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Marriage in Indonesia's indigenous peoples has strong cultural values and has been passed down from generation to generation. However, in practice, there are several forms of customary marriage that have the potential to contradict the applicable positive law, especially related to coercive actions in marriage. This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of marriage culture in the form of forced marriage/captive marriage which is contrary to Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence (TPKS Law) that occurs in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, this study explores the content of the articles of the Marriage Law, the Criminal Code, and the TPKS Law. In the Indonesian legal system, marriage must meet the elements in the laws and regulations. However, in practice, the traditional marriage culture in Sumba has the potential to lead to forced marriage carried out by men where women are in a vulnerable position. Article 4 paragraph (1) of the TPKS Law clearly states that forced marriage is a form of sexual violence, which can be subject to criminal sanctions in accordance with Article 10 of the TPKS Law. Based on the results of the research, the cultural implications or impacts of forced marriage are the lack of justice, usefulness and legal certainty, so concrete steps are needed in the form of firmer law enforcement and the need for collaborative support from law enforcement officials and legal education for indigenous peoples so that these practices can be minimized and women's rights in marriage can be optimally protected.

This study aims to describe and analyze: How is the appropriate technical management of regional assets based on applicable laws and efforts made by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets to optimize Regional Fiscal Potential. This study uses a qualitative method of the Case Study approach. The data collection techniques used in this study are through observation, interviews and documentation.  The data was analyzed using an interactive model analysis developed by Miles and Huberman with three procedures, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of the study show that the technical management of regional assets carried out by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets in order to optimize Regional Fiscal Potential includes Technical Utilization of Regional Assets in the form of Leases running in accordance with the rules that have been set, this can be seen from the policies used, namely the Governor of East Java Regulation Number 108 of 2018 concerning the Implementation Regulations of the East Java Province Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2017 concerning Management of Regional Property.Technical Utilization of Regional Assets in the Form of Borrowing and Using Property Based on Article 157 of Permendagri Number 19 of 2016, the Implementation of Borrowing and Use is outlined in the agreement and signed by: a.Borrowers and Governors/Regents/Mayors, for regional property that are in the Goods Manageriii; and b. Borrowers and Goods Managers, for regional property that is in the Goods Users.  The technical utilization of regional assets in the form of Build to Hand Over / Build to Hand Over is carried out through a Build to Hand Over Agreement / BOT (Bulit Operate Transfer) covering aspects of Civil Law, Land Law (Agrarian), and Administrative Law.  The Utilization of Regional Fixed Assets in the Form of Inventory Infrastructure Provision is carried out through SOPs consisting of four, namely; Issuance of Regional Head Decree on Infrastructure Provision Cooperation (KSPI), Selection and Determination of KSPI Partners, Implementation of KSPI and Termination of KSPI. Efforts made by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets to optimize regional fiscal potential, including identification and inventory of the value and potential of regional assets, assessment of regional assets. Supervision and control of asset utilization, Regional asset management information system.

The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making processes has raised significant concerns regarding algorithmic bias and legal accountability. This study examines the regulatory challenges and enforcement gaps in addressing AI bias, with a particular focus on Indonesia’s legal landscape. Through a comparative analysis of AI governance frameworks in the European Union, the United States, China, and Indonesia, this research identifies key deficiencies in Indonesia’s regulatory approach. Unlike the EU’s AI Act, which incorporates risk-based classification and strict compliance measures, Indonesia lacks a dedicated AI legal framework, leading to limited enforcement mechanisms and unclear liability provisions.The findings highlight that transparency mandates alone are insufficient in mitigating algorithmic discrimination, as weak enforcement structures hinder effective regulatory oversight. Furthermore, the study challenges the notion that global AI regulatory harmonization is universally applicable, emphasizing the need for a context-sensitive hybrid model tailored to Indonesia’s socio-legal environment. The research suggests that Indonesia must adopt a comprehensive AI legal framework, strengthen regulatory institutions, and promote interdisciplinary collaboration between legal experts and AI developers. Future research should focus on empirical case studies, the development of context-specific AI accountability models, and the role of public engagement in AI bias mitigation. These efforts will be essential in shaping effective AI governance strategies that ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability in Indonesia’s digital transformation.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of public services at the village and sub-district levels in the digital era, as well as identify factors that affect the existing service gap, such as limited human resources (HR), low digital literacy of village apparatus, and lack of supporting infrastructure. Although the central government has launched various digitalization programs, such as digital device assistance and human resource training, many villages still face obstacles in implementing technology-based services. This study uses a qualitative approach with case studies in several villages in Indonesia to explore the experiences of village officials and communities related to the digitization of public services. The results of the study show that the majority of village officials have difficulty operating digital technology due to lack of training and digital literacy, while limited infrastructure also hinders the optimization of internet-based services. Village communities who are increasingly aware of the importance of digitalization expect faster and more efficient services, but the digital divide is the main barrier. This research provides recommendations for village governments to increase the digital capacity of village apparatus through continuous training and strengthening digital infrastructure. Overall, the digitization of public services in villages has great potential to improve the efficiency and quality of services, but requires more attention to improving skills and technological facilities at the village level.

