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English Correspondence is an important course for university students from non-English departments as it equips them with professional writing skills needed in the workplace, including job application letter writing. This study aims to describe students’ writing outcomes in writing job application letters after receiving instruction in an English Correspondence course. The study employed a descriptive qualitative research design. The participants consisted of 22 students from a non-English department enrolled in the English Correspondence course at Stekom university. The data were obtained from students’ final job application letters and analyzed using an analytic writing assessment rubric focusing on content relevance, completeness of letter structure, organization, and use of formal English. The findings reveal that students generally achieved good writing outcomes in writing job application letters. The strongest aspect was the completeness of letter structure, indicating that most students were able to apply the standard format and components of a job application letter appropriately. Students also demonstrated relatively good performance in content relevance and use of formal English. However, weaknesses were identified in organization and language accuracy, particularly in developing coherent ideas and using grammatically accurate formal expressions. The analysis of representative excerpts from students’ letters further illustrates variations in writing quality across aspects. Overall, the findings suggest that instruction in the English Correspondence course contributed positively to students’ ability to write job application letters. This study highlights the importance of examining students’ writing outcomes holistically to provide insights for improving instructional practices in teaching professional writing.

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that requires long-term medication adherence to prevent relapse and improve patients’ quality of life. Caregivers play a crucial role in encouraging medication adherence through emotional, informational, instrumental, and supervisory support. This descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design aimed to describe caregiver support and medication adherence among schizophrenia patients at the South Denpasar Public Health Center. A total of 100 respondents, who were family members or caregivers of schizophrenia patients, were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected through structured interviews using questionnaires and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that most caregivers provided good support (63%), particularly in accompanying patients during medication intake, actively interacting with them, and following health workers’ recommendations. Furthermore, patients’ medication adherence was mostly in the moderate (45%) and good (35%) categories. These findings indicate that caregiver support plays a significant role in improving medication adherence among schizophrenia patients. Strengthening caregiver knowledge and optimizing health education by healthcare workers are essential to further enhance adherence.

This study aims to determine the influence of work discipline (variable X1) and work culture (variable X2) on employee performance (variable Y). The research method used is a descriptive and verifiable method with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature studies to obtain comprehensive and relevant data for the purpose of the research. Data analysis techniques are carried out systematically, starting from the data compilation process, data tabulation, to the hypothesis testing stage. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression to determine the influence of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The results showed that the determination coefficient (R²) value was 69.8%, which means that work discipline and work culture simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, 30.2% of employee performance was influenced by other factors outside of the study, such as motivation, work ability, leadership, personality, job satisfaction, work environment, and employee loyalty. Thus, it can be concluded that improving work discipline and a positive work culture plays an important role in improving.

Stunting is a serious health problem that affects the physical and cognitive development of children, especially in toddlers aged 0-24 months, with a prevalence that remains high in Indonesia. Community service at the Kapasa Health Centre aims to provide health education to mothers as a strategic step to prevent stunting, using interactive methods and counselling on balanced nutrition and the importance of monitoring child growth. The program has been successful in improving maternal knowledge, with the average score increasing from 34% before the program to 78% after education, demonstrating its effectiveness in changing knowledge of child nutrition. The interactive approach encourages participant engagement, allowing mothers to actively discuss and ask questions, while visual materials reinforce understanding. To effectively combat stunting, education must be complemented by greater knowledge of nutritious foods and by parental monitoring of child growth. Collaboration with local health authorities and community organizations is critical to sustaining these efforts and ensuring that important information reaches more families. Continuous evaluation and adaptive strategies will be essential to expanding the program's reach and effectiveness, ultimately encouraging healthier future generations and contributing significantly to stunting prevention and increased health awareness in the community.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the quality of human resources (HR) among Posyantek administrators in North Serpong District through the management of Appropriate Technology (TTG). The challenge faced by partners is the limited understanding and skills of Posyantek administrators in managing and utilizing TTG optimally and sustainably. The implementation method included counseling, training, discussions, and hands-on practice related to Appropriate Technology management that aligns with the needs and potential of the local community. The results of the activity indicate an increase in the knowledge, skills, and professional attitudes of Posyantek administrators in TTG management. Furthermore, this activity also strengthened motivation and collaboration among Posyantek administrators in carrying out their role as technology facilitators at the sub-district level. This PKM activity was concluded to be effective in improving the quality of human resources among Posyantek administrators and is expected to have a long-term impact on Posyantek development and community empowerment based on Appropriate Technology in North Serpong District.

