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Students' motivation to learn can be seen if the student tries to make an effort diligently to achieve what he wants. A student who has good motivation will get good results too. Learning motivation is like a machine, if there is a driving force then the machine will operate according to what the operator wants. Likewise with motivation, if there is a driving force then there is an effort within a person to carry out certain activities to achieve a goal. However, motivation is not always shared by everyone. In his book, Soemanto defines motivation as a change in energy within a person which is characterized by effective encouragement and reactions in achieving a certain goal.   What is meant by learning motivation is an urge that arises within students to act or carry out an activity or business because of a goal, need or desire that must be satisfied. Looking at some of the explanations above, the author sees that the lack of student motivation in learning is a significant problem because remembering the objectives of learning and the efforts made by the teacher do not bring the results as expected. Thus learning is considered less successful. In this research, the type of research used is classroom action research (PTK). The research location is Elpida Noelbaki Elementary School, which is located at Jalan Sahabat no. 01, Oehau Hamlet, Noelbaki Village, Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The subject of this research is a religious education subject teacher for grade 2 elementary school students. The methods used in the research are interviews and observation. The teacher's treatment at the initial stage of learning has an impact on the growth of students' learning motivation. This is characterized by enthusiasm in following lessons. As many as 88.8% of students showed an enthusiastic attitude in participating in lessons. The teacher's treatment at the initial and final stages of learning has an impact on increasing student learning motivation. This is characterized by enthusiasm in following lessons. As many as 100% of students showed an enthusiastic attitude in participating in the lesson. Based on the implementation of the first to third cycles, it is known that the application of teacher social competencies such as teacher interaction, social skills, sympathetic attitudes and the teacher's adaptability towards students in following lessons will increase student motivation in learning. Students look enthusiastic and enthusiastic in receiving lessons in class.  

Mathematics anxiety has long been recognized as a barrier to student achievement, particularly in an era where digital technologies are reshaping education. This study aims to investigate the role of cognitive psychology in modern mathematics learning as a means of reducing math anxiety and enhancing numerical creativity among digital generation learners. Employing an experimental classroom design informed by neuroeducation principles, the research explored how interventions rooted in cognitive regulation, emotional control, and cognitive load management influence student outcomes. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test instruments measuring levels of math anxiety and creativity in numerical problem-solving. The findings demonstrate a significant reduction in mathematics anxiety following the implementation of the neuroeducation-based intervention. Simultaneously, students exhibited marked improvements in creative approaches to numerical challenges, indicating that addressing psychological factors is essential to unlocking mathematical potential. These results highlight the importance of integrating cognitive psychology into mathematics instruction, moving beyond procedural learning toward a holistic approach that considers students’ emotional and cognitive states. The implications extend to educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers, suggesting that modern mathematics education should balance cognitive development, emotional well-being, and creative problem-solving skills to prepare students for the challenges of a rapidly evolving digital world.

This study aimed to analyze the differences in the Project Based Learning (PJBL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning models at MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas on disaster mitigation material. The type of research used in this study was quasi-experimental, with research subjects namely students of class XI MA PPPI Miftahussalam Banyumas, totaling 52 students. This data collection method uses the computational computation of the SPSS program. Data processing for comparison of Project Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning models uses the t-test. The results of the t-test show the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.028 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the average student learning outcomes with the Project Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning models. The mean difference value is -5.44 which indicates the difference between the average student learning outcomes with the Problem-Based Learning model and the Project Based Learning model or 77.56 – 83 = -5.44. It can be concluded that learning using the Project Based Learning learning model is significantly more effective than using the Problem-Based Learning model.

