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Along with the development of the times and increasingly competitive market demands, there is an urgent need to develop post-harvest handling strategies based on technological innovation, strengthening farmer capacity, and developing supporting infrastructure in Makale District. This strategy not only aims to reduce the level of yield loss, but also increase product added value, expand market access, and encourage agricultural-based regional economic growth. This study uses the SWOT Analysis Method used to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the implementation of rice post-harvest handling strategies. The results of this analysis can be used to formulate recommendations for more effective and sustainable strategies for farmers and other stakeholders. The results of the study by carrying out a SWOT analysis include strengths including long experience, farmer group socialization, quality awareness, weaknesses including dominant age old, limited capital, traditional methods, high yield loss, opportunities including government programs, local rice demand, the role of extension workers, the availability of appropriate technology and Threats including extreme weather, competition with modern areas, limited infrastructure, low farmer regeneration. This study emphasizes the importance of transforming harvest-post-harvest practices from traditional to semi-modern based on farmer groups. A combination of training, provision of tools and ongoing support is essential to reduce yield losses, improve grain quality and maintain agricultural sustainability in Tana Toraja.

This study aims to analyze the investment policies in Semarang City, focusing on Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2014 and its execution by the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office (DPMPTSP). Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research applies the policy implementation theory by Edward III, examining four variables: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results show that despite significant efforts to promote investment, the policy implementation still faces various challenges. These include suboptimal communication between agencies, limited human resources (HR) capacity, and misalignment between regional regulations and newer national policies, such as the Omnibus Law and the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. Although Semarang City has great investment potential supported by adequate infrastructure, the realized investment has yet to meet the set targets. Therefore, this study recommends an optimization strategy that includes simplifying licensing procedures, enhancing the capacity of apparatus, harmonizing regulations across government levels, and integrating technology to improve transparency and ease of investment.

Insurance is a service designed to prevent or mitigate various potential risks. The Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) is authorized to resolve consumer disputes through three alternative methods: arbitration, conciliation, and mediation. This study aims to analyze the legal force of mediation outcomes and to identify and examine the obstacles encountered in the implementation of insurance dispute resolution through BPSK mediation. This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory approach through literature review. The analysis is conducted qualitatively based on legal regulations and principles. Data is sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary materials, and the process consists of three stages: formulation, analysis, and conclusion. The findings indicate that although BPSK’s authority is limited, its decisions are final and binding, and mediation agreements remain legally valid. If no objection is filed, the agreement must be implemented, with criminal consequences for non-compliance. However, the effectiveness of consumer dispute resolution remains hindered by weak legal force, limited regulatory framework, institutional capacity constraints, and potential external intervention.

The increasing demand for electrical energy and the issue of climate change are driving the utilization of renewable energy, one of which is through Solar Power Plants (PLTS). The Province of Bali targets the development of PLTS of 108.2 MW, equivalent to 8.62% of the total solar energy potential of 1,254 MW by 2025. However, land limitations pose an obstacle to the construction of large-scale PLTS. Floating solar power plant design can be a solution to this issue. By utilizing 4,955.32 m² of water surface at the Telaga Tunjung Dam, the Floating Solar Power Plant at Telaga Tunjung Dam has a potential capacity of 141.4 kWp, using 280 Trina Solar modules of type TSM-DEG18MC.20(II) (505 Wp) combined with one SG110CX inverter with a capacity of 110 kW. The annual electricity production of the floating solar power plant, based on Helioscope software, is 201.1 MWh. The economic feasibility parameters used in this study include initial investment cost, Profitability Index (PI), and Payback Period (PP). The analysis results show that the 141.4 kWp floating solar power plant project at Telaga Tunjung Dam has an initial investment value of IDR 1,248,764,582, a PI of 1.26, and a PP of 3.91 years. Therefore, this project is considered economically feasible and contributes positively to reducing CO₂ emissions.

