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Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) are a manifestation of people's sovereignty and the implementation of democracy in Indonesia, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. This study examines the role of the Constitutional Court (MK) in resolving disputes over regional election results. The method used is normative juridical legal research, analyzing relevant regulations and literature. The MK holds permanent authority to adjudicate Pilkada disputes, replacing the Supreme Court. The impact of MK's decisions includes the implementation of Re-voting (PSU), which strengthens the legitimacy of Pilkada results and influences local political stability. However, challenges such as the complexity of evidence and reliance on the MK highlight weaknesses in the oversight system.  

This research aims to analyze the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio and Debt to Asset Ratio on Return on Equity in insurance sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2023 period. This research uses quantitative descriptive analysis methods. The research sample was obtained from the annual financial reports of 15 insurance companies selected using purposive sampling techniques, resulting in 90 observations. The research results show that partially, the Debt to Equity Ratio has a significant positive effect on Return on Equity, while the Debt to Asset Ratio also has a significant effect on Return on Equity. The results of simultaneous hypothesis testing show that the Debt to Equity Ratio and Debt to Asset Ratio have a significant positive influence on Return on Equity in insurance companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. A high Debt to Equity Ratio can increase profits if managed well, even though it carries financial risks. on the other hand, a Debt to Asset Ratio that is too high can suppress Return on Equity, especially in unstable economic conditions. This research provides insight into managing capital structure optimally to maximize Return on Equity by considering the balance between Debt to Equity Ratio and Debt to Asset Ratio. Apart from that, the research results can help the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in formulating policies that support the financial stability of insurance companies in Indonesia.

The fluctuation of fuel prices (BBM) significantly impacts the national economy and public purchasing power. This study examines the dynamic relationship between fuel price adjustments, economic growth, inflation, and the socioeconomic conditions of society. The findings reveal that an increase in fuel prices often triggers a domino effect, including rising transportation and production costs, ultimately affecting consumer prices and reducing purchasing power. Conversely, the decline in fuel prices provides a short-term boost to public spending but may challenge government revenue if fuel subsidies increase. Policy recommendations include balancing fuel price adjustments with measures to protect vulnerable groups and maintain economic stability.

This study aims to analyze process management in the Linux operating system, focusing on how processes are managed from creation, scheduling, to termination. Linux utilizes various scheduling and memory management mechanisms to ensure system efficiency and stability. One of the schedulers used is the Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS), which provides a fair distribution of CPU time based on the priority and needs of the processes. This research also discusses the use of techniques such as paging for memory management and how Linux handles inter-process communication through pipes and shared memory. Experiments were conducted to measure CPU usage, memory consumption, and execution time by various processes with different priorities. The results show that Linux effectively manages resources, provides fair time-sharing, and maintains security by isolating the address space between the kernel and user-space. This study is expected to contribute to the further development of process management in Linux and provide insights for developers and system administrators to optimize operating system performance.

Linux kernel security is a critical aspect of ensuring the integrity and stability of operating systems. Vulnerabilities like Dirty COW (CVE-2016-5195) illustrate how exploitative threats can severely impact systems, particularly those that are not regularly updated. This study analyzes the working mechanism of Dirty COW, its impact, and mitigation strategies based on Linux kernel hardening techniques, including the use of security modules like SELinux and AppArmor, as well as the Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) technique. Through attack simulations and mitigation evaluations, the findings emphasize the importance of regularly applying kernel patches to maintain system security. This study aims to provide practical guidance for enhancing Linux kernel resilience against exploitation attacks.

Social media has become an essential component of modern democracy, providing a platform for freedom of speech and public participation. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow people to freely express their opinions and engage in broad political discussions. However, challenges arise in the form of hate speech, hoaxes, and disinformation, which threaten social stability and the quality of democracy. This study aims to analyze the relationship between freedom of speech and democracy in the social media era and evaluate the regulations governing free speech in Indonesia. Using a normative approach, this research examines policies and regulations and their impact on human rights. The findings show that a balance between freedom of speech and prudent regulation is necessary to ensure that social media remains a positive space without sacrificing public order and democracy.