This study was to find out how the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to the topic of Colligative Properties in the science program at SMA Negeri 1 Babalan Class XII academic year 2021–2022 would increase students' problem-solving skills and learning activities. Three cycles of action research were used in this study. 32 SMA Negeri 1 Babalan students from the first semester of the academic year 2021–2022 served as the study's subjects. The findings came from watching students engage in learning activities and testing their capacity to solve problems at each stage of the Cycle. The results demonstrated that 1) college students' problem-solving skills improved by implementing the PBL model on the Colligative Properties subject, with average values from Cycles I to II and III of 56, 77, and 87, respectively, while the percentage of classical completion from Cycles I to II and III was 44%, 62,5%, and 87%, with gains from Cycles I to II of 0,083 and from Cycles II to II equal to 0,35; 2). Applying the PBL model to the topic of Colligative Properties resulted in an increase in the students' learning activities, with an average value of 75 in sufficient criteria, 77 in sufficient criteria, and 85 in good criteria from Cycle I to Cycle II and Cycle III, respectively.

Strategy is a way or method that is chosen or it can also be interpreted as a way to achieve a goal in education. The definition of a learning strategy can be interpreted as a plan that contains a series of activities designed to achieve certain educational goals. The learning strategy includes specific learning approaches, models, methods and techniques. This research is a qualitative method, which is a method that aims to make a systematic, factual, accurate description, picture or painting of the properties and relationships between the phenomena investigated. In other words, descriptive research takes the problem or focuses on actual problems as they were at the time the research was carried out. What was collected was in the form of primary data and secondary data about teacher strategies in online learning, the techniques used in data collection were observations, interviews and documentation studies. Research leads to the methods used by teachers in online learning activities using platforms such as WhatsApp, email, and technology-based zoom.

This research aims to describe the use of statistics by teachers for recording and determining student learning outcomes in cultural arts (dance) lessons in Class X of State High School 2 KerinciProvinsi Jambi. The background to the research problem is on the teacher's initiative to use statistics in the measurement and assessment of student learning outcomes that are routinely carried out each semester. This type of research is qualitative research, with descriptive methods of analysis. The choice of this type and method of research is because the researcher describes all the field facts of the observed research object, especially in teachers as the main source of research. This research was conducted in the even semester of the 2020/2021 school year. Research instruments are records of observations, interview guidelines, and documents. Data collection techniques use observations, interviews, and library studies. Data analysis techniques exist in 8 stages, namely (1) collection; (2) transfer; (3) marking; (4) bending; (5) the application; (6) Explanation; (7) discussion; and (8) The level of inference. The results of research have described that statistics can be used to help teachers determine and assign the value of the process and the value of student learning outcomes in order to record student grades based on (1) attendance, Daily Replay (UH) grades, Midterm Examination (UTS) scores; Final Semester Exam (UAS) scores, and assignment scores. All records of values that have been collected, can be used for the determination of the final value of the semester validly.  

The main problem in this study is how to apply the Project Based Learning learning model to improve student learning outcomes for social studies learning in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Social Studies learning with the Project Based Learning learning model in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai. This type of research is Class Action Research which consists of two cycles where each cycle is carried out as many as 3 (three ) meeting times. The research procedures included planning, carrying out actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects in this study were 25 students of grade V SD Inpres Bontomanai. The results showed that in the first cycle that was completed individually out of 25 students only 10 students or 40% fulfilled completeness. student learning outcomes on social studies learning. Classically it is not sufficient enough because the average value is 65. Whereas in cycle II where out of 25 students there are 19 students or 76% completeness of student learning outcomes on social studies learning and classically it has been fulfilled, namely the average value is 75.80 or is in the very good category. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that student learning outcomes on social studies learning using the Project Based Learning learning model in class V SD Inpres Bontomanai have increased.

