education and knowledge of mothers of toddlers is still low so that the implementation of socialization activities can increase knowledge and build commitment among mothers with toddlers in the Bone Village area to monitor the nutritional status and growth and development of toddlers against worms at the Posyandu.

Health services are part of human rights and are bound by applicable legal rules. In an effort to implement these rights, the UN and WHO have initiated the universal health coverage (UHC) program. The UHC program must be implemented by considering the values ​​and benefits to be achieved. This study was conducted to determine the extent of the internalization of legal norms in Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Indonesia and who is involved in the process.

Stunting is a serious health problem that affects the growth and development of children, especially in Cikaso Village, Banjaranyar District, Ciamis Regency. This article discusses the socialization of handling and prevention of stunting carried out in the village. Through a series of socialization activities to the community by providing an understanding of the importance of balanced nutrition and a healthy lifestyle to prevent stunting. The results of the socialization showed an increase in public awareness of the impact of stunting and active participation in nutrition programs. In addition, the nutritional assistance program and nutritious cooking training also succeeded in increasing family nutritional intake. This discussion emphasizes the importance of the involvement of all parties in efforts to prevent stunting to create a healthy and productive generation in the future. Thus, effective socialization can contribute significantly to reducing the prevalence of stunting in Cikaso Village.

According to Letementira (2020), a latrine is a safe and comfortable place for defecation or the disposal of feces, designed to prevent contamination of water bodies and avoid unpleasant odors. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2019 that globally, 892 million people still practice open defecation. The Indonesian Ministry of Health's website reveals that, as of January 2020, there are still 8.6 million households in the country where family members practice open defecation (Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020). This research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and latrine ownership in Silale Village, Nusaniwe Subdistrict. The total population of the village, consisting of 75 respondents, was used as the sample for this study, and total sampling was applied. The research instruments included questionnaires, and data analysis was conducted using SPSS software with a chi-square test for statistical analysis. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and latrine ownership, with a p-value of 0.000. This indicates that both knowledge and attitude are closely related to the ownership of latrines in the study area. These findings suggest that improving public knowledge and attitudes toward sanitation practices could play a crucial role in promoting latrine ownership and ultimately reducing open defecation practices in Silale Village.

The reproductive health problem of couples of childbearing age remains a significant challenge in Indonesian public health, with interventions that tend to be fragmented and less systematic. This study aims to develop and evaluate a comprehensive reproductive health prevention model based on the WHO Stepwise approach for couples of childbearing age in Makassar City, South Sulawesi. The research design used mixed methods sequential exploratory, starting with a qualitative method through focus group discussion and in-depth interviews with 48 participants to explore contextual factors, then continued with a quasi-experimental design on 320 couples in the intervention and control groups. WHO's Stepwise approach includes three phases: assessment, development, and implementation & evaluation. The thematic analysis identified seven major barriers and five supporting factors in reproductive health. The developed model integrates five components: comprehensive education, youth-friendly services, peer education empowerment, family and community engagement, and policy advocacy. Quasi-experimental results showed significant improvements in knowledge (67.3%), positive attitudes (54.8%), and safe reproductive health practices (43.6%) in the intervention group compared to the control (pfeasibility of the WHO Stepwise-based model as a systematic, evidence-based, and multisectoral framework that can be replicated for sustainable reproductive health prevention programs).

This study investigates the effectiveness of green-space–based interventions in reducing eco-anxiety among urban adolescents, a population increasingly vulnerable to climate-related psychological distress. Eco-anxiety, characterized by persistent worry, cognitive overload, and emotional tension in response to environmental change, has emerged as a significant mental-health challenge. The intervention examined in this research involved structured exposure to natural environments combined with guided reflective activities over multiple sessions. Quantitative results showed a substantial reduction in eco-anxiety symptoms, with participants experiencing approximately a 30% decrease in climate-related worry after the intervention. Improvements were also observed in emotional resilience, including enhanced self-regulation, greater cognitive clarity, and improved coping capacity. Qualitative findings reinforced these outcomes, revealing that participants reported deeper emotional calm, stronger feelings of agency, and an increased sense of connectedness with nature. They described green spaces as restorative environments that helped reduce overthinking, clear mental fatigue, and create psychological grounding. These experiences appear to activate mental-restoration processes consistent with environmental psychology, suggesting that nature engagement can serve as both a preventive and therapeutic mental-health strategy. A comparison with conventional counseling approaches indicated that while standard psychological support aids emotional regulation, it often fails to address the specific ecological concerns driving eco-anxiety. In contrast, green-space exposure offers a more targeted and holistic benefit, combining physiological relaxation with meaningful emotional reassurance. The study concludes that expanding access to green spaces, incorporating nature-based therapeutic elements into public-health programs, and promoting balanced climate literacy may enhance adolescent well-being in a time of intensifying environmental challenges.

Stunting remains a chronic nutritional issue in Indonesia, particularly among children under five, affecting cognitive development, physical growth, and the productivity of the younger generation (Ministry of Health, 2023). This community service aims to enhance the role of public administration in promoting policies and programs to combat stunting through education, training, and direct assistance. Activities were conducted in coordination with government officials, health cadres, and local leaders, utilizing local media to raise awareness about nutrition. The results showed a significant increase in community knowledge about stunting and balanced nutrition, with active participation from both officials and residents in the reduction programs. This approach underscores the importance of public administration in fostering sustainable community health initiatives. In parallel, this program also focuses on enhancing community care for orphans through strategies like empathetic communication and social management. Using a participatory and qualitative approach, both the community and orphans were involved in every stage of the activity. The results indicated improved social interactions between the community and orphans, with the children showing positive emotional responses such as comfort and acceptance. The community demonstrated increased participation and responsibility. By integrating empathetic communication with social management, the program successfully enhanced the emotional well-being of orphans and strengthened community solidarity, suggesting a sustainable model for future social care initiatives.