A target is needed for kicks and attacks. Currently, these targets are always held by the lecturer, which, when used, significantly wastes time in learning sessions. With the funded Community Service Program (PKM) activity, the lecturer developed his creativity by creating a target stand, which was still incomplete at the time. The results of this community service implementation will impact students in the Physical Education Department at Lambung Mangkurat University. Lecturers teaching martial arts courses have greatly benefited from the presence of this target stand. Survey data analysis results are still in progress and will be attached to the final report. In this case, the partner is a colleague within the Physical Education Department, with whom he has a collaboration in the construction and welding fields. 80% of sports equipment is made from hard materials such as steel. Therefore, the Department has a long-standing partnership with DTK (Dita Teknik Kontruksi). Furthermore, metal sports equipment is regularly maintained, and if damaged, the partner is ready to repair it at a certain capacity.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs represent a form of social and environmental accountability implemented by companies as a contribution to sustainable development. In the context of PT PLN Indonesia Power UBP Barru, CSR implementation is realized through community-based economic empowerment initiatives focusing on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly the Cahaya Bulam Bakery MSME. This study aims to assess the level of community satisfaction with the quality of CSR program implementation using the Community Satisfaction Index (IKM) approach as stipulated in the Regulation of the Minister for Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform (Permenpan RB) No. 14 of 2017. The research employed a quantitative approach with a survey method involving all program beneficiaries. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a four-point Likert scale covering 20 assessment indicators, including program relevance, community participation, communication, innovation, and sustainability. The findings reveal that the CSR program of Cahaya Bulam Bakery achieved an IKM score categorized as “Excellent,” with a conversion value of 94.13. This indicates that the program has been effectively implemented in enhancing beneficiary capacity, generating economic impact, and strengthening synergy between the company and the local community. Nevertheless, there remains room for improvement, particularly in ensuring fairness and enhancing the program’s relevance to community needs.

Climate change has a significant impact on organic rice cultivation, which depends heavily on environmental conditions. This study aims to: (1) identify the characteristics of organic rice farmers in Pagerageung District, (2) examine farmers’ perceptions of climate change, (3) analyze farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, and (4) assess the relationship between farmers’ characteristics and perceptions with their adaptive capacity. The research employed a quantitative survey method using a census technique involving 44 farmers, with data collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results showed that: (1) farmers’ characteristics were at a moderate level (score 534/880), (2) farmers’ perceptions were high (score 1,686/2,112), (3) adaptation was moderate (score 1,548/2,112) with economic adaptation being the highest, and (4) there was a significant relationship between farmers’ characteristics (ρ = 0.504; p = 0.000) and perceptions (ρ = 0.431; p = 0.000) with their adaptation to climate change. Simultaneously, Kendall’s W test (0.506; p = 0.000) indicated a significant relationship between farmers’ characteristics and perceptions with their adaptive capacity to climate change.

Container loading and unloading procedures are a series of essential operational activities carried out to systematically, safely, and efficiently move containers from ships to the stacking yard or vice versa. This study aims to examine these procedures, analyze the effectiveness of their implementation, and identify the obstacles and corrective efforts encountered in the field. The methods used include field observation (field research) and literature review (library research). The results indicate that the procedural stages involve document preparation (Bill of Lading and Manifest), ship berthing, the utilization of various loading and unloading equipment (such as Gantry Crane, RTG, and Headtruck), and container arrangement within the Container Yard (CY). The process involves three main work stages: Stevedoring, Cargodoring, and Receiving/Delivery, which require close coordination among port operators, foremen, and Stevedoring Workers (TKBM). Implementation can be hindered by crane breakdowns, headtruck limitations, traffic congestion, and slow stevedoring performance. Effective solutions suggested include routine equipment maintenance, increasing HT fleet capacity, enhancing human resource competency through training, and coordinating traffic routes with relevant authorities. Optimal procedure execution is crucial for ensuring smooth logistics flow, time efficiency, and occupational safety.

