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The phenomenon of hoaxes in the digital era has become a serious threat to social stability, democracy, and national security. Although the government has implemented various regulations, such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), the spread of hoaxes is still difficult to control. This article analyzes the development of legal awareness in overcoming hoaxes in Indonesia from a criminological perspective. With a literature study approach, this study highlights the weak legal awareness of the community as the main factor in the spread of hoaxes. Empirical studies show that political hoaxes dominate, with 55.5% of the total hoaxes identified in 2023, while 65% of hoaxes spread through closed WhatsApp groups. Criminological analysis uses several theories, such as the Theory of Crime Routines, Anomie Theory, and Differential Association Theory, which explain how weak social control and low legal culture make it easier for individuals to be involved in the spread of hoaxes. The results of this study recommend strategies to increase legal awareness through the integration of digital literacy in education, collaboration between the government and digital platforms, and strengthening policy-based regulations such as the NetzDG Law in Germany. With a systematic and data-based approach, it is hoped that public legal awareness will increase, so that it can reduce the spread of hoaxes and create a healthier and more responsible digital environment.    

This qualitative literature review explores the influence of corporate integrity culture on merger and acquisition (M&A) performance. The study synthesizes findings from recent research, highlighting that a strong integrity culture in target firms impacts market reactions and reduces uncertainty during M&A transactions. Key mechanisms identified include the retention of directors and customers, which enhances post-acquisition stability and operational continuity. Despite the significant insights provided, this review acknowledges limitations such as reliance on secondary data and potential biases in reported corporate information. Additionally, contextual factors like industry differences and regulatory environments may affect the integrity culture-M&A performance relationship. Future research should incorporate primary data and consider these contextual variables to deepen understanding. Overall, this study underscores the critical role of cultural integrity in enhancing M&A success and offers a framework for evaluating cultural aspects in future M&A activities.

Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug solubility and bioavailability. Analysis of these complexes using HPLC requires the development of appropriate and validated methods. To analyze and compare various HPLC methods used for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, and to identify challenges and trends in method development. A literature review was conducted of articles published in the last 10 years, focusing on HPLC methods for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Parameters compared included column type, mobile phase composition, flow rate, and detection method. The majority of studies used C18 columns with varying lengths and particle sizes. The composition of the mobile phase varied, reflecting the diversity of properties of the complexes analyzed. The flow rate was generally 1.0 mL/min, with the exception of the HPLC/MS method. Detection methods included UV-Vis, PDA, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. The main challenges included the dynamic equilibrium of the complexes and stability during analysis HPLC method development for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes requires optimization of various parameters to overcome specific challenges. Future trends are towards the use of advanced technologies such as UHPLC and high-resolution mass detection.

This study aims to critically analyze how accounting policies implemented in insurance companies contribute to effective risk management and overall financial stability. As the business environment becomes increasingly complex and competitive, insurance firms must adopt robust accounting policies that not only facilitate accurate financial reporting but also enhance their ability to identify, assess, and manage various risks. By employing a mixed-methods approach that integrates both qualitative and quantitative data, this research will explore the intricate relationships between accounting policies, risk management strategies, and their subsequent impact on the financial performance of insurance companies. The study will first provide a theoretical framework that outlines the significance of sound accounting practices in the context of risk management. It will then delve into empirical analysis through case studies of selected insurance companies, assessing how their accounting policies influence risk assessment and mitigation processes. Data will be collected via surveys and interviews with key stakeholders, including financial managers, risk officers, and auditors, to gather insights on the effectiveness of these policies in practice. Furthermore, this research will evaluate the correlation between specific accounting practices and key performance indicators, such as profitability, solvency, and liquidity ratios. By identifying best practices and potential areas for improvement, the study aims to offer practical recommendations that can enhance the alignment between accounting policies and risk management efforts. Ultimately, this research seeks to contribute to the existing literature on accounting and risk management in the insurance sector, providing valuable insights that can inform policy formulation and strategic decision-making within the industry. Through this comprehensive evaluation, the study aspires to foster a deeper understanding of how effective accounting policies can serve as a foundation for robust risk management frameworks, thereby promoting long-term financial stability in insurance companies.