This paper discusses in depth the relationship between green constitution and green democracy in the context of environmental protection in Indonesia. In the modern era, environmental issues have become increasingly urgent, especially with the growing threats to ecosystems due to human activities. This research raises several problems, including the lack of public understanding regarding environmental legal norms contained in the 1945 Constitution, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. The main objective of this research is to explore and analyze the connection between the principles of green constitution as stipulated in Article 28H paragraph (1) and Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution with the existing environmental policy practices. This study also aims to identify the dynamics influencing the development of environmental protection law in Indonesia and to assess the effectiveness of the policies that have been implemented. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach with descriptive analysis. Through a systematic literature review, this study examines various legal sources, official documents, and relevant literature related to the theme of green constitution and environmental protection. The findings indicate that although environmental norms have been accommodated in the constitution, significant challenges remain in terms of implementation, including the misalignment between government policies and constitutional mandates. This research concludes that to achieve optimal environmental protection goals, continuous evaluation and oversight of the implementation of existing laws are necessary. Furthermore, closer collaboration between the government, society, and other stakeholders is crucial to ensure that the policies adopted are not merely symbolic but also effective in protecting the environment. Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating the concept of ecocracy into public policy, which can serve as a guideline in making environmentally conscious decisions. Thus, the protection and management of the environment can be effectively and sustainably realized, creating a safe and healthy environment for future generations.

Eco-pharmaceuticals are an emerging solution in the pharmaceutical industry, aimed at reducing environmental impacts through sustainable production, distribution, and disposal practices. The growing concern over pharmaceutical waste, especially in low-resource settings, highlights the need for greener alternatives. Pharmaceutical residues, often not fully removed during conventional wastewater treatments, contribute significantly to water pollution and disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Eco-pharmaceuticals address these issues by using biodegradable materials, environmentally friendly production methods, and safer disposal techniques, thereby reducing the persistence of pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an essential methodology used to evaluate the environmental impact of pharmaceutical products, considering all stages from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal. The results of LCA show that eco-pharmaceuticals significantly reduce water pollution potential and carbon emissions when compared to conventional drugs. Additionally, they offer a more resource-efficient alternative by minimizing waste generation during production and ensuring safer end-of-life disposal. Despite the clear environmental benefits, challenges remain in transitioning to eco-pharmaceuticals, particularly in low-resource settings where infrastructure for waste management is limited. Cost and availability of eco-pharmaceuticals may also pose barriers to widespread adoption. However, with appropriate policy interventions, public education, and technological innovations, these challenges can be addressed. This study underscores the potential of eco-pharmaceuticals in mitigating environmental degradation while offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals, particularly in regions most vulnerable to pollution.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the Dengue virus and has a significant impact on public health, especially in tropical areas. Early diagnosis and prediction of DHF risk are essential to prevent complications and improve medical care. This study aims to develop a DHF risk prediction model using the Decision Tree method based on clinical symptoms and laboratory data. The data used include symptoms such as fever, joint pain, rash, and laboratory results such as platelet count and hematocrit. The Decision Tree model was chosen because of its ability to handle data with various variables and provide easy-to-understand interpretations. The research data were taken from patients diagnosed with DHF in several hospitals during a certain period. The dataset was then analyzed to find relevant patterns that could predict a high risk of DHF. The model training and testing process was carried out using cross-validation techniques to ensure prediction accuracy. The results showed that the Decision Tree model had an accuracy rate of 96.95% and consistent results from cross-validation which produced an average accuracy of 92.8%,, with good sensitivity and specificity in predicting DHF risk based on a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory data. Factors such as low platelet count and fever symptoms lasting more than three days were found to be significant predictive variables. In conclusion, this Decision Tree model has the potential to be used as a tool in early prediction of DHF risk, which can help medical personnel in clinical decision making and patient management. Further development can be done by adding other variables such as epidemiological data to improve model performance.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the Dengue virus and has a significant impact on public health, especially in tropical areas. Early diagnosis and prediction of DHF risk are essential to prevent complications and improve medical care. This study aims to develop a DHF risk prediction model using the Decision Tree method based on clinical symptoms and laboratory data. The data used include symptoms such as fever, joint pain, rash, and laboratory results such as platelet count and hematocrit. The Decision Tree model was chosen because of its ability to handle data with various variables and provide easy-to-understand interpretations. The research data were taken from patients diagnosed with DHF in several hospitals during a certain period. The dataset was then analyzed to find relevant patterns that could predict a high risk of DHF. The model training and testing process was carried out using cross-validation techniques to ensure prediction accuracy. The results showed that the Decision Tree model had an accuracy rate of 96.95% and consistent results from cross-validation which produced an average accuracy of 92.8%,, with good sensitivity and specificity in predicting DHF risk based on a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory data. Factors such as low platelet count and fever symptoms lasting more than three days were found to be significant predictive variables. In conclusion, this Decision Tree model has the potential to be used as a tool in early prediction of DHF risk, which can help medical personnel in clinical decision making and patient management. Further development can be done by adding other variables such as epidemiological data to improve model performance.