Drug stock-outs are an indicator of pharmaceutical management failure that directly affects patient safety and the quality of hospital services. Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto experienced an increase in the percentage of drug debt from 3.14% in January to 6.20% in July 2025, with 1,607 patients affected. This study aims to identify the factors causing drug stock-outs and formulate preventive strategies through the optimization of the Minimum-Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) system based on the Hospital Information System. A mixed-method approach was used, combining secondary data analysis (January–July 2025) and in-depth interviews. Fishbone analysis was applied to identify root causes, USG analysis to determine priorities, and SWOT analysis to formulate intervention strategies. Priority drug classification was carried out using the ABC-VEN method. The intervention involved implementing an MMSL pilot project for 150 drug items under Pareto category A. The analysis identified six dimensions of stock-out causes: man, materials, methods, machines, measurement, and environment. The highest priority issue was drug demand forecasting based on historical data (USG score: 125). SWOT analysis placed the organization in quadrant II, recommending a Weakness-Opportunities (WO) strategy. MMSL implementation was initiated through the development of SOPs and the entry of 150 priority drug items into the system. Drug stock-outs are caused by multifactorial issues that require systemic intervention. MMSL optimization has the potential to serve as a long-term solution, provided there is expanded coverage, strengthened human resource capacity, and comprehensive system integration.

Public service is an essential element in the implementation of village governance, aimed at providing direct benefits to the community. In this context, the leadership of the village head plays a strategic role in determining the direction of policies and the effectiveness of services provided to the community. This study aims to analyze the influence of the village head's leadership on the quality of public service in Bongkot Village, referring to Law No. 25 of 2009 on Public Service. The research method used is juridical-empirical with a qualitative approach, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation related to policies and the implementation of public services in the village. The results show that the leadership of the village head in Bongkot Village is participatory and communicative. This leadership is reflected in openness to the aspirations of the community, the utilization of information technology, and the development of human resources to enhance the capacity of village officials. However, challenges remain, such as limited technological infrastructure that hinders more effective public service and the need for capacity building among village officials to carry out their duties more effectively. In conclusion, the leadership of the village head significantly influences the improvement of public service quality. Therefore, it is recommended that continuous training for village heads and their officials be conducted, along with policy support from local governments to create more responsive and efficient village governance.

The determination of the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is a crucial element for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), especially in setting competitive prices and achieving the desired profits. However, many MSMEs still face challenges in understanding and applying the appropriate COGS determination methods. This training aims to enhance the capacity of MSMEs in calculating COGS using the Full Costing method through training and mentoring programs. The methodology used includes delivering material, calculation simulations, and evaluating the application of the Full Costing method. The research results indicate an improvement in participants' understanding of cost components as well as their ability to calculate COGS in a more structured and accurate manner. This program has made a positive contribution to the financial management of MSMEs and is expected to serve as a model for capacity development for small business owners in the future.

This community service activity was carried out to support and strengthen the role of Sunday school teachers in fostering the social and emotional development of preschool children. Early social experiences generally begin in the family, but schools and religious education institutions also play a significant role in shaping children’s abilities to interact, share, and communicate effectively. The program was implemented at PAUD Arastamar Kids Pekanbaru through participatory activities that involved teachers and children. The approach emphasized interactive methods such as giving praise, teaching simple religious values, playing games, and organizing creative learning activities. Examples included origami-making, group singing, storytelling, and encouraging children to share crayons or toys with their peers. These activities not only created a fun and engaging learning atmosphere but also helped children develop empathy, cooperation, and independence. Teachers were guided to consistently integrate these activities into their routines to maximize the positive outcomes. The results of this service showed that Sunday school teachers could effectively encourage positive social-emotional growth by combining religious teachings with play-based and interactive learning. In conclusion, the program provided valuable contributions to strengthening the capacity of teachers while creating a supportive environment for children to interact positively and independently with others.