This study aims to examine the influence of internship experience, work competencies, and career flexibility on the employability readiness of students from the Management Study Program at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji in entering the workforce. A survey method with a quantitative approach was applied to 114 respondents selected randomly. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 22. The results show that internship experience does not significantly affect students' readiness to enter the workforce. However, work skills and career flexibility variables have a positive and significant impact on employability readiness. Overall, these three factors contribute positively and significantly to students' readiness to enter the workforce. The findings highlight the importance of integrated development within the higher education curriculum, including improving work skills and career adaptation to better prepare students for professional challenges. Therefore, higher education institutions need to consider these factors when designing more relevant and adequate educational programs for students.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in accelerating regional economic growth and improving community welfare. However, MSMEs in North Sumatra Province continue to face various challenges, particularly limited access to capital, low adoption of digital technology, and insufficient business assistance. This community service program aims to strengthen the MSME ecosystem through integrated empowerment initiatives, including facilitating access to financing, enhancing the use of internet-based technologies, and improving the capacity of MSME actors. The methods applied include business mentoring, training activities, and analysis of MSME performance in both short-term and long-term perspectives. The results indicate that expanded access to capital and increased adoption of digital technology contribute positively and significantly to MSME income growth in both the short and long term. Interestingly, the absence of guidance, training, and extension services shows a positive correlation with income in the short term but has a significant negative impact on business sustainability and stability in the long term. Furthermore, reliance on bank loans consistently demonstrates a significant negative effect on MSME performance across both analytical periods. These findings highlight the importance of building a sustainable MSME ecosystem through continuous mentoring, improved financial literacy, and adaptive digital transformation to ensure long-term business resilience.

The digital era continues to evolve and bring innovation and change to various industries. Through digital transformation and strategies needed to overcome obstacles in the digital era, organizations can adapt and change. To achieve their goals, MSMEs must implement efficient marketing techniques in their operations. This community service method uses the PAR (Participatory Action Research) technique. This is in line with the conditions of the partner, Dwikora Village, which has human resources that are well known to both village officials and residents. The results found that due to a lack of understanding of digital marketing communication management procedures, they were unfamiliar with digital marketing techniques, different social media platforms, or how to measure their effectiveness. The Community Service Team conveyed their understanding of the importance of digital marketing communication in improving the knowledge and skills of residents as an effort to improve their marketing communication skills. This was because many residents, especially mothers, did not understand how to use digital marketing to promote their MSMEs. The team formed a content creation team or digital marketing communication managers, socialized the value of digital marketing communication to the sub-district residents in improving their knowledge and skills, and implemented a digital marketing communication message management strategy on Instagram. After these activities, partners can create interesting and relevant content that suits the interests of the target audience in Dwikora Village, namely its residents.

This study discusses the opportunities for the development of Islamic education from the perspective of solutions offered by the philosophy of science in the era of technological advancement. Islamic educational institutions are confronted with complex problems that cannot always be resolved independently. The philosophy of science offers several solutions on how to address the challenges commonly faced by educational institutions. Often, educational institutions focus excessively on analyzing the challenges or problems they encounter, whereas there are other aspects that can be utilized as supporting factors for the development of Islamic education, namely by examining existing opportunities and implementing them effectively. This research employs a literature review method with a qualitative approach, complemented by case study analysis across various educational institutions. Many Islamic educational institutions, both formal and non-formal, have utilized opportunities as a primary strategy for developing Islamic education. Various solutions are proposed, including curriculum integration, strengthening institutional organizational structures, improving human resources as well as facilities and infrastructure, and presenting innovative ideas implemented by institutions in developing Islamic education.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the internal control system in the Personnel Division of PT Sendang Derma Pesona in supporting effective, efficient, and well-governed human resource management. The background of this research is based on the importance of internal control systems in preventing administrative errors, reducing the risk of fraud, and ensuring compliance with labor regulations, particularly in personnel and payroll functions. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using an operational audit method. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and document observation covering recruitment procedures, personnel data management, employee transfers, authorization processes, as well as payroll and bank reconciliation procedures. The results indicate that, in general, the internal control system in the Personnel Division has been implemented adequately, as reflected by complete personnel documentation and multi-level authorization in decision-making processes. However, several weaknesses were identified, including the lack of proper segregation of duties between payroll preparation and salary payment, the absence of regular bank reconciliation, and the continued use of manual personnel archive management. These weaknesses indicate that the internal control system still needs to be strengthened to minimize the risk of errors and improve the efficiency of personnel administration. The findings of this study are expected to provide practical implications for management in improving internal control policies and procedures to support better corporate governance and sustainable organizational performance.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the Indonesian economy, but still face significant obstacles in intellectual property rights protection, particularly patents and trademarks. This study aims to analyse the legal aspects of patent and trademark registration for MSMEs based on the Indonesian legal framework, with a focus on the implementation of Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright and related intellectual property regulations. The research method uses a normative legal approach with a literature analysis of legislation, scientific journals, and the latest statistical data. The results of the study show that the level of patent and trademark registration by MSMEs in Indonesia is still very low, with only 2.3% of MSMEs having registered their trademarks in 2023. The main obstacles include limited legal understanding, high registration costs, complex administrative procedures, and a lack of socialisation. This study recommends simplifying regulations, subsidising registration costs, improving legal education, and strengthening synergy between the government, academics, and MSME actors to improve the protection of intellectual property rights in the MSME sector in Indonesia.