The hotel industry is a service sector that relies heavily on the quality of human resources, so internal communication has a central role in maintaining smooth operations and improving staff performance. This study examines the implementation of Human Resource Development (HRD) communication through the General Manager Table Program at XHotel Mojokerto, which is designed as a medium for direct dialogue between management and employees. The program aims to accelerate the distribution of information, accommodate the aspirations of staff, and build more open and effective two-way communication. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The study participants included General Managers, HRD, and hotel staff who participated in the program for a six-month period in 2025. Data analysis was carried out with reference to Mintzberg's organizational communication theory, which emphasizes the managerial role in the functions of monitoring, information dissemination, facilitation, and negotiation. The results of the study show that the General Manager Table Program contributes positively to the effectiveness of internal communication. Through this program, HRD not only plays the role of conveying information, but also as a dialogue facilitator that encourages active employee involvement. The program has been proven to improve communication transparency, speed up conflict resolution, and strengthen a sense of belonging among staff. The impact can be seen in increasing motivation, discipline, and more consistent work performance, while strengthening the harmonious relationship between management and employees in the work environment. The implication of this research is the need for sustainability and the development of similar programs as innovative HRD communication strategies. The application of this model can be a reference in building a positive work culture that supports productivity, service quality, and competitiveness of the hospitality industry amid global dynamics.

This study aims to describe and analyze: The Implementation of Good Corporate Governance in Improving Public Services at Blambangan Banyuwangi Hospital.  The type of research used is qualitative research. The data analysis technique in the study uses techniques developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, Identifying bases for interpretation, Developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that in principle, the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) at Blambangan Banyuwangi Hospital has gone well, but there are still things that need to be improved. In the principle of accountability, Blambangan Banyuwangi Hospital has implemented it well. This is shown by the organizational structure and clear duties and responsibilities by providing a job description. The hospital conducts performance evaluations on employees. The reward and punishment system has been implemented in the company well. On the principle of accountability, Blambangan Banyuwangi Hospital is well responsible because nurses and employees carry out their duties based on the law. The hospital delivers LAKIP every year.  In the principle of responsibility, Blambangan Banyuwangi Hospital has accounted for all related resources within the scope of the hospital to comply with the policies and regulations that apply in the hospital. In the provision of services in hospitals, there are duties and functions of each of the related elements in the hospital. On the principle of independence, Blambangan Banyuwangi Hospital has managed services professionally by not including the involvement of the owner's family to make a decision. On the principle of fairness, Blambangan Banyuwangi Hospital has provided an opportunity for all stakeholders to give their suggestions and opinions to advance the hospital.  In the principle of service transparency at Blambangan Banyuwangi Hospital, the availability of service information is substantially adequate and the media for its presentation, the certainty of service time, the cost of e-services that are not transparent and the available service complaint mechanism. Then connected to the website of the hospital, the entity already has a website which contains information about the facilities provided by the hospital and information about the doctors who serve, etc.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Governance of BUMDes based on reinventing local government. This study uses a qualitative approach with a multiple case study design. This research was conducted in three locations with BUMDes that have different levels of performance: BUMDes Tirta Mandiri (Ponggok Village, Klaten, Central Java): For example, BUMDes are successful. Sumber Rejeki BUMDes (Sumberagung Village, Jember, East Java): As an example of BUMDes with medium performance. BUMDes Tani Makmur (Sukorejo Village, Malang Regency, East Java): As an example of BUMDes that are still developing. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The stages of data analysis are as follows: (1) Data Collection (2) Transcription and Coding: (3) Thematic Analysis: (4) Data Triangulation. The results of the study show that BUMDes Governance based on local government reinventing includes Community Participation: Encouraging active community involvement in the decision-making process. Community participation in the management of BUMDes refers to four participations, namely (1) participation in planning, (2) participation in program implementation, (3) participation in assessment and evaluation, and (4) participation in the utilization of results. Transparency in governance refers to openness in providing information related to the management of BUMDes to the public. Document accessibility available, Complete and clear information, Open management processes, Regulatory framework that ensures transparency, Information written and communicated to stakeholders. Accountability in governance refers to legal accountability, process accountability, program accountability. BUMDesa innovation as a new idea aims to initiate, improve and improve community entrepreneurship. Innovation in products and services. Innovation in BUMDes includes the creation of new products, improving the quality of existing products, and developing services that are relevant to the needs of the community and the market. Service innovation includes improving ways of providing services that are faster, more convenient, or more in line with customer needs.