This community service activity aims to empower the Galansia Business Group in Sait Buttu Saribu Village, Pematang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency, which is engaged in the processing of agricultural products and household products. The main problems faced by the partners include limited production capacity, inconsistent product quality, simple business management, and traditional marketing methods. To overcome these problems, the community service team applied a participatory approach by providing appropriate technology, business management assistance, and digital marketing training. The results of the activities showed a significant increase in production capacity, time efficiency, and product quality consistency thanks to the use of onion slicing machines and liquid soap mixing machines. In terms of marketing, the partners successfully utilized social media as a means of promotion and distribution, and improved product packaging to make it more attractive and professional. In terms of management, the partners were able to implement simple digital-based financial records and were facilitated in handling business legality. The impact achieved was an increase in members' income of more than 50% and the growth of entrepreneurial spirit among the village's elderly. This program has proven to be effective in supporting business independence and can be used as a model for community-based MSME empowerment in the digital era.

This community service program was implemented to strengthen the capacity of the SIJATI Business Group in managing oyster mushroom cultivation in Sait Buttu Saribu Village, Simalungun Regency. This activity was motivated by the group's great potential in oyster mushroom production, but still faces obstacles in production, marketing, and business management aspects. The method used was a participatory-collaborative approach through stages of socialization, training, mentoring, provision of modern production equipment, strengthening digital marketing, and business management coaching. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in the group's capacity. From a production aspect, the use of a stainless steel steamer machine and modern baglog racks increased time efficiency, saved energy, and doubled production capacity. From a marketing aspect, digital marketing training and collaboration with students as resellers expanded market reach, increased consumer interaction, and drove increased turnover. From a management aspect, digital-based financial records and assistance with business legality strengthened institutions and opened opportunities for access to capital. This program also had a social impact by increasing the economic contribution of housewives who were members of the group, thereby contributing to the welfare of the village community. Overall, strengthening the capacity of the SIJATI group aligns with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in poverty alleviation, gender equality, and inclusive economic growth. Therefore, this activity can serve as a model for empowering competitive and sustainable local commodity-based MSMEs.

The Student Organization Capacity Building Program (PPKO) of the PTI FKIP UMS is a community service initiative that aims to increase the added value of tempeh products in Sentono Village, Karangdowo District, Klaten Regency, with a focus on product innovation, particularly tempeh nuggets. Sentono Village has long been known as one of the largest tempeh production centers in Klaten, with more than 26 active tempeh producers. However, these producers face significant challenges in the form of conventional marketing and a lack of diversification in tempeh products, which has resulted in the village's economic potential not being fully realized. This activity was designed to address these issues by actively involving the community, including intensive training in tempe nugget production, hands-on practice under the guidance of facilitators, and interactive question and answer sessions to solve practical problems. To measure the effectiveness of the program, an evaluation was conducted using pre-tests and post-tests to quantitatively measure the increase in participants' knowledge and skills. The results of this evaluation show a significant increase in participants' knowledge and skills, proving that product innovation can be a strategic solution to improve the competitiveness of MSMEs in the modern era.

Sharia-based Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in supporting national economic growth and developing a competitive halal value chain, yet they still face challenges such as limited digital literacy, restricted access to halal certification, and insufficient marketing strategies aligned with sharia principles. This study aims to analyze the readiness of Sharia MSMEs in utilizing e-commerce platforms as a medium for halal product marketing through a systematic literature review of 50 articles from accredited national journals and reputable international publications. The findings reveal that Sharia MSME readiness is influenced by internal factors, including digital literacy, halal certification, branding strategies, and sharia compliance, as well as external factors such as government policies, digital ecosystem support, and consumer trust. The study highlights the importance of accelerating halal certification, strengthening human resource capacity, and implementing value-based marketing strategies to enhance competitiveness. The implications suggest that synergy among MSMEs, government, and digital platform providers is essential to create an inclusive and sustainable halal ecosystem, enabling Sharia MSMEs to compete effectively in both local and global markets.

