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The postpartum period following Sectio Caesarea is often accompanied by acute pain due to surgical incisions, which may interfere with mobilization, breastfeeding, and maternal recovery. Effective pain management is essential to prevent further complications and enhance maternal comfort. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions such as Benson relaxation therapy can be implemented. This study aimed to evaluate the application of Benson relaxation therapy in reducing acute pain among postpartum Sectio Caesarea mothers.This study employed a case study design involving four postpartum Sectio Caesarea patients (Ny. R, Ny. A, Ny. Y, and Ny. S) treated in the Ayyub Ward of RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang in 2026. Data were collected through comprehensive nursing assessments, pain intensity measurement using a numeric rating scale, observation of mobilization ability, and evaluation before and after intervention.The results showed that after regular implementation of Benson relaxation therapy, all patients experienced a gradual decrease in pain intensity (from scale 4–7 to ≤3), improved comfort, better breathing control, and increased ability to perform early mobilization. Consistent nursing education, therapeutic guidance, and family involvement supported the effectiveness of the intervention. It can be concluded that Benson relaxation therapy is an effective, safe, and easily applicable nursing intervention for reducing acute pain in postpartum Sectio Caesarea patients.

Environmental pollution and degradation remain serious issues in Indonesia, causing significant impacts on ecosystems and the social life of communities. One of the fundamental principles in environmental law aimed at ensuring ecological restoration is the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP), which obliges polluters to bear all costs arising from environmental pollution or damage caused by their activities. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of enforcing the Polluter Pays Principle as a mechanism for ecological restoration in resolving environmental disputes in Indonesia. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that although the Polluter Pays Principle has been normatively adopted in Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, its implementation in practice remains suboptimal. Major obstacles include weak law enforcement, power imbalances between business actors and affected communities, lack of transparency in the use of compensation funds, and limited public participation in environmental restoration processes. Therefore, strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing the capacity of law enforcement institutions, and adopting a restorative justice approach are necessary to ensure that the Polluter Pays Principle functions effectively in achieving ecological restoration and environmental justice in Indonesia.

Air pollution constitutes a significant environmental problem with far-reaching impacts on public health, quality of life, and ecosystem sustainability, particularly in urban areas and industrial zones in Indonesia. Although the national environmental legal framework has adopted the principle of strict liability through Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, its implementation in air pollution cases continues to face substantial challenges, especially with regard to the proof and assessment of non-material damages. Non-material damages such as disturbances to living comfort, deterioration of environmental quality, psychological stress, and health-related anxiety are intangible in nature and lack clear measurement standards, resulting in their frequent exclusion or inadequate consideration in environmental civil litigation. This study aims to analyze the legal basis for the application of the strict liability principle to air pollution cases in Indonesia, identify relevant forms of non-material damage, and examine the implications of the absence of standardized methods for assessing such damages on legal certainty and the effectiveness of corporate liability enforcement. The research employs a normative legal research method with a library-based approach, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method, drawing upon legislation, court decisions, and scholarly literature on environmental law and environmental damage valuation. The findings indicate that the absence of standardized criteria for assessing non-material damages leads to evidentiary difficulties, inconsistent court decisions, and a weakened deterrent effect on polluting corporations, thereby preventing the full realization of victims’ rights to effective remedies. This study underscores the urgency of developing an integrated national technical guideline for the assessment of non-material environmental damages based on scientifically grounded valuation methods, as well as the need for cross-institutional policy harmonization to strengthen legal certainty, access to justice for affected communities, and corporate accountability in controlling air pollution.

Hypertension is a significant global health problem, especially in specific groups such as pregnant women. The high incidence and potential for serious complications demand non pharmacological management efforts and innovative use of local foods. This study examines the potential of local functional foods such as Ambon bananas, banana blossoms, and bamboo shoots as alternatives for health management and product development, particularly those related to hypertension in pregnant women. The method used was a systematic literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach, which encompasses four main stages: identification, screening, feasibility assessment, and analysis of results.The study results showed that the Ambon banana diet significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Factors such as age, family support, stress levels, and fast food consumption were shown to be significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women. Furthermore, bamboo shoot consumption significantly reduced blood cholesterol levels and blood pressure. In terms of product innovation, the fish floss formulation combined with banana blossoms or bamboo shoots received positive feedback from the panelists. The fermentation process of bamboo shoots is known to produce flour with a very high crude fiber content. Therefore, this local food has significant potential as a source of additional fiber and a raw material for value-added processed products to support food security and improve public health.

