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The purpose of this research to revisits methods that are more effective in nonlinear Optimization with single variable polynomial functions at high degrees. Models with linear objective functions and constraint functions are Polynomials of third, fourth and fifth degree reconstructed into subproblems that are easier to solve, namely quadratic programs, using bilinear Auxiliary Functions and solved by MATLAB simulations. The method used is the development of Tawarmalani & Sahinidis' research regarding relaxation with Auxiliary Functions. Examples of nonlinear Optimization with polynomial functions are also given to illustrate the implementation of this algorithm. The results of the research show that the application of the development reconstruction method produces a global solution that is no better than the solution to the original problem so that it is not an effective alternative method to use.

This study aims to analyze the optimality of a quadratic program model using the penalty function. The analysis is carried out in each case that has been made so that in each case optimal results are obtained. There are many methods that can be used to solve the quadratic program problem but in terms of the number of iterations, this research uses the penalty function and then implements it into the Matlab programming language. The results obtained in this study indicate that by using the penalty function as a parameter, the optimal value of a function can be obtained. The results of the analysis will also be more optimal by using the lagrange method depending on the parameter values obtained.

EMERGENCY UNIT PATIENT REGISTRATION INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGN IN LANUD SULAIMAN BANDUNG HOSPITAL This research aimed to know emergency unit patient registration information system design in Lanud Sulaiman Bandung Hospital. The method was descriptive qualitative method approach to data collection techniques were direct observation, interview and literate studies that had relevance to the subject matter of research problem. The problems that hinder the process of registration in the emergency department included: 1). Processing Installation Emergency Unit registration report as a whole was still done manually and not structured; 2). Installation Emergency Unit type of service structured not yet, so many patients who were not emergency services who came to the Emergency Unit. The suggestions were given to the optimization process of emergency unit registration at Lanud Sulaiman Bandung Hospital, there were: 1). Coordination to the Head of Medical Records and Head of the Hospital for the addition of a registration officer in the emergency unit and supporting facilities such as computer information systems; 2) The hospital provides information such as notice boards or brochures about the schedule of doctors in the hospital.

The garment industry faces challenges in grouping diverse goods based on their characteristics, which can affect the efficiency of the production process and inventory management. This study aims to apply the K-Means Clustering algorithm in garment goods classification to improve business process management and optimization. The K-Means algorithm, as one of the popular clustering methods, is used to group garment goods data based on features such as size, color, fabric type, and product model. This method begins with the selection of relevant features from the dataset obtained from the garment industry. Furthermore, the K-Means algorithm is implemented to determine the optimal number of clusters using the elbow score and silhouette methods. The clustering results are analyzed to evaluate the extent to which the algorithm can form homogeneous and business-relevant groups of goods. The results of this study indicate that the K-Means Clustering algorithm is effective in grouping garment goods into several categories that are consistent with business patterns and needs. The application of this method results in a better understanding of goods grouping that can improve production efficiency and facilitate inventory management. This study contributes to the best practices in the use of the K-Means algorithm in the convection sector and shows the potential of this method in supporting data-driven decision making.   Keywords:,

Adequate lighting in a classroom is characterized by the ability to see objects clearly and comfortably without creating shadows. Lighting can be sourced naturally from sunlight and artificially from lamps. Natural lighting is only available during the day, necessitating artificial lighting during overcast weather or nighttime. The Nursing Research Centre (NRC) classrooms at Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang (Unimus) are heavily used, requiring sufficient lighting to meet standards. This study aims to measure the quality of lighting in the NRC classrooms at Unimus and determine whether it meets the established standards. The study was conducted in the NRC classrooms at Unimus, using lighting evaluation methods based on SNI 6197: 2011and SNI 6197: 2020. The evaluation results indicate that the lighting levels in the NRC classrooms do not meet the standards, with an average illumination of only 200 lux. The study recommends replacing the existing lamps with 2x24 watt LED lamps with 2x2800 lumens, and the need for small electrical power so that it os more efficient.

