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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening form of diabetes mellitus emergency. Rapid and appropriate management is needed to prevent worsening condition. Fluid management in DKA is important to improve tissue perfusion, correct electrolyte imbalance, reduce blood glucose concentration and counterregulatory hormones. This case report aims to describe the fluid management in a client with instability of blood glucose levels in DKA. A 42-year-old woman was rushed to the emergency room with decreased consciousness for 3 hours. Laboratory examination results: blood glucose >600mg/dL, Base Excess <-30mmol, urine ketones +3, urine protein +2, urine glucose +4, pH 6.8, HCO3 1.9mmol/L. The client had unstable blood glucose levels while in the treatment room. Fluid management was performed by combining 0.9% NaCl, WIDA 2A, 40% dextrose bolus, and continuous insulin drip, that was adjusted according to the client's blood glucose level. After receiving fluid management, the client's blood glucose levels are stable in the range of 100 - 200mg/dL on the fifth day until the client recovered. Providing fluid management tailored to the management of DKA and client needs can improve the stability of blood glucose levels so that this fluid management intervention can be utilized for DKA clients with similar complaints.

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly altered the landscape of the healthcare product market, with a rapid increase in demand for Vitamin C as a means to enhance immune function. Amidst intensifying competition, Hevit-C, a well-known brand in Jakarta's pharmacies, has employed marketing strategies and innovations to maintain its revenue stability. This study aims to analyze various marketing strategies and innovations implemented by Hevit-C during and post-pandemic, and to identify the correlation between these strategies and innovations with the brand's revenue stability. The research methodology includes sales data analysis, collection of data related to marketing strategies and innovations used by product management, and a review of literature on marketing strategies in the pharmaceutical industry. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will benefit healthcare professionals and pharmacies by providing insights and educational materials on the use of Vitamin C for patients and the general public. Furthermore, the study aims to benefit the pharmaceutical industry by optimizing marketing strategies and better meeting market demands.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village Asset Management System (SIPADES) in Bengkalis Regency. The focus of the research was to assess the effectiveness of this system in helping village officials manage assets. The research was conducted in six villages using a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was conducted through reduction, presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that villages in Bengkalis Regency had implemented SIPADES well. Village operators, although most of them were only high school graduates, were able to master SIPADES thanks to intensive training. However, the main obstacles are network limitations that cause system errors and downtime, disrupt operational efficiency and stability of village asset management, and make it difficult to track data in real-time. Overcoming these problems requires improved technology infrastructure and better support so that SIPADES can run smoothly and effectively in all villages.

This article discusses creative economic empowerment efforts through bouquet-making training in Montongsari Village. The main focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of the training on improving the skills and income of the village community. Creative economic empowerment can develop the community's skills and resources needed to create income and manage their own businesses. It aims to reduce dependence on external assistance and increase economic stability. This research uses a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach to evaluate the butterfly bouquet-making training that was conducted on July 12, 2024 in Montongsari Village. The training involved PKK mothers from various hamlets and aimed to increase the creative economic empowerment of the community. By using simple materials and involving participants in every stage of making, the training succeeded in improving their practical skills as well as their creativity. The results showed that participants were able to make high-quality bouquets and felt more confident to explore new business opportunities. The program also contributed to local economic development and supported Montongsari Village as a tourist village. This training proved the effectiveness of PAR in empowering communities in a practical and participatory manner

This article discusses creative economic empowerment efforts through bouquet-making training in Montongsari Village. The main focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of the training on improving the skills and income of the village community. Creative economic empowerment can develop the community's skills and resources needed to create income and manage their own businesses. It aims to reduce dependence on external assistance and increase economic stability. This research uses a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach to evaluate the butterfly bouquet-making training that was conducted on July 12, 2024 in Montongsari Village. The training involved PKK mothers from various hamlets and aimed to increase the creative economic empowerment of the community. By using simple materials and involving participants in every stage of making, the training succeeded in improving their practical skills as well as their creativity. The results showed that participants were able to make high-quality bouquets and felt more confident to explore new business opportunities. The program also contributed to local economic development and supported Montongsari Village as a tourist village. This training proved the effectiveness of PAR in empowering communities in a practical and participatory manner