Power system protection plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability and security of electricity distribution. This study discusses the analysis of coordination between overcurrent relays (OCR) and ground fault relays (GFR) on the Miwon Substation power line. The study aims to determine the optimal setting values ​​for OCR and GFR, so that they can detect and disconnect short circuit faults quickly and accurately. The approach used includes theoretical calculations and simulations to evaluate relay performance under various fault conditions. The results of the study reveal that with appropriate settings, the relay can operate selectively and efficiently, reducing the impact of disturbances and maintaining the stability of the power system.

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of student autonomy and financial behavior on planning pocket money for students receiving the KIP-K scholarship for the Business Education undergraduate program at PGRI Wiranegara University. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a correlational design. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 55 people selected using purposive sampling techniques. The results of linear regression analysis show that student independence has a significant influence on pocket money planning and financial behavior. At the same time, these two variables also have a significant influence on students' pocket money plans. This study shows how important it is for students to use their pocket money wisely to support academic success and financial stability. These findings will make a major contribution to the development of financial management guidelines for students, especially KIP-K undergraduate students.

Advances in information technology have encouraged government agencies to implement electronic-based systems to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of services. The Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency uses the Presence and Performance Application System Si Apik application to record the attendance of State Civil Apparatus as part of the E-Government program. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Si Apik application using the System Usability Scale method to measure the level of user satisfaction. The research approach involves descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods, with data collection through observation, SUS questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The results showed an average SUS score of 52.59, which is in the marginal category, with a grade D and an "OK" rating. This score indicates that the system still has technical constraints, such as network connections and application errors, which affect ease of use. Recommendations for improvement include optimizing features, increasing system stability, and providing clearer technical guidance. This study provides strategic input for the Community and Village Empowerment Service of Magetan Regency in improving the quality of Si Apik application services.

Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPP) are a type of power plant that utilizes renewable energy from water flow. The hydroelectric system works by converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy. Water flows through a penstock directed towards the turbine, where it strikes the turbine blades, causing rotation. To maintain the stability of the turbine's rotational speed at the Maninjau HPP, a governor system is used. The Maninjau HPP consists of four generating subunits with a nominal rotational speed of 600 rpm. The governor system functions to stabilize the turbine's rotation at the nominal speed of 600 rpm, as the speed affects the generator's output frequency. The stabilization process is carried out by adjusting the Guide Vane openings, which are the blades surrounding the turbine. The Maninjau HPP has a speed drop of 3%, with a frequency reduction of 1.5 Hz. Additionally, a frequency change of 0.1 Hz will result in a load change of 0.13 MW.

The application of the theory of truth in philosophy can make an important contribution to the strategy for eradicating hoaxes in the digital era. Hoaxes, as misinformation and often deliberately spread for certain purposes, have a broad negative impact, especially in the formation of public opinion and social stability. In this context, theories of truth such as correspondence, coherence, and pragmatism can be used to evaluate and identify the truth of information spread in cyberspace. Correspondence theory, for example, can be used to confirm whether information corresponds to objective facts. Coherence theory, on the other hand, prioritizes the consistency of information with a wider system of knowledge, while pragmatism theory assesses truth based on the practical impact of receiving information. The application of these theories in a hoax eradication strategy involves media education, increasing digital literacy, and developing information verification algorithms that prioritize the principles of philosophical truth. With this approach, it is hoped that the public will be smarter in filtering information, so that the spread of hoaxes can be minimized and public trust in digital media can be restored.

