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Urban waste management remains a major challenge in achieving a clean and sustainable environment, including in Bontoduri Sub-district, Makassar City. Waste banks, as a community-based waste management model, have significant potential to reduce waste generation while creating economic value. However, in practice, the role of waste banks has not been fully optimized due to limitations in institutional capacity, community participation, and managerial practices. This community service activity aimed to strengthen the role of waste banks in promoting a clean and economically valuable environment through participatory and community empowerment approaches. The methods employed included preparation, environmental education and socialization, waste bank management training, institutional mentoring, and activity evaluation. The program involved approximately 30 participants consisting of waste bank managers, local government representatives, and community members. The results indicated an increase in community awareness and understanding of waste segregation, improved managerial and administrative capacities of waste bank operators, and enhanced community participation in waste-saving activities. In addition, waste banks contributed to generating added economic value from household waste and reducing the volume of waste disposed of into the environment and landfills. This activity concludes that strengthening the role of waste banks through education, training, and continuous mentoring can serve as an effective strategy to support sustainable urban waste management based on circular economy principles.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one of the indicators of the quality of maternal and child health services in a country. Based on data from the 2024 SDKI (Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey), the maternal mortality rate decreased compared to the previous year, from 4,482 cases in 2023 to 4,150 deaths in 2024, but this figure is still far from the 2030 SDG target. In an effort to reduce maternal mortality, the government's program is the Program for Birth Planning and Complication Prevention (BPCR or P4K in bahasa), which emphasizes community empowerment in monitoring pregnant, delivering, and postpartum mothers. In its implementation, P4K still faces obstacles, one of which is the lack of knowledge among mothers and the community regarding P4K. This also occurs in RW17, Cilendek Barat Village, where many people are still unaware of P4K. Health education interventions about the importance of P4K are one of the activities carried out to increase the knowledge of mothers and the community. Participants are pregnant women, community health workers, and neighborhood association leaders. The success of the activity is measured by assessing participants' knowledge before and after the education is conducted. After education was provided, there was an 84% improvement in participants' knowledge. This activity involved community leaders, so it is hoped that it can increase knowledge and understanding of the importance of P4K.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the quality of human resources (HR) among Posyantek administrators in North Serpong District through the management of Appropriate Technology (TTG). The challenge faced by partners is the limited understanding and skills of Posyantek administrators in managing and utilizing TTG optimally and sustainably. The implementation method included counseling, training, discussions, and hands-on practice related to Appropriate Technology management that aligns with the needs and potential of the local community. The results of the activity indicate an increase in the knowledge, skills, and professional attitudes of Posyantek administrators in TTG management. Furthermore, this activity also strengthened motivation and collaboration among Posyantek administrators in carrying out their role as technology facilitators at the sub-district level. This PKM activity was concluded to be effective in improving the quality of human resources among Posyantek administrators and is expected to have a long-term impact on Posyantek development and community empowerment based on Appropriate Technology in North Serpong District.

Women's empowerment at the village level is a strategic step in strengthening household economics, especially in transitional areas such as Sunggu Manai Village, Pattallassang District. The main problems faced by partners are low productive skills and a lack of financial literacy, leading to economic dependence and vulnerability to illegal lending schemes. This community service activity aims to increase women's economic capacity through technical skills training and financial management. The method used is Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) with stages of socialization, hardskill training (making processed products), and financial literacy workshops (cash management and investment awareness education). The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge by 45% based on pre-test and post-test scores. Furthermore, participants were able to manufacture products with marketable packaging standards and gained a new understanding regarding the separation of business cash from domestic cash. The conclusion of this activity is that the integration of practical skills and financial intelligence can encourage women's economic independence and create more sustainable family financial resilience.

Women's empowerment at the village level is a strategic step in strengthening household economics, especially in transitional areas such as Sunggu Manai Village, Pattallassang District. The main problems faced by partners are low productive skills and a lack of financial literacy, leading to economic dependence and vulnerability to illegal lending schemes. This community service activity aims to increase women's economic capacity through technical skills training and financial management. The method used is Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) with stages of socialization, hardskill training (making processed products), and financial literacy workshops (cash management and investment awareness education). The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge by 45% based on pre-test and post-test scores. Furthermore, participants were able to manufacture products with marketable packaging standards and gained a new understanding regarding the separation of business cash from domestic cash. The conclusion of this activity is that the integration of practical skills and financial intelligence can encourage women's economic independence and create more sustainable family financial resilience.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common reproductive health problems among women of reproductive age and can interfere with daily activities and productivity, while limited knowledge regarding proper management often leads to ineffective handling of menstrual pain. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge of women of reproductive age regarding dysmenorrhea management through health education at PMB Lina Contesa. The activity employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach involving women of reproductive age visiting PMB Lina Contesa. Health education was delivered through counseling and interactive discussions using leaflet media. Knowledge levels were measured before and after the intervention using a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively and comparatively. The results showed an increase in participants’ knowledge after the educational intervention, with most respondents shifting from low to moderate knowledge levels before education to good knowledge levels after education. These findings indicate that health education on dysmenorrhea management is effective in improving women’s understanding, highlighting the importance of continuous educational programs in midwifery care settings as a promotive and preventive strategy for women’s reproductive health