Using lip balm is very easy to apply to the lips and lip balm can also moisturize and brighten the lips. Lip balm is resistant to body temperature, and is harmless and smooth when applied so that the lips are cared for and healthy. The anthocyanin contained in mulberry fruit has the potential to act as a purplish red natural dye depending on the presentation of the mulberry fruit extract used, which has the positive side of being an antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals. The aim of this research was to determine the formulation and stability of the lip balm preparation formula using mulberry fruit extract (Morus alba L.) as a natural coloring with an accelerated stability test using 4 cycles. Using this research method, material testing includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, melting point tests, pH tests, spreadability tests, adhesion tests, spreadability tests, stability tests, and hedonic tests, as well as preparation irritation tests. Based on the results of research on making lip balm from mulberry fruit extract as a natural coloring, it can be formulated in lip balm preparations, however if 20% extract is used it can affect the physical properties of the lip balm preparation, neither the 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% formulas. irritation was found.

Centella asiatica leaves contain active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which are secondary metabolites. A sheet mask is a practical cosmetic facial treatment that does not require rinsing and is effective in moisturizing the skin. This study aims to determine the formulation of a sheet mask preparation. The ethanol extract of Centella asiatica leaves meets the physical quality evaluation criteria for the preparation. The experimental formulation method involves creating a sheet mask composed of various components including Centella asiatica leaf extract, glycerin, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, nipagin, 96% ethanol, fragrance (Green tea), aquadest, sheet mask base, and foil bag. The research includes the characterization of the raw material, phytochemical screening of the extract, and formulation into sheet masks with concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, followed by moisturizing testing using a skin analyzer. The evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity, physical stability, viscosity, pH value, irritation testing, and hedonic testing. The characterization results show a water content of 3.46%, water-soluble extract content of 31.38%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 11.96%, total ash content of 8.41%, and acid-insoluble ash content of 1.09%. Phytochemical screening results show positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The study indicates that the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica can be formulated into a homogeneous and stable sheet mask preparation. The pH of the preparation meets the requirement with a value of 4.5-6.5, which is relatively safe for facial skin. The preparation does not cause irritation, with viscosity testing meeting the requirement of 250-1150 cp. The moisturizing test shows that a 6% Centella asiatica extract concentration provides the best moisturizing effect, and the most preferred formulation is F3 with a preference percentage of 38.12%. The average moisture values are F0 (Blank) 25.64%, F1 (2%) 33.26%, F2 (4%) 39.18%, and F3 (6%) 38.12%. Overall, it can be concluded that Centella asiatica extract can be formulated into a sheet mask with effective moisturizing capability for the facial skin.  

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are business activities that are able to expand employment opportunities and provide broad economic services to the community, and can play a role in the process of equalizing and increasing community income and play a role in realizing national stability, especially economic stability. Strategy is an integrated plan designed to achieve certain goals, taking into account existing resources and the surrounding environment. This research is motivated by the lack of business capital owned by MSME owners, limited human resources, lack of market place for MSME marketing and lack of provision of facilities from the village government. The formulation of the research problem is What is the Village Government's Strategy for Organizing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Sukajadi Village, Sadananya District, Ciamis Regency? The method used in this research is qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques are using interviews, observation and documentation. Data processing/analysis techniques in this research are data reduction, data presentation and data validity. This research was carried out in Sukajadi Village, Sadananya District, Ciamis Regency. 