In this era of rapid technological development, many things are developing rapidly, one of which is the development of games in the world. Many games have been made by the developers themselves, so there are already many variations of the type of game itself, one of which is the endless runner genre game. In the endless runner game itself, there is an object that we have to create massively and repeatedly which usually applies to how to create and delete these objects massively. However, there is a better method in optimizing the implementation for massive object creation and deletion with the object pooling method, where the difference is in this method uses how to activate and deactivate objects. So in this way, it will optimize the game so that its performance does not drop and memory usage does not take up much space.

This study aims to determine the optimization of digital transactions in the School Procurement Information System (SIPLah) at PT. Intan Pariwara. The research analysis used was an analysis with a qualitative descriptive approach. While the data collection method uses interview methods and observation methods. The results of the research on each parameter, the technology, marketing, transaction, customer service, product management and finance. SIPLah PT. Intan Pariwara has advantages compared to other SIPlah partners in the system and website appearance. Even so, it still has disadvantages, namely for the payment method it only has one payment method which makes the buyer have no choice.

PSWAN is an internetworking project undertaken by Govt. of India at Pondicherry. It covers a vast area, under it there are various state headquarters and district headquarters. Approximately 3000 systems are using its internet services. Since the number of systems are more and the bandwidth required is less so optimization was needed. Optimization was required without hardware modifications, so we defined some of the parameters through which we can achieve the optimization of this network, these parameters are 1. Type of protocol 2. Type of Topology 3. Access policies 4. Load balancing 5. Traffic bottle neck 6. Bandwidth utilization. To make the network cost effective, some small networks were moved to broadband network so that bandwidth usage can be mitigated and consequently network will get optimized. Since this project (PSWAN) is using the CISCO devices only so it was easy to simulate the network, we used OPNET simulator as it is precise than other simulators. First the operational network was simulated and then the proposed one, proposed model showed evident positive results. The simulation tool used is Opnet. OPNET is extensive and powerful simulation software with wide variety of capabilities. It enables the possibility to simulate entire heterogeneous networks with various protocols

Optimization is an effort to maximize activities so as to realize the desired profit. The words morality and religion are often discussed among the people, wherever and whenever. Moral and religious development in early childhood can be interpreted as psychological changes experienced by early childhood related to their ability to understand and perform good behavior as well as understand and avoid bad behavior based on religious teachings that are believed. There are 3 types of games that can be used in the game method, 1) clap game, 2) singing, 3) game tools. This study aims to find out how to optimize moral and religious development in early childhood through the game method. This type of research uses library research or library research which makes library materials in the form of books, scientific magazines, documents and other materials that can be used as a reference source in this research. The results of the study show that this game method can be used by parents or early childhood educators because this method easily stimulates existing developments in children, both moral development and religious development. moral and religious development in children. Also using the learning game method will be more fun.

The purpose of the research is to optimize the contribution of billboard tax as a source of local funds and minimize the potential for lost billboard tax (EOL) in Demak Regency. This type of research is an explantative study that aims to find an explanation of the phenomenon of not optimal Reklame Tax as a Source of Regional funds. The object of this research is The Billboard Tax in Demak Regency. The sub-districts selected as research samples are potential sub-districts for billboards in the sense of easy access from various corners, crowded centers and or city centers including (1) Demak kecematan, (2) Guntur subdistrict, (3) Karangawen subdistrict, and (4) Mranggen subdistrict. These four subdistricts are used as analysis bases to then be generalized as a representation of Demak Regency. The data source is obtained by documentary studies, interviews with relevant officials, as well as field surveys. Data analysis is conducted with the following stages (1) calculation of potential tax receipts, (2) calculating the effectiveness of billboard tax management, 3 analysis of the causes of high low EOL and (4) formulation of policies for the optimization of billboard tax. From the results of the analysis will be formulated the right strategy to minimize EOL. The results showed that the contribution of billboard tax as a source of regional funds is still very small and not yet optimum. This happens because of the high tax on EOL (expected opportunity lost) and the number of wild billboards. The high EOL and wild billboards are due to the relatively weak governance (weak information system, coordination and supervision) and the motivation of the work of officers that has not been optimal. To optimize the potential of tax receipts need to be carried out the development of governance based on integrated information systems. To minimize EOL, a policy of strengthening the governance of The Billboard Tax is necessary: (a) establishing an integrative information system for the management of billboard taxes, (b) reorganization of the billboard tax management organization. (c) improve work rules, (d) improve more effective mechanisms of action, and (e) develop the professionalism of the officers involved.