The main problem in this study is whether there is an effect of the use of Quartet Card Learning Media on PPKn Learning Outcomes of Grade V Students of SD Negeri Mangasa 1. This study aims to determine the Effect of Using Quartet Card Learning Media on PPKn Learning Outcomes of Class V SD Negeri Students Mangasa 1. This type of research is an experimental research type of pre-experimental design with the form of a one group pretest-posttest design. The research procedure includes pretest, treatment, and posttest. The sample in this study were 26 students of Class V SD Negeri Mangasa 1. The results of this study indicate that the effect of the use of quartet card learning media on PPKn learning outcomes for fifth grade students of SD Negeri Mangasa 1 (Pre-test) shows that the number of students who have not reached the KKM is 26 students (overall) or 0% while students who have achieved KKM is 26 students (overall or 100% with an average value of 54.7. Therefore, the results of the influence of the use of quartet card learning media on PPKn learning outcomes for class V SD Negeri Mangasa 1 are still classified in the low category and not meets the classical completeness criteria.Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the Effect of Using Quartet Card Learning Media on PPKn Learning Outcomes of Class V SD Negeri Mangasa 1 has increased.

The rapid flow of scientific and technological developments requires an increase in the quality of human resources. Education has a very important function in improving the quality of human resources. In order to find quality human resources, quality education is also needed. Improving the quality of education needs to be carried out continuously and continuously. One way to improve the quality of education is to improve the curriculum.

The application of problem based learning methods requires students to have active learning and critical thinking skills, where these abilities are factors that can affect students' GPA. This study aims to determine the relationship between active learning and critical thinking with the GPA of students of the Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malikussaleh. This study was an observational analytic study using a cross sectional approach. Statistical analysis using the Spearman test. Sampling in this study using total sampling with a total of 274 students who have met the inclusion and exclusion requirements. The results of the univariate analysis of ability active learning and critical thinking of all respondents at the most at the ambivalent level of 262 respondents (95.6%), followed by high measurement results of 8 respondents (2.9%) and low measurement results of 4 respondents (1.5%). Icumulative achievement indexAll respondents were found at a very satisfactory level of 209 respondents (76.6%). GPA with praise of 50 respondents (18.3%). Satisfactory GPA of 14 respondents (5.1%). Bivariate statistical analysis get p value <0.05. The conclusion of this studythere is a relationship between active learning and critical thinking with the GPA of students of the Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malikussaleh.

The researchers found problems in grade 5 at SD Jam'iiyatul Hujjaj Bukittinggi, namely students' difficulties in understanding Arabic vocabulary. To increase students' understanding of Arabic vocabulary, the researcher applied the question-and-answer method through picture media. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using the question and answer method through picture media to increase Arabic vocabulary and to find out the increase in Arabic vocabulary mastery after using the question and answer method through picture media at SD Jam'iiyatul Hujjaj Bukittinggi.This study used quantitative research with a group pretest-posttest design. Researchers took samples in this research experimental class of 28 students and control class of 28 students.The tools used for collecting data were observation, examination, and documentation. and student learning outcomes using the question-and-answer method through media images of 5th grade elementary school students. Based on the acquisition of an average value of 83, This is also proven through the calculation of "T." Calculate more than the "T" Table, namely 2,463.Then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded about the effectiveness of the use of the question and answer method through picture media for students in grade 5 at SD Jam'iiyatul Hujjaj Bukittinggi.

The main problem in this study is whether the use of flashcard media can improve letter recognition for second grade students in the Indonesian language subject at SD Inpres Malakaya, Gowa Regency. Based on the observations, several problems were found which were identified as the cause of the low recognition of letter shapes in class II students, namely the teacher still used one learning method and used less interesting media, so that learning became boring. This study aims to determine the use of flashcard media to improve letter recognition for class II students in the Indonesian language subject at SD Inpres Malakaya, Gowa Regency.This research uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) with individual learning models. CAR is carried out in two cycles where each cycle is held in three meetings with one evaluation. The subjects in this study were 25 grade II students of SD Inpres Malakaya, 15 male students and 10 female students.The data source is class II students, amounting to 25 students. CAR carried out in cycles I and II. The use of flashcard media in Indonesian subjects is proven to be able to improve the recognition of letter shapes for class II students. This can be seen from the results of the percentage of student completeness in cycle I by 24% and increased in cycle II by 92%. So it can be concluded that the use of flashcard media can improve the recognition of letter shapes for class II students of SD Inpres Malakaya, Gowa Regency.