The problem of recidivist narcotics is a significant complex issue in Indonesia, including in Batam Class IIA Prison. This phenomenon raises concerns because of its negative impact on society and social stability. This study aims to analyze the juridical factors that encourage recidivism of narcotics crimes and identify obstacles in the implementation of rehabilitation programs in Batam Class IIA Prison. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical sociology. The normative juridical method is used to analyze various laws and regulations that are the legal basis for handling recidivism, such as Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Meanwhile, empirical sociological methods are used to collect data through interviews and direct observations in the field to understand the implementation of rehabilitation programs and social factors that contribute to recidivism. The results of the study show that weaknesses in the criminal justice system, lack of post-release support, social stigma, and an unsupportive social environment are the main factors that encourage recidivists. A justice system that focuses more on punishment than rehabilitation leads to a lack of effective rehabilitation programs. Minimal post-liberation support, such as difficulty finding work and housing, also contributes to high rates of recidivism. Social stigma and discrimination exacerbate the condition of ex-convicts, hindering them from reintegrating into society. An unstable social environment, especially one with easy access to narcotics, is also a driving factor for recidivism. Based on these findings, this study provides several suggestions, including increasing the number and quality of professionals in the field of rehabilitation, adjusting skills training programs to be relevant to the needs of the job market, and closer cooperation between law enforcement agencies, the government, and the community in supporting the reintegration of former prisoners. It is hoped that these suggestions can help reduce recidivism rates and increase the effectiveness of the penitentiary system in Indonesia.  

Dandruff is an anomalous state of the scalp one of the causes is the fungus Candida albicans. Ant nest (Mrymecodia pendens) is a natural material containing antifungal compounds namely flavanoid and tannin. The aim of this research is to make anti dandruff shampoo preparation form extract of ant nest (Myrmecodia pendens) with five variation concentration of 0%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5% and 3%. The results show that ant nest extract (Myrmecodia pendens) can be formulated as an anti-dandruff shampoo that meets requirements such as organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, high foam, and foam stability.  

This thesis discusses the handling of criminal acts of using and circulating counterfeit rupiah banknotes, with a focus on law enforcement efforts by the Riau Islands Regional Police. This research is motivated by the increasing cases of counterfeit rupiah banknotes in the Riau Islands which cause significant losses to the community and threaten regional economic stability. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement carried out by local police, as well as to identify and overcome obstacles faced in the process. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies. The sample of this study consisted of police officers, legal experts, and victims of counterfeiting money. Data analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques to interpret the collected data, based on the framework of the theory of legal certainty from Sudikno Mertokusumo, the theory of legal systems from Lawrence M. Friedman, and the theory of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). The results show that law enforcement against rupiah counterfeiting in the Riau Islands faces several major obstacles, including limited resources, inter-agency coordination problems, and a lack of adequate training for law enforcement officers.The suggestions resulting from this study include increasing the allocation of resources, both in the form of equipment and training for officers, as well as strengthening cooperation between institutions involved in law enforcement, to increase effectiveness in identifying, preventing, and cracking down on the crime of using and circulating counterfeit money.

Crisis aquatic biodiversity is a critical environmental issue, triggered by human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change, which have serious impacts on the stability of ecosystems and the climate change, which has serious impacts on the stability of ecosystems and the livelihoods of coastal communities. livelihoods of coastal communities. This research aims to examine community-based solutions in restoring degraded aquatic ecosystems, with a focus on the integration of sustainable aquaculture technologies and aquaponic systems. The methodology used was a comprehensive literature analysis of scientific articles, journals and relevant publications. The research findings show that sustainable fisheries management, habitat restoration, environmental education and awareness, implementation of environmentally education and environmental awareness, the application of environmentally friendly technologies, and the development of supportive policies are the main strategies for sustainable fisheries management. development of supportive policies are key strategies in improve conservation effectiveness. The implications of this research show that a community-based approach is not only effective for the conservation of aquatic biodiversity, but also provides practical guidance for policymakers and non-governmental organizations in designing and implementing community-based policy makers and non-governmental organizations in designing and implementing more holistic and effective ecosystem restoration programs that are more holistic and sustainable.                                                              