Training on a Bluetooth-based lighting control system with Arduino Uno for students of SMA Xaverius 3 Palembang is one of the community service activities carried out by lecturers from the Palcomtech Institute of Technology and Business and lecturers from Lembah Dempo University. The purpose of this activity is to increase students' knowledge and abilities to utilize Arduino Uno for lighting control. The activity was carried out on Tuesday, November 11, 2025 in Room 3.2 of the Palcomtech Institute of Technology and Business, Palembang. The training was attended by 36 students. The implementation method was carried out by presentation and practice. The training activities were divided into three parts, namely the first presentation about Arduino Uno, the second practice of using Arduino Uno for control, the third exercise by students as an evaluation material to determine the level of understanding of participants. The results of this activity are to increase students' knowledge about Arduino Uno and its various benefits, one of which is for lighting control. This implementation went very well where the training participants actively participated in the activities from the beginning to the end and were able to carry out the exercise on using Arduino Uno for lighting control well and on time, which means that participants could understand the material presented well.

This study aims to examine the aligenment between class scheduling and the performance of the live daily prayers among student4s at UIN Walisongo Semarang. As an Islamic higher education institution, UIN Walisongo expected to integrate academic activities with the religious obligateions of its students. However, the intensity of class schedules and the dynamics of campus activities often have the potensial to conflict with prayer times, making it necessary to investigate the exten to which academic schedules are synchronized with the required times for prayer. This research focuses on three main aspects: (1) the compatibility of class schedules with the times of the five daily prayers, (2) the extent to which academic administrator consider prayer times when designing class scheduls, and (3) the forms of taysir or facilitative measures provided by the anniversity to support timely prayer performance. Using a qualitative field research method and a case study approach, data are collected through observations, interviews, and documentation related to class schedules and worship facilities within the campus environment. The findings of this study are expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between academic scheduling systems and the practice of performing the five daily prayers among students. In addition, this research aims to generate recommendations based on Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic time management principles, which my serve as a foundation for developing academic policies that are more supportive of religious observance. Such policies would help ensure that academic activities and religious obligations can operate in harmony and mutually reinforce one another.

Obligatory prayer is a fundamental act of worship in Islam; performing it earns reward, while neglecting it results in sin for those who have fulfilled the required conditions, namely being of legal age (baligh), of sound mind, and free from ritual impurity (hadath). The background of this study is important for understanding how the values upheld by classical fiqh scholars and Islamic teachings can be interpreted in a way that connects traditional understanding with the needs of the Muslim community in the modern era. This research aims to identify, analyze, and compare the values of farḍu prayer based on the perspectives of different groups of scholars. The results show that classical scholars emphasize values such as obedience, order, legal aspects, discipline, and devotion (khushu’). In contrast, contemporary scholars place greater emphasis on personal transformation, social ethics, and the importance of prayer in shaping the character of the modern Muslim.The conclusion is that these two perspectives can be integrated to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the values of farḍu prayer that remain relevant for all times. Farḍu prayer holds a central position in Islam as the second pillar of Islam after the declaration of faith (shahada) and consists of five daily prayers: Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha.

This study aims to explore the understanding of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) actors regarding financial statements as a basis for applying for Islamic financing. Financial statements play a crucial role in assessing business feasibility, especially in Islamic banking which emphasizes the principles of transparency, justice, and accountability. This research employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations involving MSME actors and Islamic banking practitioners. The results indicate that most MSME actors have limited understanding of financial statements, both in terms of preparation and utilization, which impacts their ability to access Islamic financing. Therefore, collaboration between Islamic banks and educational institutions is needed to improve MSME financial literacy, so they are better prepared and have sufficient understanding to prepare financial reports in accordance with Sharia principles. This is expected to improve access to and the quality of financing received by MSMEs in Indonesia.