This research aims to explore the relationship between language policy and national identity formation through a macro-linguistic lens. By employing qualitative case study methodology, the study analyzes the language policies of Canada, Belgium, and India, examining their impacts on social cohesion, cultural identity, and political stability. The research investigates specific language policies, such as bilingualism in Canada, collaborative language programs in Belgium, and multilingual education in India, assessing their effects on various communities within these nations. The findings indicate that inclusive language policies significantly enhance social cohesion and foster national pride, while exclusive policies can lead to division and marginalization. In Canada, continued support for bilingual education strengthens ties between linguistic groups. In Belgium, fostering mutual respect among linguistic communities mitigates political tensions. In India, promoting multilingual education protecs regional languages and cultivates a sense of unity. By focusing on the interplay between language and identity, this study highlights the critical importance of inclusive language policies in fostering social harmony and national unity. Ultimately, the findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for frameworks that recognize linguistic diversity while promoting dialogue and integration among different language communities. This research contributes to the understanding of effective strategies for strengthening national identity in an increasingly globalized world, reinforcing the idea that language can serve as a bridge rather than a barrier.

This study discusses the interpretation of verses of the Qur'an related to the illegal taking of other people's property, especially in the context of the confiscation of corruptor assets, based on the views of Muhammad Quraish Shihab (Tafsir Al-Misbah), Hamka (Tafsir Al-Azhar), Ibn Kathir (Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azhim), and Wahbah Zuhaili (Tafsir al-Munir). This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach to conceptually examine various things that are correlated with corruption from the perspective of the Qur'an. Therefore, this study is a type of qualitative and thematic research through literature review, namely by writing, reducing, and presenting data and analyzing it, as well as the theory of maqashid sharia and jinayah. The results of the study show that the commentators support the confiscation of corruptors' assets as a legitimate action in Islam, by the principles of maqashid al-syariah, especially the protection of property (hifz al-mal). Quraish Shihab emphasizes the importance of asset confiscation to restore justice and protect society. Hamka sees this action as a just punishment that also restores the rights of society. Ibn Kathir emphasizes that corruption must be punished strictly to prevent greater damage. Wahbah Zuhaili emphasizes the authority of the government in upholding justice and preventing injustice, including through the confiscation of illegal assets. This interpretation provides a strong theological basis for the policy of asset confiscation as part of the enforcement of Islamic law, emphasizing that such action is necessary to maintain balance and stability in society.  

The community service program implemented in Karang Tunggal Village, Tenggarong Seberang District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan, aims to strengthen breeders' capacity and support sustainable livestock development with the concept of assisted villages. Through a participatory and collaborative approach, this program involved ten livestock groups and twelve representatives from village officials, GAPoktan, field extension officers, sub-district officials, and the Agriculture and Livestock Service of Kutai Kartanegara district, with a total of 72 participants. The main activities include identifying needs, training, workshops, and discussions regarding sustainable livestock practices. The main focus of this program is the development of livestock areas, feed management, optimization of livestock production and reproduction, application of appropriate technology, and strategies to increase the competitiveness of livestock products. The results of this program show significant improvements in farmers' technical skills, feed stability through planting superior grasses and reduced dependence on commercial feeds. This program increases livestock productivity and income and encourages more sustainable and competitive livestock practices. These findings make Karang Tunggal Village a potential model for sustainable livestock development in East Kalimantan.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in Indonesia's economy, particularly through their contributions to the formation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment absorption. MSMEs are also recognized for their strong economic resilience, making them a key pillar of national financial and economic stability. Acknowledging this significance, through the Student Community Service Program (KKM), Group 36 conducted training and mentoring for MSME actors in Bulakan Village over a two-month period. This initiative aimed to enhance the understanding of MSME actors regarding the critical impact of branding, packaging design, and product innovation on marketing strategies. The outcomes of this activity include the creation of distinctive product branding and logos, as well as innovations that have the potential to improve the quality of MSME products.