The problem that occurs in class V SD Inpres Malakaya is the lack of application of a learning approach resulting in learning that tends to be boring and low social studies learning outcomes.This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which aims to find out the increase in social studies learning outcomes by applying an inquiry approach in Class 5 of SD Inpres Malakaya, Gowa Regency. Learning is carried out for 2 cycles, each cycle has 4 stages, namely: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Data collection tools in this study are observation, tests, and documentation.Student learning outcomes in cycle I showed that 11 students who completed social studies had completed the KKM with the highest score of 75, then the test was continued again in cycle II with a slight improvement in that students' learning outcomes in cycle II increased, as many as 20 students fulfilled the KKM. with the highest score of 100. Based on the results of the classroom action research that has been done, it can be concluded that the application of the inquiry approach can improve social studies learning outcomes for 5th grade students of SD Inpres Malakaya, Gowa Regency. With a completeness value in the first cycle of 50% and in the second cycle of 91%. So from cycle I to cycle II the social studies learning outcomes of students increased by 41%.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of the problem-based learning model on mathematics learning outcomes in fifth grade students of UPTD SDN Gili Barat. This research is a quantitative research with the method used is quasi-experimental and the design used is nonequivalent control group design. The sample used was 45 students from fifth grade A and B of UPTD SDN Gili Barat. Sampling using saturated samples. In this study using the experimental class and control class. Data collection used multiple choice test questions, the test instruments used were validity tests, reliability tests, difficulty level tests and discrimination tests. The prerequisite test used is the normality test and homogeneity test while the hypothesis test uses the t-test. Based on the results of data analysis using the t-test with a significance level of 0.05, the results were sig. (2-tailed) of 0.010 means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted so that it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group, the treatment given has a significant effect on the problem-based learning model of learning mathematics in fifth grade students of UPTD SDN West Gili.

This research is based on a problem found in one of the Madrasah Aliyah schools, namely the model used is not diverse enough that it is considered boring. When learning accepts students feel bored and bored. So that learning activities in class tend to be more rigid and passive. The purpose of this study was to analyze students' responses to the model. learning RMS (Reading, Mind mapping, and Sharing) on ​​Virus material. The research method used is Quasi Experimental (Quasi Experimental). Obtaining data in this study showed that the average student response was 77% in the good category. Thus it can be concluded that students' responses to the RMS learning model (Reading, Mind mapping, and Sharing) on ​​Virus material can be used because it is more fun so it can be used as an alternative. Students are expected to have the same opportunity to develop, and it is recommended that research is conducted to examine more deeply. more about student responses. against models. RMS learning (Reading, Mind mapping, and Sharing) on ​​other Virus materials.

Based on the problem background, the researcher conducted research on developing critical thinking in high school. Which is where this study aims to describe teacher strategies in developing critical thinking characters in high grades. This study uses a type of qualitative research. The research location was at SD Negeri Sawojajar 01. The implementation of this research was in June 2023. Respondents in this study were class IV teachers, class V teachers, class IV students and class V students. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data validity was carried out by source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The result of this research is to develop critical thinking in high grades, one of which is SD Negeri Sawojajar 01. The teacher's strategy in developing the critical thinking character of high grade students at SDN Sawojajar 01. Learning at school can be done in the classroom. From the results of this study students produce effective learning so that it will help teachers more easily do learning in class. Because students in high grades have thoughts that are conducive to learning.