The digital era continues to evolve and bring innovation and change to various industries. Through digital transformation and strategies needed to overcome obstacles in the digital era, organizations can adapt and change. To achieve their goals, MSMEs must implement efficient marketing techniques in their operations. This community service method uses the PAR (Participatory Action Research) technique. This is in line with the conditions of the partner, Dwikora Village, which has human resources that are well known to both village officials and residents. The results found that due to a lack of understanding of digital marketing communication management procedures, they were unfamiliar with digital marketing techniques, different social media platforms, or how to measure their effectiveness. The Community Service Team conveyed their understanding of the importance of digital marketing communication in improving the knowledge and skills of residents as an effort to improve their marketing communication skills. This was because many residents, especially mothers, did not understand how to use digital marketing to promote their MSMEs. The team formed a content creation team or digital marketing communication managers, socialized the value of digital marketing communication to the sub-district residents in improving their knowledge and skills, and implemented a digital marketing communication message management strategy on Instagram. After these activities, partners can create interesting and relevant content that suits the interests of the target audience in Dwikora Village, namely its residents.

This study aims to analyze the development of elementary school students (ages 8–9) in terms of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, moral, and spiritual aspects. The research subjects were two third-grade students named Dinul Mumtaz (8 years old) and Alfatir Ramadhan Hendri (9 years old). This study used a qualitative approach, with observation and interviews as the main data collection techniques. The results indicate that both students show physical development appropriate for their age, with well-developed fine and gross motor skills. In the cognitive aspect, both have reached the concrete operational stage, characterized by logical thinking, understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, and the ability to solve tasks using concrete objects. In terms of emotional and social development, Dinul and Alfatir demonstrate the ability to recognize and manage emotions, as well as build positive social relationships with peers and teachers. Moral development shows that both students are in the heteronomous and early conventional stages, where they obey rules due to authority and a desire to gain social approval. Meanwhile, in the spiritual aspect, both students demonstrate good religious habits and an understanding of spiritual values reflected in their daily behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of both students is in a good category and in accordance with child development theories, supported by positive influences from family and school environments.

This study discusses fiqh ibadah as an important branch of fiqh that regulates the procedures for performing worship in accordance with Islamic law. The main objective of this study is to clarify the basic concepts of law, principles, and scope of worship in Islam so that its implementation is in accordance with sharia provisions. The data sources consist of primary literature (the Qur'an and Hadith) by analyzing scientific works from Google Scholar from 2018 to 2025 sourced from Indonesian and English journals. This study systematically describes the meaning of fiqh ibadah, sharia, and the legal basis derived from the Qur'an, sunnah, ijma, and qiyas. It includes complete arguments such as istihsan, maslahah, and urf. The discussion also covers the principles of ibadah mahdhah, which emphasize the necessity of evidence in its implementation to prevent bid'ah practices. The scope of fiqh ibadah focuses on four main acts of worship, namely prayer, zakat, fasting, and hajj, which have specific provisions in sharia. In addition, it also discusses the essence and purpose of worship, which shows that worship is a form of submission and love of a servant to Allah SWT and the main purpose of human creation. Through an understanding of fiqh worship, Muslims are expected to be able to perform worship correctly, validly, and accepted by Allah SWT, as well as a means of achieving benefit and happiness in this world and the hereafter.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the Indonesian economy, but still face significant obstacles in intellectual property rights protection, particularly patents and trademarks. This study aims to analyse the legal aspects of patent and trademark registration for MSMEs based on the Indonesian legal framework, with a focus on the implementation of Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright and related intellectual property regulations. The research method uses a normative legal approach with a literature analysis of legislation, scientific journals, and the latest statistical data. The results of the study show that the level of patent and trademark registration by MSMEs in Indonesia is still very low, with only 2.3% of MSMEs having registered their trademarks in 2023. The main obstacles include limited legal understanding, high registration costs, complex administrative procedures, and a lack of socialisation. This study recommends simplifying regulations, subsidising registration costs, improving legal education, and strengthening synergy between the government, academics, and MSME actors to improve the protection of intellectual property rights in the MSME sector in Indonesia.

The limited ability of teachers to write scientific papers remains one of the obstacles to professional development and career advancement. This activity aimed to improve teachers’ competencies through scientific writing training at SMAN 1 Kayu Agung, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The method employed was training and mentoring, which included the delivery of materials on basic concepts of scientific writing, the structure of scientific articles, citation and referencing techniques, and practical sessions on preparing scientific articles. The participants of this activity were teachers of SMAN 1 Kayu Agung. The results showed an improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in writing scientific papers, as indicated by their ability to produce scientific articles in accordance with proper academic writing standards. In addition, teachers demonstrated positive attitudes and increased motivation to produce scientific works as part of continuous professional development. Therefore, scientific writing training is effective in enhancing teachers’ competencies and can serve as a strategy for teacher professional development in schools.