This study provides a comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks governing Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services across ten ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Laos, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Cambodia. As BNPL services rapidly expand throughout the region, understanding the diverse regulatory landscapes and their implications becomes increasingly critical for fostering financial stability, consumer protection, and innovation in the digital financial ecosystem.  Utilizing a literature review methodology, the research examines existing regulations, legal frameworks, and market trends, assessing their impact on financial stability, consumer protection, and fintech innovation.  Singapore is identified as the leader in regulatory practices, effectively balancing fintech innovation with stringent consumer protection. Indonesia and Malaysia emphasize financial inclusion and systemic risk management, with Indonesia's framework focusing on transparency and financial literacy. Thailand and the Philippines are refining their frameworks, while Myanmar, Laos, Brunei, Vietnam and Cambodia are still developing their regulatory approaches. BNPL services, driven by growing e-commerce and fintech ecosystems, offer significant opportunities for financial inclusion but also pose challenges related to over-indebtedness, credit risk, and data protection. The analysis emphasizes that while BNPL presents significant opportunities for financial inclusion and fintech innovation, effective regulation is critical to ensuring sustainable growth and protecting consumers from debt traps and financial instability.

This research investigates the multifaceted factors influencing Indonesian sea transportation subsidy policies and their impact on regional economic growth. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, the study identifies key drivers such as political stability, regulatory efficiency, economic conditions, infrastructure development, and policy implementation mechanisms. Political stability was found crucial for ensuring policy consistency and investor confidence, while efficient regulatory frameworks streamlined subsidy allocations. Economic fluctuations, both global and domestic, significantly influenced resource allocations, underscoring the need for adaptive economic policies. Infrastructure investments emerged as pivotal in enhancing logistics efficiency and reducing operational costs, essential for fostering regional economic competitiveness. Effective policy implementation through transparency, accountability, and monitoring mechanisms was critical in maximizing socio-economic benefits. The findings underscore the importance of integrated policy approaches to address complex challenges and leverage opportunities for sustainable economic development in Indonesia's maritime sector.

Background: The World Healt Organization (WHO) has determined that in 2022 there will be approximately 972 million people with hypertension worldwide. The incidence of hypertension tends to increase due to the lack of public knowledge about hypertension. Family support may improve dietary adherence in hypertensive patients. Support provided is form of emotional support, appreciation, informational, instrumental. Dietary adherence of hypertensive patients important determining the stability and normal value of blood pressure for the change from non-compliant behavior to compliant behavior. Objective: To analyze the relationship between family support and hypertensive dietary adherence in hypertensive patients in the Working Area of Gondangrejo Health Center, Karanganyar Regency. Methods: This study used quantitative method with zero observational analysis, sampling using the Qouta Sampling technique with sample of 91 respondents. Data analysis using Chi-square. Results: The statistical test research obtained  p value of 0.183 > 0.05 so that there was no relationship between family support and dietary adherence in hypertensive patients in the working area of Gondangrejo Health Center, Karanganyar Regency. Conclusion: There is no relationship between family support and dietary adherence in hypertensive patients in the working area of the Gondangrejo Health Center, Karanganyar Regency.    

This study aims to determine the effect of monetary policy on economic growth. This study uses the Vector Autoregression method by completing the assumption test and estimation on the research variables of inflation, investment, credit, interest rates and gross regional domestic product. Time series research data from 2003-2022 sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics of North Sumatra (BPS) SUMUT with the results obtained are inflation and interest rates give the results that inflation is influenced by investment and credit, until investment affects gross regional domestic product. Then credit also affects inflation and interest rates and gross regional domestic product is influenced by investment and credit. Thus, in determining policies that encourage economic growth the government must consider a more coordinated monetary policy strategy to deal with the dynamics of strengthening interest rates, controlling inflation, can be measures that support economic stability.