After the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, there are several important clusters that need to be considered, one of which is the ease of doing business which is closely related to government administration. Therefore, a system was created by the government to facilitate and legalize business actors in running their businesses in the form of a Business Identification Number (NIB). Because this NIB is a new system and is likely not widely understood by business actors, including MSMEs, it is necessary to socialize it and then provide assistance. Assistance in applying for NIB through the Online Single Submission-Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) System by MSMEs is an important step in managing the legality of their businesses. NIB is an identity for business actors that provides access to various facilities and legal protection. The OSS-RBA system is designed to facilitate the licensing process with a risk-based approach, where types of businesses are classified based on their risk levels. The method used in community service under this title is in the form of Socialization/Counseling and Assistance for MSMEs in submitting NIB to the OSS-RBA system. Socialization or counseling is carried out in the form of lectures and Q&A discussions so as to provide a comprehensive understanding. This assistance is carried out by academics/lecturers of the Law Study Program, Veteran Bangun Nusantara University, Sukoharjo Together with the Sukoharjo regional government, in this case represented by the Sukoharjo PMD Chamber of Commerce to ensure that MSME actors understand the procedures that must be followed and can submit NIB correctly. The assistance process includes socialization, consultation and assistance in filling in data in the OSS-RBA system. The goal is to increase the number of registered and legal MSMEs in Indonesia, so that they can access various government programs and get better legal protection.

This study aims to describe and analyze: The Contribution of Migrant Workers in Increasing Money Remittances and Achieving the SDGs.  The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses the technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, Identifying bases for interpretation, Developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that migrant workers play an important role in the world economy, especially in developed countries as migration destination countries and contribute to the growth of the economy in their home countries, one of which is through remittances sent to their home countries. Indonesia is one of the countries that still sends migrant workers, where remittances from migrant workers are seen as one of the main sources of foreign exchange after petroleum. Migrant workers contribute to reducing the unemployment rate in Indonesia by: Increasing household income. Helping families left behind not work for a while. Increase family access to capital and credit for entrepreneurship. Encouraging a decrease in child employment rates Helping economic development in the region of origin. Encourage political and social change.  The use of remittances for productive activities is expected to increase investment in recipient countries. Remittances encourage improvements made by households in daily consumption, expenditure on education, health, and other expenses, so that it will affect economic growth. Remittances increase household incomes and are therefore a strong anti-poverty force in developing countries.  Not only that, migrant workers who return to their home countries (return migrants) also contribute to the economic and social conditions of their home countries. Remittances can contribute directly and indirectly to several SDGs. Remittances' contribution to the SDGs: SDG 1: Reduce poverty, SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth SDG 10.c: Reduce the cost of migrant remittance transactions.

Contractual fairness is a fundamental principle in international trade, ensuring balanced and equitable agreements between parties of different jurisdictions. However, disparities in bargaining power, varying legal standards, and cultural differences often lead to imbalances that challenge the notion of fairness. This study examines the concept of contractual fairness within the framework of international trade and analyzes the business law standards that govern cross-border agreements. The research explores how contractual fairness is interpreted and enforced under different legal systems, emphasizing its significance in promoting transparency and fostering trust in international business relationships. Through a comparative analysis of legal frameworks in major trading jurisdictions, the study identifies key factors that influence fairness, including standardized contractual terms, dispute resolution mechanisms, and the role of international organizations like the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). This study also highlights the challenges of achieving fairness in complex trade agreements, such as those involving developing economies, where unequal access to legal resources and expertise can create significant disadvantages. By addressing these challenges, the research aims to propose practical solutions for harmonizing business law standards and enhancing contractual fairness in international trade.The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on global trade reform, offering insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and businesses. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that ensures fairness while maintaining the flexibility necessary for dynamic international trade practices.