Background: Hand grip strength is an essential indicator of physical capacity and nutritional status that can identify obesity risk. Adipose tissue accumulation in central obesity contributes to decreased hand grip strength quality through impaired muscle force transmission. Previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding the relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength, especially in populations with high physical activity. Objective: To analyze the relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength in male construction workers with high physical activity in Medan City. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study with cross-sectional design involved 100 male construction workers aged 30-39 years selected using purposive sampling technique. Waist circumference was measured using measuring tape, while hand grip strength was measured using handgrip dynamometer. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with significance level α=0.05. Results: The majority of respondents had normal waist circumference (64%) with mode 70 cm and normal grip strength category (53%) with mode 41.7 kg. Chi-Square test showed significant relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength (p=0.039). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between waist circumference and hand grip strength in construction workers. High physical activity does not completely prevent central obesity, therefore nutritional management and health education programs are needed for optimization of body composition and muscle functional capacity.

This study examines the influence of work experience, knowledge, education, and leadership policies on the implementation of PSAK 109 for Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah accounting at Zakat Management Bodies in Pontianak City and Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. Although PSAK 109 is essential for ensuring transparency and accountability in zakat fund management, its implementation remains suboptimal in practice. A quantitative survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to zakat officers (amil) at BAZNAS and Zakat Collection Units. Using purposive sampling, the data were analyzed through validity, reliability, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that work experience, knowledge, and leadership policies significantly and positively affect PSAK 109 implementation, while education does not show a significant effect. Collectively, all variables have a significant influence. The study concludes that practical competence, technical understanding, and supportive internal policies are more crucial than formal education. Strengthening training and leadership policies is recommended to enhance accountability and transparency.  

Semarang City is an urban area with a high vulnerability to flooding. Based on data from the Semarang City Regional Disaster Management Agency, in 2022 there were 133 flood events with extreme rainfall reaching 200 mm per day. Kota Lama Semarang is a historical tourist destination with high heritage value, but this area often faces flooding challenges, especially around the Tawang Polder Area with inundation reaching 30-100 cm. This condition is triggered by an existing drainage system that is not optimal due to limited channel capacity and blockages caused by sedimentation. The purpose of this study is to develop the SEMAR-SUDs smart drainage system innovation. The writing method was carried out through literature studies, hydrometeorological data reviews, and descriptive-quantitative analyses, which formed the basis for the design and implementation of the innovation. SEMAR-SUDs (Semarang-Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems) concept is an integrative solution that combines three main elements Debris Separate Baffle Boxes (DSBB) as a technology for separating waste and sediment, ArborFlow technology based on ecodrainage that optimizes rainwater retention and distribution and Self Closing Flood Barriers that work automatically to protect critical areas. The implementation of SEMAR-SUDs can be a solution model in increasing flood disaster resilience in the city of Semarang while supporting the realization of SDGs 9 (sustainable infrastructure development), SDGs 11 (resilient and sustainable cities), and SDGs 13 (climate action). The SEMAR-SUDs innovation is highly suitable for implementation in Semarang City to mitigate flooding and realize a smart, adaptive, and sustainable drainage system infrastructure.

Background: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most frequently encountered oral mucosal conditions. Although RAS has been extensively considered clinically and through research, ulcer occurrence remains unavoidable, and most treatment approaches are primarily symptomatic. Objective: To identify anxiety as a predisposing factor in patients with minor RAS. Case Report: A 24-year-old female patient presented to Soelastri Dental and Oral Hospital with a complaint of an ulcer on the right upper lip. The patient reported pain and a burning sensation for the past four days. The pain worsened when consuming hot food or beverages. The patient had experienced similar episodes previously but had never sought treatment for this condition. Intraoral examination revealed a single shallow ulcer with an oval shape, regular margins, a yellowish-white base surrounded by an erythematous halo, measuring 3 × 2 mm on the right upper lip, and was symptomatic. Case Management: The treatment provided focused primarily on Communication, Information, and Education (CIE). The patient was informed about the predisposing factor experienced, which may contribute to the occurrence of RAS, namely anxiety. The patient also received education regarding maintaining oral hygiene, consuming fruits and vegetables, increasing water intake, eating more regularly, attending a follow-up visit seven days after treatment, and managing anxiety. Conclusion: In this case, RAS management was focused on eliminating predisposing factors, particularly anxiety, which was strongly suspected to be the triggering factor for minor RAS in this patient.