Students as agents of change play an important role in the process of community development, not only in the academic environment but also in responding to various social issues. Community service is part of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi (Three Pillars of Higher Education), which emphasizes the application of knowledge while improving the social, spiritual, and economic quality of society. This study explores the implementation of the “Student Service: Al-Qur'an Generation, Literacy, and Economic Independence” program in Merambung Village, Tangkit Hamlet. This program focuses on three main aspects, namely strengthening religious education through Al-Qur'an teaching at the Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPA), improving basic literacy through guidance in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and empowering the local economy through assistance for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The Participatory Action Research (PAR) method was used, actively involving the community in every stage of the program's implementation. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the ability to read the Qur'an and the application of spiritual values, an increase in interest and skills in basic literacy, and an increase in the competitiveness and independence of MSME actors through training and the use of promotional media. In addition to providing direct benefits to the community, this program also helped develop students' capacity in the application of knowledge, social empathy, and leadership competencies. The findings of this study confirm.

This study aims to formulate strategies for developing Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) through the utilization of natural resources in the durian plantation sector in Dahai Village, Paringin District, Balangan Regency. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving village officials, BUMDes managers, village facilitators, and community members as informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis, and then analyzed thematically using descriptive methods. The findings indicate that BUMDes Dahai Maju Berkarya holds strategic potential in developing durian plantations, with positive feasibility projections in market, technical, managerial, and financial aspects. Furthermore, the mentoring process improved human resource capacity and community participation, although challenges remain in terms of capital, technical expertise, and digital marketing needs. The study concludes that durian plantation development through BUMDes is feasible and can enhance community welfare while strengthening local economic independence. Practical implications highlight the need for financial support and external partnerships, while theoretical contributions enrich the literature on village development based on local potential with a focus on specific commodities.

More than 20% of the seeds sown did not germinate normally. The problem of low chili pepper seedling growth rates was caused by low germination rates. Internal factors contributing to low germination rates in chili pepper seeds had yet to be solved. This research aimed to analyze the effect of materials and duration of seed soaking of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) as well as the results of the soaking treatment for cayenne pepper seeds (Capsicum frutescens). This research used factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor, namely soaking material (P), includes control treatment or no  soaking treatment (K), warm water with a temperature of 50˚C (P1), KNO3 solution with a concentration of 1% (P2), and colchicine solution with a concentration of 0.1 % (P3). The second factor, namely duration of seed soaking (T), includes soaking time of 12 hours (T1) and soaking time of 24 hours (T2). There were 7 treatments with each treatment having 3 replications. This research carried out dormancy observations for 7 days. The data analysis for this research was in the form of quantitative data using Two Way ANOVA and DMRT further. The parameters observed included germination capacity, and germination rate. The results of this researc that 0.1% colchicine solution (P3) and 24 hour soaking time (T2) was the best materials and seed soaking for cayenne pepper seeds with 95% germination capacity.

Indonesia is known as an agrarian country with abundant natural resources; however, challenges remain in achieving food security, particularly in rice production. Bagok Village, East Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan, has considerable potential for rice cultivation, yet farmers face constraints such as limited knowledge of cultivation practices, restricted access to technology, and insufficient training or extension support. This study aims to analyze the improvement of farmers’ knowledge after participating in technology transfer activities. A qualitative approach supported by quantitative data was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires, and documentation. Data were analyzed using a process of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show significant improvements in farmers’ knowledge across three key aspects: rice cultivation based on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) increased by 57.6%, water management by 54.98%, and pest and disease control by 35%. These findings highlight the importance of continuous and participatory training to encourage the adoption of agricultural innovations. Overall, technology transfer activities have proven effective in strengthening farmers’ capacity to manage rice fields more efficiently, thereby supporting national food security efforts.