This study analyzes the potential of local wisdom in the development of tourism villages in Indonesia, with a focus on local economic empowerment. Local wisdom, which includes traditions, culture, art, and social systems, is often not documented or utilized to its full potential in the tourism sector. Through a qualitative approach, this study explores how local wisdom can be used as the main attraction in the development of independent and sustainable tourism villages. Several tourist villages that have managed local wisdom effectively, such as Osing Village and Reog Village, are used as examples in this study. The findings show that although many villages have great cultural potential, many have not yet utilized digital technology in promoting their local wisdom. Better documentation and the use of technology such as digital platforms can increase the visibility of tourist villages and expand the market. In addition, local economic empowerment is achieved through the management of local wisdom that involves the community in all development processes. This study provides recommendations for strategies to optimize the utilization of local wisdom, including increased documentation, community involvement, and the use of digital technology, to create highly competitive tourist villages and make a real contribution to local economic empowerment.

The issuance of Perppu Number 2 of 2022 has led to various dynamic debates within society. The government's actions have shown attempts to "circumvent" Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 and even eliminate the legislative role in the process of amending laws. Autocratic legalism is a situation where the law is utilized as a tool by the rulers (whether executive, legislative, judicial, or a combination thereof) to legitimize their actions in accumulating and consolidating power under the guise of law. The research findings indicate that the consequences of the issuance of Perppu Number 2 of 2022 include the violation of the legislative drafting grace period, failing to resolve legal uncertainties, and being considered non-aspirational, non-participatory, and non-transparent in its formation.

The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia has adopted various digital communication strategies to maximize the use of social media. One of the strategies implemented is Cyber Public Relations Instagram @dpr_ri seeks to utilize every opportunity provided by social media platforms to deliver accurate, relevant, and interesting information to the public.The purpose of this study is to measure Cyber Public Relations of DPR RI on the @dpr_ri Instagram account, Fulfillment of information needs of followers of the @dpr_ri Instagram account, and How much influence does cyber public relations of DPR RI have on fulfilling the information needs of followers of the @dpr_ri Instagram account. The theories used in this research are Cyber Public Relations Theory, Philips & Young (2009) and Information Needs, Guha (1978). The approach in this study uses a quantitative approach. The method used in this research is a survey. Data collection by providing questionnaires to followers of the @dpr_ri Instagram account. Based on the calculation results of the research data, the tcount value of 5.095 is greater than the ttable value of 1.668. Then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So the results show that there is an influence of cyber public relations of the DPR RI on Fulfilling the Information Needs of Followers of the @dpr_ri Instagram account.There is data from the coefficient of determination showing that the equation is 37.7% while the remaining 62.3% is influenced by other factors outside the study.There is a strong influence between cyber public relations of the DPR RI and Fulfilling the information needs of Followers of the @dpr_ri Instagram account.

Economic neglect of children is a condition where a child does not receive sufficient basic needs fulfillment from parents or caregivers, either intentionally or due to inability. This research aims to examine and analyze the mechanisms and barriers in providing legal protection for economically neglected children in Sukabumi District. This study employs normative legal research with data sources consisting of interviews, observations, and literature studies. The method used to process and analyze the data is qualitative analysis, conducted at the Integrated Service Center for Women and Children Empowerment (P2TP2A) in Sukabumi District. According to the research findings, the forms of legal protection provided include supervision, prevention, care, and rehabilitation. The barriers in providing legal protection for economically neglected children include funding issues, lack of understanding of procedures among personnel, reluctance of society to report cases, absence of clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), overlapping roles and responsibilities, and lack of empathy.

This study aims to analyze the marriage agreement as an instrument of legal protection for both parties in a marriage, especially in terms of property ownership and financial responsibility. This study uses a sociological juridical method, with primary data obtained through interviews with a notary and secondary data from various legal literature, including Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, the Civil Code, and the Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIII/2015. The results of the study indicate that the marriage agreement plays a role in preventing potential legal conflicts in marriage, both in monogamous and polygamous systems, and provides legal certainty for third parties, such as creditors or heirs. This agreement not only protects the rights and obligations of the husband and wife, but also ensures legal clarity in the division of assets and financial responsibility during and after the marriage.