Cultural traditions play a vital role in sustainable tourism by shaping social values, collective identity, and long-term cultural continuity. Caos Dahar, a Javanese practice involving communal food preparation and sharing, serves as an expression of gratitude, spirituality, and social cohesion. Despite its cultural significance, it has been rarely examined from a management perspective, particularly in relation to its integration into sustainable tourism systems. This study analyzes Caos Dahar as a form of cultural tradition management and explores its contribution to sustainable tourism. The research highlights the lack of management-oriented studies combining cultural traditions with sustainability frameworks. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted, using secondary qualitative data from documented practices and relevant academic literature. Data were analyzed using thematic categorization and interpreted through a multi-theoretical framework, including motivation theory (ERG), social network theory, and cultural philosophy. The findings reveal that Caos Dahar functions as a managed cultural practice, involving implicit management processes such as planning, coordination, and role distribution. The tradition fulfills existential, relational, and growth-oriented needs, sustains social networks, and exhibits adaptability across various cultural dimensions. These characteristics enable Caos Dahar to contribute to the social, economic, and cultural aspects of sustainability within tourism. The study concludes that cultural traditions can be viewed as intangible strategic resources when properly managed. This research expands management and tourism studies by offering a management-oriented interpretation of cultural traditions and moving beyond outcome-based sustainability perspectives toward process-oriented cultural tradition management.

Oral candidiasis pseudomembranous is an infection of the oral cavity caused by microorganisms such as fungi, specifically due to the overgrowth of Candida albicans. It frequently manifests in individuals with impaired local or systemic immunity, or those with specific behavioral risk factors. Predisposing factors, such as habitual alcohol consumption and smoking, play a significant role in reducing the resilience of the oral mucosa and altering the balance of the normal oral flora. This case report aims to examine the correlation between behavioral risk factors and the development of pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. A 22-year-old male was reported to have a lesion consisting of thick, raised, whitish plaques that were non-scrapable and asymptomatic. The patient had an unhealthy lifestyle, including alcohol consumption and smoking two packs per day, along with poor oral hygiene. To confirm the suspicion of oral thrush, a potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination was performed, which revealed the presence of Candida albicans. This led to therapeutic management using Nystatin (Candistatin) and Chlorhexidine, complemented by mechanical treatment with a tongue scraper. Pseudomembranous oral candidiasis in this 22-year-old male patient is a classic example in which local behavioral risk factors and lifestyle act as the main triggers of infection.

Technology-based information systems play an important role in financial management to enhance transparency. Financial transparency is a crucial factor for the sustainability of financial institutions and for building members’ trust. This study aims to analyze the implementation of a technology-based information system in financial management to improve transparency at the Credit Union Savings and Loan Cooperative Bahtera Sejahtera. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that financial management at Credit Union Bahtera Sejahtera has been conducted online using the ESCETE application. Through this application, members are able to independently access financial data, while the financial reporting process is carried out transparently and can be accounted for. Furthermore, financial management is implemented through several stages, including planning and budgeting, recording and processing financial transactions, internal control, reporting and accountability, as well as the application of financial governance and compliance. The implementation of a technology-based information system has proven to enhance transparency, strengthen accountability, and support increased member trust in cooperative management.

This study aims to examine the global marketing strategies implemented by The Coca-Cola Company in maintaining its competitive position in international markets. The advancement of globalization requires multinational corporations to design marketing strategies that are not only globally standardized but also adaptable to local market characteristics and consumer needs. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, conducted through the review of relevant literature, corporate reports, and academic journals. The findings indicate that Coca-Cola’s success in global marketing is supported by strong brand differentiation, an extensive global distribution network through partnerships with bottlers, and the application of the glocalization concept, which balances standardization and adaptation within the marketing mix. Furthermore, market expansion strategies are implemented systematically through the selection of target markets based on growth potential, accessibility, and competitive intensity. The study also reveals that the country of origin image of the United States serves as a positive brand asset by creating aspirational value and quality perceptions across various markets, although in certain contexts it also presents challenges that require strategic management. Overall, this study confirms that Coca-Cola’s global marketing strategy is capable of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through the integration of strong global branding, product innovation, and responsiveness to local market dynamics.