Financial conglomerates are considered to have a significant role in a country’s economy. A well-developed financial conglomerate will bring economy’s positive growth. However, when one collapses, systemic risk cannot be avoided to the financial system. The study conducts a comparative analysis of financial conglomerates/financial holding companies policies in six countries: Indonesia, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia. Furthermore, the research examines the literature review method of financial conglomerates criteria, structure, synergy, intragroup transactions, and data protection. In general, the requirements of financial conglomerates within research sample countries align with the Joint Forum. Indonesia is still developing the financial conglomerate’s minimum assets and members. Singapore is more concerned with a portion of assets, capital, liabilities, or income, while Taiwan regulates the total assets and paid-in capital. Malaysia regulates strictly with specific minimum ownership, while Australia focuses more on transaction materiality. The synergy among members of financial conglomerates may improve efficiency—however, the intragroup transactions raise systemic risk. Consumer data protection should be considered when financial conglomerates conduct cross-selling. From this study, policymakers should enhance their policies so that financial conglomerates take more advantage of generating the country’s economy while managing challenges to the financial system’s stability.

Background: Nurse turnover intention is a significant problem for hospitals, including RS Mitra Jambi, as it can affect operational stability and the quality of healthcare services. A decrease in the number of experienced nurses can negatively impact the effectiveness of hospital services. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors influencing turnover intention, such as work motivation, leadership style, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) culture. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of work motivation, leadership style, and OCB culture on nurse turnover intention at RS Mitra Jambi. Methods: This research uses a quantitative method with a survey approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to nurses at RS Mitra Jambi. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to test the relationships between independent variables (work motivation, leadership style, OCB culture) and the dependent variable (turnover intention). Results: Work motivation, leadership style, and OCB culture simultaneously have a significant effect on turnover intention (p<0.05). Work motivation, leadership style, and a positive OCB culture have a significant negative effect on turnover intention (p<0.05). Conclusion: Work motivation, transformational leadership style, and OCB culture significantly influence nurse turnover intention at RS Mitra Jambi. The results of this study provide guidance for hospital management to develop strategies for enhancing work motivation, implementing transformational leadership styles, and strengthening OCB culture to improve nurse retention.      

Limited land resources are a problem for fisheries, especially in urban areas. So the need for a new innovation in the field of fisheries for cultivation. Vertiqua (Vertical Aquaculture) is an innovation in vertical cultivation in limited land and water. The Vertiqua system as a cultivation medium has not been effective in increasing fish growth due to slow growth and high ammonia levels. Therefore, innovation is needed to increase the effectiveness of Vertiqua, namely by using the upper biofical filter. The data used to analyze is descriptive analysis by describing and describing the data that has been collected. Growth in length, weight, and survival, length-weight relationship, daily length growth rate, daily weight growth rate, and water quality were calculated using existing formulas. Comparative testing of growth was calculated using the T-test on the Mini Tab application. The results of the research showed that the top filter biofical vertiqua was able to increase the growth of koi fish. The growth value of the top biofical filter vertiqua is effective when compared to the soil pond. this is indicated by the value P<0.05. The upper biofical filter vertiqua system is also able to maintain the stability of water quality and suppress ammonia levels so that fish growth and survival are good. The vertiqua system with the upper biofical filter has an effect on fish growth, this is supported by the upper biofical filter, which is able to maintain water quality and suppress ammonia levels so that fish are not stressed and feed can be utilized properly.

This study aims to determine: 1) The development pattern of marketing volume of diesel, premium and kerosene at PT. Masokan Multi Raya as a premium and diesel oil agent in Waropen Regency during the period 2013-2021; 2) The level of significance of the variability of the marketing volume of diesel, premium and kerosene at PT. Masokan Multi Raya; 3) The average stability level related to the marketing volume of diesel, premium and kerosene at PT. Masokan Multi Raya. This type of research is comparative research. Data collection techniques are carried out using two approaches, namely through field research and library research. Data analysis techniques use quantitative analysis, namely development trend analysis, variability analysis, and relative variation analysis. The results of the study show that: 1) The development pattern of the marketing volume of diesel, premium and kerosene at PT. Masokan Multi Raya as a premium and diesel oil agent in Waropen Regency during the period 2013-2021 always increases; 2) There is a significant difference in the average sales volume of the three types of fuel oil products marketed by PT. Masokan Multi Raya as a premium and diesel oil agent (APMS) in Waropen Bawah District; and 3) Premium (VR = 0.0601) is a leading product of PT. Masokan Multi Raya in Waropen Bawah District with the most stable distribution of sales volume, while diesel (VR = 0.0864) has the most unstable sales volume and the lowest volume of kerosene.