He background of this research is the low learning outcomes of students in class III at SDN Ngijo 01 Gunungpati District, Semarang City, because the learning process is still centered on the teacher who still follows the habit in the order that begins with the teacher directly explaining the material, then evaluates students through practice. The expected goal in this study is to improve student learning outcomes in learning with the Problem Based Learning model. This type of research is Classroom Action Research which is focused on action as an effort to improve student learning outcomes by using the Problem Based Learning learning model for class III students at SDN Ngijo 01 Gunungpati District, Semarang City. This research consists of 5 cycles. Each of these cycles includes the stages of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were class III SDN Ngijo 01 Semarang, totaling 21 students consisting of 10 male students and 11 female students. Data collection methods in this study are tests and observations. The research instruments used in this study were test questions and observation sheets. Data on learning outcomes tests were analyzed in a quantitative descriptive manner and the data in the form of observations were analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The success criteria achieved by students and teachers in this study were seen from changes towards improvement and increasing student learning outcomes. The results of classroom action research carried out by the author in five cycles resulted in an increase in students' learning completeness. This can be seen from the percentage of students who pre-action achieved 38% classical mastery level, namely 8 out of 21 students. From the first cycle of students who completed only 12 or 57% of students' completeness, the second cycle had 62% classical completeness, the third cycle had 71% classical completeness, the fourth cycle had 86% classical completeness, the V cycle had 90% classical completeness. Due to the increase in student learning outcomes from having met the target of 85% so that the cycle ends in cycle V. Students show activeness in the learning process and students also understand more because they have direct learning experiences using the Problem Based Learning learning model. This proves that the Problem Based Learning learning model is able to improve student learning outcomes.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of class I students at SDN Ngijo 01 Semarang in the material form of shapes using smart board media. This type of research is Classroom Action Research. This research consists of 5 cycles. Each of these cycles includes the stages of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were class I SDN Ngijo 01 Semarang, totaling 28 students consisting of 10 male students and 18 female students. Data collection methods in this study are tests and observations. The research instruments used in this study were test questions and observation sheets. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive technique with percentages. The success criteria achieved by students and teachers in this study were seen from changes towards improvement and increasing student learning outcomes. The results of the study show that the use of smart board media is able to improve student learning outcomes in the shape material. This can be seen from the percentage of students' pre-action scores that achieved 39.3% classical mastery level, namely 11 out of 28 participants. In cycle I 64% completeness classical, cycle II 68% completeness classical, cycle III 71% completeness classical, cycle IV 75% completeness classical, cycle V 89% completeness classical. Due to the increase in student learning outcomes from having met the target of 85% so that the cycle ends in cycle V. Students show activeness in the learning process and students also understand more because they have direct learning experiences using smart board media.

 This study was motivated by the lack of use of digital-based learning media in the learning process, the absence of counseling and guidance on the dangers of drugs in SDN Kalibaru 07 morning, as well as environmental factors around the school, namely Kalibaru Barat village, which is an area prone to drug abuse. To overcome these problems, efforts are needed to develop stop-motion animation video media that aim to produce stop-motion animation videos that are practical and effective. This research uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The analysis phase includes an analysis of Learning media development needs and the characteristics of learners. The design phase includes the design of the GBPM and storyboard as a reference in developing stop-motion animation video media. The development phase includes product development and validity tests by experts, namely material experts with an average percentage score of 96.42% in the category "Very Decent", media experts with an average percentage score of 100% in the category "Very Decent", and linguists with an average percentage score of 96.87% in the category "Very Decent". The evaluation phase was conducted by providing a user response questionnaire, namely for teachers with an average score percentage of 95% in the category "Very Good", and learners with an average score percentage of 92.73% in the category "Very Good". The results showed that stop-motion animation videos are very good at instilling anti-drug attitudes in elementary schools.

The main problem in this reseach is how strengthen character in the independent curriculum in forming character in grade 1 students, the process of applying ethical values to students and the results of strengthening character though learning Javanese. This type of research is descripve qualitative. In this study the data collection used included: observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation.the analytical method used is three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. In learning Javanese, habituation can be carried out if the school environment can play a role in the habituation of learning Javanese, including the use of spoken language, behavior, and habits of these factors that have an influence on students, based on the research results that has been done, it can be concluded that the analysis of strengthening character in the independent curriculum through learning Javanese at SD Negeri Sawojajar 1 is carried out with good.