Culinary MSMEs serve as a vital economic pillar; however, they often encounter significant internal management obstacles and low digital competitiveness. Sabila Snack & Bakery faces complex challenges, including unstructured production schedules, limited digital marketing literacy, inconsistent visual branding, and financial record-keeping that remains intertwined with personal funds. This community service initiative aims to provide applicable solutions by strengthening internal management and digital marketing strategies to enhance operational efficiency and business competitiveness. The methodology employed is Participatory Action Research (PAR), encompassing stages of observation, interviews, technical assistance, and evaluation. The results indicate a significant transformation in business governance. The implementation of daily production schedules has successfully improved workflow regularity and operational efficiency. Furthermore, branding reinforcement through the establishment of a permanent logo, the creation of systematic product catalogs, and the optimization of social media platforms such as WhatsApp Business, Instagram, and TikTok has effectively increased business visibility and professionalism in the digital sphere. Additionally, the application of a simple bookkeeping system has fostered administrative discipline and a clear separation between personal finances and business capital. Overall, this intervention has successfully transitioned the business from traditional management patterns toward a more structured, professional, and sustainable management model ready to compete in a broader market.

The community service program conducted by students during the Field Work Practice (PKL) at TPQ Nurul Huda, Riam Mengelai Village, is implemented as a tangible contribution to student guidance, focusing on enhancing religious competence, discipline, and worship skills. This program was motivated by the need to improve the quality of religious education systematically and according to the skill level of each student, making learning more effective and targeted. The objective of this service is to optimize student guidance by improving Quran reading skills, daily prayer memorization, moral development, and active participation in religious activities according to each class’s ability. The implementation method includes initial observation, planning a guidance program based on skill levels, direct teaching and learning, individual and group mentoring, and periodic evaluation. Students are divided into four classes according to their ability: Class 1 for students at IQRA’ levels 1 and 2, Class 2 for IQRA’ 3 and 4, Class 3 for IQRA’ 5 and 6, and Class 4 for students who can read the Quran fluently. Each class receives materials tailored to their level, ranging from introduction to Arabic letters, Quran reading, daily prayer memorization, to moral development and worship practices. This class-based guidance approach allows PKL students to provide focused attention, ensuring optimal learning outcomes. The results show significant improvements in students’ discipline, learning motivation, Quran reading skills, prayer memorization, and moral understanding. Class-based guidance according to skill levels provides each child with an appropriate learning experience, enabling maximal development. PKL students gain practical experience in early childhood religious education, lesson development, and classroom management. This program is expected to serve as a systematic, effective, and sustainable model for student guidance at TPQ Nurul Huda.

Financial literacy plays a vital role in enhancing family well-being, particularly in the management of household income and expenditures. As the primary managers of household finances, homemakers need to possess a sound understanding of prudent financial management. This educational program was designed to provide and enhance financial literacy for homemakers who are members of the PKK organization in Mijen Village, Kebonagung District, Demak Regency. The implementation methods included the delivery of financial literacy materials accompanied by relevant examples, interactive discussions and question-and-answer sessions, as well as the provision of financial strategy recommendations aimed at achieving household financial well-being. The results of the program indicate that the core materials can be categorized into financial literacy enhancement, effective financial management, and investment (saving). The majority of participants allocate approximately 70% to 80% of their income to routine expenditures, while the remaining portion is used for non-routine needs and investments or savings.