Growing demand for electricity savings has led to the development of an automatic LED emergency light system. It is based on providing light when the power is cut off. Once fully charged, the battery ceases charging, and in the event of a power failure, the LEDs are automatically powered by the battery. The project focuses on two primary functions: it automatically activates during power outages to give illumination, eliminating the need to search for the switch, and the battery rapidly begins recharging as the main power is restored. The emergency light is crucial due to the inconsistent voltage distribution and frequent power outages in operational regions of communities and diverse enterprises. The system includes a power supply that converts 230V AC to 12V DC, a relay that uses a control pulse to alternate between connecting the battery to the LEDs and isolating it, and a rechargeable Li-ion battery that supplies power to the LEDs during blackouts. The parallel-connected LEDs light up during a power outage in the circuits. The circuit architecture shown here serves to mitigate the entire discharge of the battery, hence enhancing the battery's longevity. Key components of the system include a step-down transformer, a bridge circuit to convert AC to DC, a Zener diode to maintain voltage stability, capacitors for energy storage, and various diodes to control current flow. The project highlights the advantages of LED emergency lights, such as efficiency, longevity, and minimal energy waste, though it acknowledges the higher initial cost and temperature sensitivity as disadvantages. The automatic LED emergency light is suitable for use in homes, offices, retail shops, and other commercial settings. The project demonstrates a cost-effective and compact solution that enhances daily life by providing reliable lighting during power failures.

Blood donation activities are carried out to maintain the stability of the blood stock of the Karo Regency PMI. Blood donation activities are carried out on Tuesday, July 9, 2024 starting at 09.00 WIB at the Kabanjahe Pratama KPP. The blood donation service activity was attended by a total of 14 participants. From the results of the implementation of the activity, 13 blood bags have been collected. Based on interviews with the participants, their motivation to donate blood is because of a sense of humanity for people in need, to maintain their health, invitations from friends, and some are interested because of the gifts offered at the end of the event. The implementation of this blood donation activity as a form of community service has been carried out well and has received a good response from the participants. Socialization is also needed so that the number of blood donors increases and more people are willing to become blood donors.

This study aims to analyze juridically the use of the company's shares as an object of fiduciary guarantee in Batam City. The background of this research is rooted in the need for a deep understanding of the effectiveness and security of the company's shares used as fiduciary guarantees, as well as their influence on legal certainty and local economic stability. In Indonesia, the use of shares as fiduciary guarantees is regulated by Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees and Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, but the implementation of this law in the field often encounters various obstacles, especially in Batam City which is a strategic business center. This study uses a qualitative method with a document study approach, in- depth interviews, and field observations to collect data. The subject of this study involves notaries, fiduciary guarantee registration officials, investors, and business actors in Batam. The results of the study show that there are several significant obstacles in the implementation of the use of shares as an object of fiduciary guarantee, which include procedural complexity, variations in notary practices, and limited administrative infrastructure. Despite this, stocks are still a trusted and used instrument because of their liquidity and economic value. Based on these findings, suggestions include expanding education and training for notaries to improve understanding and thoroughness in the fiduciary guarantee administration process. The Batam City Government is advised to update and simplify related regulations to support efficiency and legal certainty. In addition, investments in information technology are needed to modernize the registration and document handling processes, which can increase the transparency and speed of the fiduciary assurance process.

This research explores the impact of fiscal policies on maritime economics, focusing on macroeconomic stability, sector-specific resilience, and sustainability initiatives within maritime industries. Through qualitative analysis and expert perspectives, the study examines how fiscal interventions influence economic growth, address regional disparities, and promote environmental stewardship in maritime sectors. Key findings highlight the effectiveness of fiscal tools in stabilizing economic fluctuations, fostering innovation, and enhancing industry competitiveness. Challenges such as regulatory complexities, uneven distribution of fiscal benefits, and the need for enhanced fiscal transparency are also discussed. The research underscores the importance of tailored fiscal strategies that support inclusive growth, sustainable development, and global competitiveness in maritime economies.