Gross motor development in infancy is a crucial aspect of child growth that requires early and continuous stimulation. Limited maternal knowledge and skills in providing appropriate stimulation may hinder the achievement of infants’ gross motor milestones. This program aimed to empower mothers to stimulate infants’ gross motor development through tummy time and baby yoga at PMB Lina Contesa. A community empowerment approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design was applied. The participants were mothers with infants aged 3–12 months. The intervention included health education, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and mentoring in performing tummy time and baby yoga. Evaluation was conducted by assessing maternal knowledge and skills before and after the program. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 56.4 ± 8.7 to 85.2 ± 6.9 after the intervention. In addition, the proportion of mothers who were able to correctly perform gross motor stimulation techniques increased from 27.8% to 88.9%. These findings indicate that empowering mothers through education and training in tummy time and baby yoga is effective in improving maternal knowledge and skills and has the potential to support the optimization of infants’ gross motor development.

Digital transformation has become a strategic necessity for both public and private organizations in improving efficiency, service quality, and competitiveness in the digital era. The success of digital transformation is greatly influenced by the readiness and planning of integrated and sustainable IT infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the role of IT infrastructure planning in supporting the implementation of organizational digital transformation. The method used is a systematic literature review of scientific publications relevant to the topic of IT infrastructure, strategic information system planning, and digital transformation. The review results indicate that IT infrastructure serves as the main foundation of digital transformation, encompassing hardware, software, networks, data centers, information security, and human resources. Poorly planned IT infrastructure has the potential to cause various issues, such as limited technology capacity, digital divides, cybersecurity risks, and investment inefficiencies. Therefore, strategic IT infrastructure planning that aligns with the organization's vision is required, supported by adequate funding, human resource competency development, and adaptive digital leadership to ensure the successful and sustainable implementation of digital transformation.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in driving economic growth and improving community welfare, particularly in rural areas. However, many rural MSME actors still face challenges in financial planning and management, including inaccurate calculation of capital and profit, unstructured business expenditure planning, and the absence of separation between personal and business finances. This community service program aimed to enhance the financial literacy and financial planning skills of MSME actors in Suka Sari Village, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency. The program was implemented through several stages, including preliminary observation to identify key financial management issues, interactive counseling on basic business finance concepts, simulation of capital and profit calculations, and hands-on practice in simple financial record-keeping using an easily applicable format. The results of the program indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of business capital and profit calculation, their ability to plan business expenditures more systematically, and increased awareness of the importance of separating personal and business finances. This study demonstrates that participatory and practice-based financial assistance is effective in fostering simple financial management habits, which can support the sustainability and long-term development of MSMEs in rural communities.

This study aims to analyze the differences in motorcycle traffic flow (Q) during the morning and afternoon peak hours as an indicator of roadway operational performance, referring to the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI) 2014, with a case study on Mawar Street–Wijaya Kusuma Street, Jember Regency. The research data were obtained from 12 observation points through traffic surveys that recorded motorcycle traffic flow in vehicles per hour (veh/h). The analytical methods used include descriptive statistical analysis, normality testing, and paired sample t-test. The results show that the average motorcycle traffic flow during the morning peak hour is 115.58 veh/h with a standard deviation of 62.97, while during the afternoon peak hour it is 63.25 veh/h with a standard deviation of 28.57. The paired sample t-test yields a significance value of 0.015 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between morning and afternoon traffic flows. These findings suggest that the level of roadway capacity utilization is higher during the morning peak hour, which is closely associated with dominant routine travel activities such as commuting to work and school. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for evaluating roadway operational performance and to support traffic management and traffic engineering planning aimed at improving road network performance and reducing congestion.