The increasing complexity of competition in the healthcare industry requires hospitals to adopt adaptive and strategic management practices to enhance organizational competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the role of strategic management in improving hospital competitiveness through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 41 national and international scientific articles published between 2014 and 2025 were reviewed, sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Sinta databases, following the PRISMA guidelines for literature selection. The synthesis of findings indicates that strategic management plays a significant role in strengthening hospital competitiveness through clear strategy formulation, consistent implementation, and continuous performance evaluation. Key factors contributing to competitive advantage include strategic leadership, adaptive organizational culture, effective human resource management, utilization of information technology, and integration between strategic planning and operational processes. The results emphasize that hospitals implementing strategic management comprehensively are better equipped to respond to environmental dynamics, improve service quality, and sustain competitive advantage in the long term. This study highlights the importance of strategic management as a foundational element in modern hospital governance and provides a conceptual basis for future empirical research in healthcare management.

This study aims to analyze the application of personnel management information systems at the West Sumba Regency Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM). The main focus of the research is to assess how an integrated information system is able to produce up-to-date, accurate, and can support the decision-making process in personnel policy. An integrated information system is expected to facilitate employee data management, improve administrative efficiency, and strengthen transparency in human resource management. The research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies, through interviews with relevant officials, direct observation, and analysis of relevant documents. The results of the study show that the implementation of an integrated personnel management information system has a positive impact in the form of accelerating administrative processes, reducing data input errors, and facilitating access to information for interested parties. However, the research also found a number of challenges, such as the limitation of human resources trained in the use of technology systems and infrastructure that is not yet optimal. This study concludes that strengthening human resource capacity and increasing infrastructure support is a strategic step to optimize the personnel management information system. The research recommendations are expected to be a reference for the West Sumba Regency BKPSDM and other government agencies in developing a more effective and sustainable information system.

This article examines how meritocracy is institutionalized within the public administration systems of Indonesia and Singapore and how it affects public service quality. Using a descriptive–comparative library research design, the analysis focuses on four dimensions: bureaucratic structure, governing system and political influence, administrative reform and merit mechanisms, and implications for service delivery. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s bureaucracy remains highly hierarchical and decentralized, creating uneven institutional capacity and allowing electoral–political dynamics to influence appointments and rotations, which weakens consistent merit implementation. In contrast, Singapore operates a streamlined and centrally coordinated bureaucracy supported by high political stability, rigorous competency-based recruitment and promotion, transparent performance management, and competitive remuneration, enabling merit principles to be applied more consistently. These differences translate into more uniform and efficient public services in Singapore, while Indonesia continues to experience variability across regions and sectors. Strengthening merit enforcement, oversight, and professional culture is therefore crucial to improve the effectiveness and equity of public services in Indonesia.

Education is a conscious and planned effort to develop individual potential in order to create qualified human resources. Therefore, to achieve this goal effectively, strong management, good coordination, and solid solidarity among all educational elements are necessary. Solidarity among educators plays an important role in supporting the implementation of educational programs and achieving institutional goals. This study aims to determine the principal's methods and strategies for increasing solidarity among educators in the school environment. This study employed a qualitative research method, with data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation related to school activities. The validity of the data was ensured using triangulation techniques to maintain accuracy and credibility. The results show that educator solidarity at SMPIQu Al-Bahjah is implemented through routine deliberations, structured morning briefings, and regular weekly evaluations involving all educators. These activities are consistently carried out as a collective effort to achieve the school’s vision and mission. The implications of this research are expected to provide practical benefits for educational institutions in strengthening educator solidarity. In addition, this research can serve as a reference for other academics in developing and applying Emile Durkheim's structural-functional theory within educational management contexts.

Financial literacy is an important skill that needs to be introduced from an early age so that children can understand the value of money and manage it wisely. This activity aims to improve basic financial literacy among children at LKSA Santa Anna Bojonegoro through a participatory educational approach. The implementation method included pre tests, interactive material delivery, discussions, and simple case studies on priority scales and budgeting. Of the 37 participants, 20 children aged 8–18 were sampled. The pre-test results showed an average understanding of basic financial literacy concepts of 73.6%. After the activity, there was an increase in understanding, indicated by the participants' ability to differentiate needs from wants, develop spending plans, and foster savings awareness. The facilitator also found that the main issue among participants was self-control over consumptive behavior, which was addressed through reflective exercises and the implementation of strategies for delaying purchasing decisions. This activity was well-received and proven effective in fostering a rational mindset regarding pocket money management. Overall, this socialization of basic financial literacy can be the first step in developing responsible financial habits from an early age.