Government institutions have an important role in maintaining state stability, but often separatist conflicts arise due to dissatisfaction with a government system that is considered unfair. This research aims to examine the structure and dynamics of the government systems of Indonesia and Malaysia, which adhere to a presidential system, and Malaysia, which adhere to a constitutional monarchy system, so as to provide a comprehensive understanding of political dynamics in Southeast Asia. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with literature study to understand the structure and dynamics of the Indonesian and Malaysian government systems. The research results show that Indonesia has a presidential system of government with strong executive power, while Malaysia has a constitutional-monarchical system with a complex division of power between the prime minister and the states. Although both share historical and cultural similarities, differences in their governmental structures lead to different strengths and weaknesses in the exercise of executive power and the relationship between heads of state and heads of government. In conclusion, although Indonesia and Malaysia have historical and cultural similarities, differences in their government systems result in different dynamics in the exercise of executive power and the relationship between the head of state and head of government. Understanding these differences helps clarify the challenges and opportunities faced by both countries in building and strengthening their governance systems in accordance with the needs and dynamics of their societies. Through this research, it is hoped that it can provide a deeper understanding of the structure and dynamics of the government systems of the two countries, as well as their implications.

This research explores the use of iterative methods in conjunction with the Finite Difference Method (FDM) for solving partial differential equations (PDE). The central challenge addressed is the computational inefficiency and slow convergence that often arise when utilizing traditional numerical methods, particularly in large-scale systems. The study aims to develop a more efficient iterative approach to solve PDEs by minimizing computational time while ensuring the stability of the obtained solutions. The primary methods proposed include iterative solvers such as Gauss-Seidel and Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR), which are applied to numerical solutions derived from FDM. The research demonstrates that iterative methods, especially SOR, achieve faster convergence with fewer iterations compared to conventional methods like the Finite Element Method (FEM), which tends to be slower and more resource-intensive for large-scale problems. The study highlights the advantages of iterative solvers in efficiently handling large, sparse linear systems and reducing computational costs. In addition, it shows that these methods are capable of providing stable solutions, thereby maintaining accuracy with significantly lower computational effort. The results suggest that iterative methods, when applied in combination with FDM, offer a practical and scalable solution for solving complex PDEs. These methods are especially beneficial in engineering and theoretical physics applications where large-scale simulations are prevalent. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, which should focus on further optimizing solver parameters, exploring hybrid approaches, and extending the methods to more complex PDEs with non-linearities or irregular geometries. By doing so, these techniques could contribute to even more efficient and practical solutions for real-world applications.

This paper aims to explain the importance of political literacy for Islamic boarding school students (santri) as a means to achieve Indonesia's golden age by 2045. This research focuses on qualitative methods with a literature study approach, focusing on primary data in the form of documentation, including books, journals, articles, and other literature related to political discussions and Islamic boarding school students. The results show that "santri" (literate people) or those seeking religious knowledge in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) must possess broad insight and be tolerant of political apathy. Santri political awareness is essential for them to contribute to improving and strengthening Indonesia's political system with noble religious values. Santri involvement in politics also serves as a means to raise awareness as active citizens, strengthen nationalism, and make politics a form of service, not personal ambition. Politically literate students will be able to face various social and political challenges wisely and contribute to maintaining the nation's stability and progress. Therefore, a joint effort is needed to strengthen political education, both for santri and the general public, so that by 2045, Indonesia will have an intelligent, ethical generation ready to lead the nation towards a bright future.

On a practical level, marketing performance is a key factor used to demonstrate the success of all areas of business. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector is an industrial sector that can be relied on as an indicator of economic stability at both the local and national levels. The existence of the phenomenon of fluctuations in the growth and contribution of MSMEs certainly needs further investigation. This study aims to examine the effect of product innovation on marketing performance with brand equity and shared value creation as an intervening variable. The research sample was taken as many as 90 UMKM culinary typical of Banten local with non probability sampling technique, data analysis using SEM-PLS method. From the research results it is known that 1) product innovation has no impact on marketing performance; 2) product innovation has a positive and significant effect on shared value creation; 3) product innovation has a positive and significant effect on brand equity; 4) the creation of shared value has a positive but significant effect on marketing performance; 5) brand equity has a positive and significant effect on marketing performance. In addition, brand equity and shared value creation are able to mediate the relationship between product innovation and marketing performance