This study examines Legal certainty is a crucial element in effective governance, especially in the context of laws and regulations. This research examines the enforceability of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 86/2017, which regulates the preparation of the Local Government Work Plan (RKPD). This research finds that legal certainty in the RKPD is strongly influenced by the implementation and supervision of the regulation. In addition, challenges in harmonization between central and local regulations are an important factor in ensuring effective enforcement. The results show that the ambiguity in Article 78 results in uncertainty in the integration of pokir into the RKPD, thus reducing the effectiveness of DPRD participation and potentially creating conflict between the executive and legislature. To improve legal certainty, it is suggested that further revision and explanation of the provision is needed, as well as training for local officials on more effective implementation of the regulation. The findings are expected to serve as recommendations for policymakers in drafting clearer and firmer regulations.This research recommends clarification and revision of Article 78 to create a clearer framework and support synergy between local governments and DPRDs. The findings are expected to contribute to the improvement of more inclusive and responsive regional planning policies.

This study aims to analyze the need to improve the digital literacy of village government apparatus in supporting the digitization of population administration. The problems raised in this study are (1) what digital competencies are needed by village officials to improve the quality of population administration services and (2) what training programs are relevant to improve their digital literacy. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out inductively to understand the challenges and needs of village officials in managing technology-based administration. The results of the study show that the digital literacy of village apparatus is still low, especially in the operation of population administration applications, data security, and the optimal use of information technology. In addition, the limitations of technological infrastructure such as hardware and internet connection are the main obstacles. This study recommends the implementation of basic and advanced training, strengthening technological infrastructure, and supporting policies to improve the digital competence of village apparatus. The conclusion of this study confirms that increasing digital literacy is very important to support the digital transformation of population administration. With adequate competence, public services can become more efficient, accurate, and transparent, which has a positive impact on rural communities and sustainable development.

This research aims to explore and optimize the potential convergence between local wisdom and digital transformation in accelerating the development of tourism villages and the achievement of village SDGs. The formulation of the problem raised is how to integrate local wisdom with digital technology to improve the ranking of tourism villages and support the achievement of village SDGs. The research uses a qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out thematically to identify patterns and relationships between the elements studied. The results of the study show that local wisdom has a vital role as a unique tourist attraction, while digital transformation plays a role in increasing the visibility and efficiency of tourism village management. Tourism villages that apply digital technology have a higher level of visits than conventional ones. The main challenges are the low digital literacy of managers and the limitations of infrastructure. In conclusion, the convergence of local wisdom and digital transformation has great potential in accelerating the development of tourism villages and achieving village SDGs. Successful implementation requires strong collaboration between the government, local communities, and the private sector, as well as increasing the capacity of managers in the use of digital technology.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Public Service Bureaucratic Reform and the factors that support and hinder Public Service Bureaucratic Reform at the Office of the Special Class 1 Immigration Checkpoint for the City of Surabaya. The research method to be used is qualitative descriptive. Data Collection Techniques include: Interviews, Observations, Documentation. The research informant is the Head of the Suarabaya Special Class I Immigration Office. The data analysis technique using interactive model analysis was developed by Miles et al., (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that in the institutional aspect in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning immigration, the institutional arrangement at the Immigration Office is divided into several parts according to their duties and functions. The current posture of organization is relatively slimmer and flat (not very hierarchical). In the resource aspect, human resource improvement is also carried out through the internal office, namely through performance evaluation meetings. In terms of governance, organizational units/work units within the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office currently have and implement systems, procedures, and work mechanisms, as well as service standards that are more standard, clear, efficient, and effective, supported by the optimal use of adequate information and communication technology. Supporting Factors for Bureaucratic Reform at the Special Class I Immigration Office in Surabaya are Productive Apparatus, Representative Policies, and Employee Capacity Building. The inhibiting factor is that there is still a practice of brokerage.

The inability of rural banks to adapt to the changing global landscape, particularly owing to globalisation, could also have adverse effects on economically disadvantaged populations. This research aims to examine the dynamics of regulating rural banks in Indonesia, the pressing need for legal reforms in rural banks to address the problems posed by globalisation, and the legal reforms for rural banks that are based on the Values of Pancasila. The study methodology employed is the Normative Juridical approach. The research findings suggest that initially, the licencing and activities of the rural bank required permission from the Minister of Finance. However, after the amendment of Law Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking with Law Number 10 of 1998, the licence for rural banks is now granted by the leadership of Bank Indonesia, as stated in Article 16 paragraph. Globalisation has a significant impact on community life, leading to the emergence of new requirements. One of these requirements is the need for easier transactions, which can be achieved through the digitalisation of banking or the provision of electronic banking facilities. Consequently, legal reforms for banking institutions need to be implemented, taking into account the noble values of the nation as reflected in the moral principles of Pancasila. These values include morality, respect, protection of human rights without discrimination, unity, social justice in the economic and community sectors, and the realisation of people’s sovereignty and adherence to the law.