Carangwulung village located in Wonosalam sub-district, Jombang district has the potential of abundant natural resources from plantation products ranging from bananas, durian, salak, to coffee. The large number of products produced in the Segunung Traditional Village is an interesting addition for implementers to focus on increasing promotions and marketing activities that can be carried out independently by the Segunung Traditional Village. The facilities owned by the Segunung Traditional Village ranging from coffee plantations, coffee shops, and springs should be able to make economic potential and tourism education potential that can be offered and make Segunung Traditional Village into a village that has independence in terms of the creative economy. However, the potential possessed by this Traditional Village is still not a tourism product that is well packaged and attractive for tourists who visit in a sustainable manner. This is partly due to the fact that activities have not been documented, village products are not properly published and are not published in an interesting way. Dusun Segunung has several social media options, but partners feel that creative content ideas are very difficult to grow. Starting from how photos, videos of creative products and designs can be managed properly and produced sustainably. The method of implementing community service is in the form of consultation, socialization and assistance on digital marketing strategies, especially in the form of creative videos and social media management. The socialization and mentoring covered material and practice on videography and video editing techniques using simple technology, smartphones. Through this activity, partners are expected to be able to optimize social media in promoting the potential of their villages, events and business products in order to reach a wider market so that business development and progress can ultimately increase the income of the Segunung Traditional Village.

This research is to find out how the understanding of good governance in the DPRD of Fifty Cities Regency is in the context of Supervision of the formation of Regional Regulations. This study used a purposive sampling technique where the researcher selected 9 key informants from different fields and then this research was analyzed by quantitative descriptive. The results of the study show that good governance is basically a concept that refers to the process of achieving decisions and their implementation that can be accounted for together. The importance of understanding good governance is something that must be fulfilled by every member of the DPRD so that the optimization of the supervisory function can run effectively and efficiently. Unproductive in formulating regional regulations, it is necessary to have optimal monitoring and in-depth evaluation of the outputs of regional regulations which will be a reflection of the government in being responsible for the results of these regional regulations. For this reason, it is necessary to have the participation of all stakeholders, including the community.

Perguruan  tinggi di Indonesia saat ini sudah mencapai 2000 lebih perguruan tinggi.  Perguruan tinggi bisa tetap eksis salah satu faktornya adalah dengan adanya mahasiswa yang masuk ke perguruan tinggi tersebut. Dalam penerimaan mahasiswa baru setiap perguruan tinggi tentunya tidak sembarangan, mereka akan melakukan seleksi terhadap calon mahasiswa agar mendapatkan mahasiswa dengan kualitas yang mereka harapkan. Ada beberapa cara dalam melakukan seleksi calon mahasiswa, diantaranya ada yang berdasarkan nilai rapor, ada yang melalui tes tertulis, dan ada jalur mandiri. Tidak semua perguruan tinggi melakukan pengolahan data yang masuk secara maksimal. Biasanya mereka masih mengolah data secara manual atau dengan kata lain belum menggunakan machine learning. Masalah yang ada yaitu adanya perguruan tinggi yang belum secara maksimal dalam mengolah data penerimaan calon mahasiswa. Karena belum optimalnya data yang diolah maka ada perguruan tinggi yang belum dapat membuat prediksi dalam penerimaan calon mahasiswa untuk di tahun ajaran berikutnya. Salah satu untuk dapat membuat prediksi di masa mendatang adalah dengan menggunakan data mining.  Metode yang akan digunakan dalam data mining adalah klasifikasi Decision Tree dioptimasi dengan Particle Swarm Optimization. Hasil dari Decision Tree dengan optimasi Particle Swarm Optimization didapatkan akurasi sebesar 99,94%.