: Oyster mushrooms are one of the popular horticultural products in the community, with a significant increase in demand from year to year. However, farmers often face difficulties in identifying and preventing diseases that attack oyster mushroom plants, which have an impact on production stability. To overcome this problem, this study aims to design an expert system that can diagnose diseases in white oyster mushrooms using the Dempster Shafer Method. This system is designed to provide accurate diagnostic information and solutions to deal with diseases in oyster mushrooms, so as to improve the quality and quantity of production. This study also strengthens previous studies using the Certainty Factor method, with an emphasis on the use of expert knowledge to overcome disease problems in oyster mushroom cultivation. The case study was conducted at Omah Jamur Tiram Stabat, where the results of the implementation are expected to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of oyster mushroom cultivation in the area.

Elderly people at the Kenanga 1 elderly posyandu who were given core stability exercises and chair base exercises. This type of quasi-experimental research is a two group pre and post test design approach, with a sample size of 50 people measured using the modified Schober test. From the test results using the wilcoxon sig value. Amoundted to 0,001(sig,<0,005) there wasan infulance of the core stability exercise treatment group, while the wilcoxon tets in the chair based exercise group resulted in a sig equal to 0,001(sig<0,005) there is influence on the chair based exercise treatment group. Man Whitney, a value of 0.210 (sig, > 0.05) was obtained, which means there was no difference in effect between the chair based exercise and core stability exercise groups. There is no significant difference between the core stability exercise and chair based exercise groups.

The relocation of Jakarta's capital to the National Capital Region (IKN) has sparked a heated debate in public policy circles. This article delves into the reasons why the House of Representatives (DPR) rejected the proposal, highlighting several key factors. The financial aspect was a major concern, given the high cost of building new infrastructure in IKN Nusantara, particularly in light of limited state funds and other development priorities. The social impact was also an important consideration, as population displacement, changes in lifestyle, and economic uncertainty were among the many potential consequences of moving the capital. Additionally, environmental issues such as ecosystem damage and increased pollution were also significant points of concern. Political stability was another crucial factor in the DPR's decision, as the potential disruption to stability caused by the move would need to be carefully assessed. The DPR has emphasized the importance of broad public consultation to ensure that any proposed relocation is supported by the community. An article highlights South Africa's successful capital relocation as an example of effective planning, strong public participation, and the resolution of infrastructure issues. These remarks can be applied to the Indonesian context to achieve a successful relocation.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening form of diabetes mellitus emergency. Rapid and appropriate management is needed to prevent worsening condition. Fluid management in DKA is important to improve tissue perfusion, correct electrolyte imbalance, reduce blood glucose concentration and counterregulatory hormones. This case report aims to describe the fluid management in a client with instability of blood glucose levels in DKA. A 42-year-old woman was rushed to the emergency room with decreased consciousness for 3 hours. Laboratory examination results: blood glucose >600mg/dL, Base Excess <-30mmol, urine ketones +3, urine protein +2, urine glucose +4, pH 6.8, HCO3 1.9mmol/L. The client had unstable blood glucose levels while in the treatment room. Fluid management was performed by combining 0.9% NaCl, WIDA 2A, 40% dextrose bolus, and continuous insulin drip, that was adjusted according to the client's blood glucose level. After receiving fluid management, the client's blood glucose levels are stable in the range of 100 - 200mg/dL on the fifth day until the client recovered. Providing fluid management tailored to the management of DKA and client needs can improve the stability of blood glucose levels so that this fluid management intervention can be utilized for DKA clients with similar complaints.