Household waste management remains a major challenge in rural areas, including Sunggumanai Village, Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency. Low public awareness and the absence of a structured community-based waste management system have negatively affected environmental quality and public health. This community service activity aimed to enhance community knowledge, awareness, and participation through the socialization of community-based waste management toward a clean and healthy environment. The activity was conducted on September 27, 2025, involving 30 participants consisting of community representatives, housewives, youth, and community leaders. The methods applied included educational socialization, participatory discussions, and waste segregation simulations based on the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of waste types, the environmental and health impacts of improper waste management, and the importance of collective waste management practices. Participants also demonstrated positive attitudes and readiness to implement household waste segregation, as well as emerging ideas for establishing community-based waste management initiatives. In conclusion, this activity proved to be an effective initial step in promoting behavioral change toward sustainable waste management and supporting the creation of a clean and healthy village environment.

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education learning has increased significantly, particularly among Informatics Engineering students. Although AI provides various benefits in supporting the learning process, its utilization also raises ethical concerns, especially related to algorithmic bias and responsible use of technology. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of Informatics Engineering students regarding bias and ethics in the use of artificial intelligence in learning. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 80 Informatics Engineering students who had experience using AI in learning activities. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using mean scores and percentages. The results indicate that students demonstrate a high level of ethical awareness and responsibility in using AI; however, their perception of potential bias in AI systems remains at a moderate level. These findings reveal a gap between normative ethical awareness and critical understanding of algorithmic bias. This study recommends strengthening contextual and applied AI ethics literacy within the Informatics Engineering curriculum to promote responsible and ethical use and development of artificial intelligence technologies.

The Griya Kembang Putih (GKP) community faces a challenge in properly performing the shrouding procedure for corpses, as they lack the skills required to follow Islamic law. They have traditionally followed customs passed down by local community leaders without understanding their authenticity. To address this issue, a rukti (corpse care) service has been initiated, focusing on educating the GKP community about the correct shrouding process based on the Prophet's guidance. The service employs a combination of lectures and hands-on methods to deliver knowledge. The outcome of this service is that the community now understands the proper shrouding procedure, although ongoing learning is still needed. They are now equipped to differentiate between the traditional practices they once followed and the practices that align with Islamic teachings as conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The shrouding procedure is presented step by step, making it easier for the community to comprehend and apply the correct methods when handling a deceased individual. The procedure begins by setting up a table for the body, placing seven cloth ropes, and preparing three pieces of shroud for men and five pieces for women. The body is then placed on the shroud, which is folded from right to left and left to right, with ropes tied around each part of the covered body. As a result, the GKP community is now capable of independently performing shrouding procedures in line with Shari'a law, guided by the Prophet's teachings, rather than adhering to ancestral customs.

Misconceptions are understandings that do not conform to scientifically accepted concepts, but are believed to be true by students. Misconceptions in elementary school students tend to be resistant and difficult to change if not identified early. This study aims to analyze the misconceptions of sixth grade elementary school students on the material of the human movement system. This material is often considered complex because it involves the relationship between bones, joints, muscles, and the health of the movement system. The type of research used is quantitative with a survey design. The research subjects consisted of 19 sixth grade students of SD Negeri Growong Kidul 02 who were selected through a total sampling technique. The research instrument was 10 diagnostic test items in a four-tier format (four levels) which included the level of answer, answer confidence, reasons, and reason confidence. The results showed that students' conceptual understanding was divided into three main categories: Concept Understanding (PK) of 48.42%, Misconception (M) of 50.53%, and Lack of Understanding (KP) of 1.05%. These findings indicate that misconceptions outweigh students' conceptual understanding, particularly regarding the mechanisms of antagonistic and synergistic muscles, the function and types of joints, and the relationship between nutrition and bone health. The use of a four-tier diagnostic test proved effective in accurately distinguishing students with a true understanding from those with misconceptions. This study concludes the need for innovative learning strategies and the use of concrete media to minimize misconceptions so that students have a strong foundation of scientific knowledge for the next level of education.

Effective public policy communication is a crucial factor in ensuring public understanding, acceptance, and participation in the process from policy formulation to implementation. In this context, public affairs plays a strategic role as a liaison between policymakers and the public through information management, stakeholder relationship building, and facilitation of ongoing public dialogue. This study aims to analyze the role of public affairs in realizing effective public policy communication and its contribution to increasing public understanding and participation. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of policy communication activities. The results show that public affairs strategies include policy publication, stakeholder engagement, media relations management, and the use of digital communication. However, obstacles remain, such as limited two-way communication and unequal levels of public understanding of policies. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening participatory communication, information transparency, and innovation in public affairs practices to improve the effectiveness of public policy implementation.