This study aims to review the perspectives of MSME owners in the Gonilan area, particularly regarding part-time workers and their use in improving operational cost efficiency. The Gonilan area is known to have many MSMEs operating in various sectors, making this study relevant for understanding the challenges they face. A qualitative method was chosen so that the researcher could conduct in-depth interviews with three MSME owners. The informants were selected because they employed both full-time and part-time workers. The interview results showed that part-time workers were effective in reducing operational costs, such as more flexible hourly wages, although there were some disadvantages. The main disadvantages of part-time workers included lack of experience and limited working hours, which could be overcome through extra training and clear task distribution so that they could focus and increase productivity. The study concluded that the use of part-time workers has a significant impact on the operational cost efficiency of MSMEs, helping owners navigate the market without excessive financial burdens and encouraging long-term business growth.

HIV and AIDS remain a public health challenge, particularly among adolescents who are vulnerable to risky behaviors. A lack of proper understanding of HIV and AIDS, along with persistent stigma against people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA), potentially increases the risk of transmission and hinders prevention efforts. This activity aimed to improve adolescents' knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV and AIDS prevention through health education. The activity was conducted at Al-Hasra High School in Bojongsari District, Depok City, involving 25 students as participants. The method used was interactive education accompanied by pre-test and post-test evaluation. The evaluation results showed an increase in participants' knowledge after the intervention, as reflected in both average scores and the proportion of students in the good knowledge category. These findings demonstrate the critical role of health education in improving adolescents' understanding of HIV and AIDS prevention. Therefore, similar education activities should be conducted continuously as promotive and preventive efforts to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from adolescence.

This study uses a literature review method to examine the role of jump rope activities in improving coordination, balance, agility, and strength among elementary school children. It provides an in-depth analysis of jump rope games in the context of enhancing motor skills in elementary education. The study explores how this traditional game can serve as an effective tool for developing various motor skills in children. It covers the types of motor skills involved in jump rope activities, variations of the game, as well as the physical and non-physical benefits gained. The study also highlights the important role of physical education teachers in optimizing students’ motor development through traditional games. The results indicate that jump rope activities are not only beneficial for the development of gross and fine motor skills but also possess significant social and cultural value. These games can instill values such as discipline, perseverance, hard work, and cooperation in children. It is expected that this study will contribute to the development of more effective and innovative physical education learning.

Koperatives are a form of people-based economic organization that play a strategic role in improving community welfare and strengthening the national economy. However, many cooperatives still face organizational and managerial challenges that limit their economic performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between cooperative organizational structures, governance mechanisms, and the economic performance of cooperatives in the context of modern economic transformation. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of organizational practices within cooperatives. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving cooperative managers, members, and supervisors selected purposively. The findings indicate that cooperatives with clear organizational structures, professional management, transparent governance, and active member participation tend to demonstrate better economic performance and sustainability. Conversely, weak organizational arrangements and low member involvement are associated with stagnation in cooperative economic activities. These results highlight that organizational quality is a key determinant of cooperative success, not merely financial factors. The study implies that strengthening cooperative governance, improving human resource capacity, and enhancing member participation are essential strategies to increase the competitiveness of cooperatives in the digital economy era. This research contributes to the development of cooperative economic theory and provides practical recommendations for cooperative managers and policymakers.

The development of digital technology and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 have driven significant changes in marketing activities, including for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The use of e-commerce has become an important digital marketing strategy for MSMEs to increase competitiveness and business revenue. This study aims to examine the role of e-commerce implementation as a digital marketing tool for MSMEs in facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and analyze its impact on increasing MSME revenue and competitive advantage. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through literature studies of various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and online publications relevant to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of e-commerce has a positive impact on MSMEs, including expanding market reach, increasing marketing efficiency, and driving increased business revenue. In addition, e-commerce also plays a role in increasing MSME competitive advantage through product innovation, improving service quality, and strengthening relationships with consumers. However, the implementation of e-commerce in MSMEs still faces several challenges, such as low digital literacy, limited human resources, and minimal technical assistance. Therefore, ongoing support from various parties is needed so that the use of e-commerce by MSMEs can run optimally and sustainably in the digital era.