The management of traditional markets has the potential to create and expand employment opportunities, especially for workers who lack adequate skills and expertise to work in the formal sector due to their low level of education, and as a place of business, small traders have many strategic values. both from an economic and socio-cultural perspective. The purpose of this study was to determine market management in Gowa Regency, especially the Sungguminasa people's market. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis in this study uses the theory proposed by Henry Fayol with the dimensions of Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling. The results showed that the lack of optimal supervision and firmness of the officers regarding the collection of market levies on kiosks and stalls, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, as well as the condition of the narrow market land resulted in street vendors not being accommodated. Lack of ineffective placement personnel became an inhibiting factor in socialization process to traders. The researcher's suggestion is that the Gowa Regency Industry and Trade Department should fix the market effectively and efficiently and increase market optimization, it is necessary to take steps to improve the quality and quantity of human resources and other supporting resources, so that traders are placed in appropriate places and it is hoped that the Gowa Regency Industry and Trade Department will pay more attention to the facilities provided. is around the market.

The management of traditional markets has the potential to create and expand employment opportunities,specially  for workers who lack adequate skills and expertise to work in the formal sector due to their low level of  education,and as a place of business, small traders have many strategic values. both from an economic and socio-cultural perspective. The purpose of this study was to determine market management in Gowa Regency, especially the Sungguminasa people's market. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The analysis in this study uses the theory proposed by Henry Fayol with the dimensions of planning,organizing,commanding,koordinating, controlling. The results showed that the lack of optimal supervision and firmness of the officers regarding the collection of market levies on kiosks and stalls, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, as well as the condition of the narrow market land resulted in street vendors not being accommodated. Lack of ineffective placement personnel became an inhibiting factor in socialization process to traders. The researcher's suggestion is that the Gowa Regency Industry and Trade Department should fix the market effectively and efficiently and increase market optimization, it is necessary to take steps to improve the quality and quantity of human resources and other supporting resources, so that traders are placed in appropriate places and it is hoped that the Gowa Regency Industry and Trade Department will pay more attention to the facilities provided. is around the market 

Early childhood development has an important role in the development of an individual. In order for a child to have good development, it is necessary to carry out early detection of the child's growth and development with the aim of achieving optimization of a child's development. Data shows an increase in the prevalence of parents who do not regularly monitor their children's growth and development. Monitoring the growth and development of toddlers is carried out in conjunction with early detection of developmental disorders in toddlers so that intervention and simulation can provide optimal results. This community service activity aims to determine children's developmental growth and deviations that occur as well as providing education to parents, especially about the growth and development of pre-school children and the factors that support children's growth and development. The target of the activity is pre-school children and mothers/parents of Prima Bhakti Kindergarten students. The method used in the activity is the KPSP child growth and development detection instrument and to increase parents' knowledge about growth and development, it is carried out through counseling, question and answer discussions and demonstrations on how to stimulate children's growth and development. The results of early detection of growth assessment using the WHO curve showed that 95% had normal stature and normal nutrition and 5% were malnourished. Examination of children's development with the KPSP instrument was 100% developmentally appropriate. The education provided to parents shows that they are active participants in question and answer discussion activities and demonstrations of growth and development stimulation.

Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that occurs because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar or glucose), or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. WHO data shows that the incidence of non-communicable diseases in 2004 reached 48 , 30% is slightly higher than the incidence rate of infectious diseases, namely 47.50% [1]. According to the Ministry of Health in 2012 diabetes caused 1.5 million deaths. Some Indonesian people, this disease is better known as diabetes or blood sugar. This research was developed through secondary data processing from the Pima Indians Diabetes Dataset health database which was taken from the Kaggle dataset and can be accessed through https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/pima-indians-diabetes-database. Where the data itself consists of 768 records with several medical predictor variables (Pregnancies, Glucose, Blood Pressure, Skin Thickness, Insulin, BMI, Diabetes Pedigree Function, Age and Outcome). Then the data will be processed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) feature selection to increase the accuracy value and the Naive Bayes algorithm to determine the accuracy results of the diagnosis of diabetes. From the results of research that has been done for the accuracy of the classification algorithm Naive Bayes is 74.61%, while the accuracy of the classification algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization is 77.34% with an accuracy difference of 2.73%. So it can be concluded that the application of the Particle Swarm Optimization technique is able to select attributes in the Naive Bayes Algorithm, and can produce a better level of diabetes diagnosis accuracy than using only the individual method, namely the Naive Bayes algorithm. Keywords: Diabetes, Particle Swarm Optimization, Naive Bayes Algorithm

Product distribution is a crucial element of the supply chain system that ensures the smooth flow of goods from producers to consumers at minimal cost and with high reliability. Distribution efficiency not only reduces operational costs but also improves customer satisfaction, market competitiveness, and business sustainability. In the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), distribution efficiency becomes even more critical due to limited financial, human, and infrastructural resources. This study aims to analyze the product distribution efficiency of UMKM Kerupuk Jaya Pesona, located in Cinanggung Village, Serang Regency, Banten Province, by applying two classical transportation methods: the North West Corner (NWC) and Least Cost (LC) methods. Both methods were used to determine the allocation pattern that minimizes total transportation cost across three destination regions: Serang, Cilegon, and Pandeglang. The data include three couriers (as supply sources) and three market destinations (as demands), totaling 18,000 product units per distribution cycle. The results show that both NWC and LC methods yield the same total transportation cost of Rp 358,000,000, although their allocation patterns differ. This indicates that the supply–demand and cost structure of the UMKM’s logistics system is balanced. This research concludes that simple optimization methods such as NWC and LC can serve as practical decision-support tools for MSMEs without requiring complex computational models. The study also recommends the application of the Modified Distribution (MODI) method to verify the optimality of the solution and highlights the importance of logistics efficiency in strengthening MSME competitiveness in the digital era.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation that mothers breastfeed for a minimum of 6 months has not been achieved, this is because the psychological condition of mothers after giving birth often experiences disturbances, which will affect breast milk production. This problem can occur due to the transition period to becoming a parent, the anxiety felt during post partum can be one of the factors influencing breast milk production. The aim of this service is to This service activity is carried out with the aim of providing information about psychological adaptation in breastfeeding mothers and how to carry out this psychological adaptation to achieve optimization of the role as a mother at the Jongaya Community Health Center. The number of participants in this service activity was 15 people which was held on July 28 2023 at the Jongaya Community Health Center using the lecture and question and answer method as well as the sharing method. The results of this activity show changes in behavior in the form of successful adaptation, especially in psychological changes during breastfeeding.  

BLDC motor applications used in various forms in instrumentation, robotics, household, and transportation. One application of transportation equipment used as a propeller of electric bicycle vehicles. The value of the bicycle vehicle adjusted to the speed set, the amount that has determined. The purpose used in this study is to improve the efficiency of the regulation of BLDC motors on electric bicycles. Indicators of increasing performance are increasingly steady-state errors, and transient response required. The method used in this research is to do mathematical modeling in the form of transfer and optimization function equations. The model used is the model with the structure of the transfer function, while the optimization method used in this study is the Ziegler-Nichols method and firefly algorithm. The firefly algorithm is used in this study to obtain optimal Kp, Ki, and Kd values. The results showed that the firefly algorithm achieved better performance compared to the Ziegler-Nichols method.