Academic information portals have an important role in supporting the academic process of students in higher education. This study aims to analyze the level of student satisfaction with the academic information portal of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU). This study uses a literature-based approach by referring to previous research in the last five years (2019–2024). The results of the analysis show that reliability, responsiveness, data security, information completeness, and interface design are the main aspects that affect the level of student satisfaction. The recommendations given include improving system stability, developing interactive features, and strengthening user data protection.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of capital, digitalization skills, and financial management on the performance of culinary MSMEs in Bojonegoro Regency. The method used is quantitative. The research sample consisted of culinary MSMEs in Bojonegoro which were taken using random sampling techniques. Data were collected through a Likert scale-based questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The results of the study show that capital, digitalization skills, and financial management have a significant positive effect on MSME performance, both partially and simultaneously. Adequate capital provides opportunities for business development, digitalization skills increase competitiveness through efficiency and market reach, while good financial management supports business stability and sustainability. These findings provide practical implications in the form of the need for training, facilitation of access to capital, and increasing financial literacy for MSME actors. This research also provides a basis for local governments to formulate policies that support the development of MSMEs in the digitalization era.

This research aims to determine whether there is a significant influence between liquidity with the current ratio proxy, profitability with the Return On Assets proxy, and sales growth in predicting Financial Distress in manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021. The data collection technique for this research was obtained using documentation and library study methods. The documentation method was carried out by collecting and studying documents such as data and reports, while the library study method was by collecting data related to research through book or literature references. This research uses data analysis in the form of: descriptive analysis, statistical analysis (multiple correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, coefficient of determination, T test, and F test. Based on the author's research, finally the results obtained were 97% of the three independent variables, namely liquidity, profitability and sales growth, which could explain financial distress. Meanwhile, the remaining 3% is influenced by variables not examined in this research, such as the company's growth rate, sales stability, operating leverage, owner and management attitudes.    

This research aims to  evaluates a financial performance at PT Alkindo Naratama Tbk, PT Toba Pulp Lestari Tbk, and PT Tjiwi Kimia Paper Mill Tbk in the Indonesian chemical manufacturing industry for the 2019–2023 period using descriptive methodologies and a qualitative approach. In addition to other sources like articles and journals, secondary data was collected from the financial and annual reports of businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The results of the analysis show that PT Alkindo Naratama Tbk has excellent liquidity and operational efficiency, indicating the company's ability to meet short-term obligations and practice prudent asset management. The most successful business, as determined by ROA and ROE, is PT Toba Pulp Lestari Tbk, which makes efficient use of equity and assets. With the highest dividend and the lowest debt-to-asset ratio, PT Pabrik Kertas Tjiwi Kimia Tbk stands out in terms of funding stability and offers investors alluring rewards. In order to increase the competitiveness of Indonesia's chemical manufacturing industry, managers, investors, and policymakers should utilize this study's summary of financial performance as a strategic guide.    

This study examines the effect of market risk, investor sentiment, and interest rates on the performance of energy sector stocks in Indonesia for the period 2019–2023, with market liquidity as a mediating variable. The study was conducted through a literature review by identifying and analyzing various related studies. Secondary data was obtained from scientific journals and related reports using relevant literature selection techniques. The results of the study indicate that oil price volatility, investor sentiment, and interest rate changes significantly affect the performance of energy sector stocks. Market liquidity was found to be able to reduce the negative impact of market risk and interest rates, and strengthen the positive influence of investor sentiment on stock prices. This study concludes that market liquidity plays an important buffer in maintaining the stability of stocks in the energy sector, especially in dealing with market fluctuations. The results of this study contribute to investment managers in developing more adaptive portfolio strategies and to regulators in creating policies that support market liquidity.

This study aims to analyze the development and trends in rice production in North Sumatra Province during the period 2020–2024 using a descriptive statistical approach. The data used is secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the form of rice production, harvest area, and productivity. The results of the analysis show that rice production fluctuated but tended to increase, with the highest production in 2024 at 2,204,875.51 tons and the lowest in 2021 at 2,004,142.51 tons. Trend analysis produced a positive slope value of 32,861 tons per year, indicating a long-term upward trend in production. The correlation between harvest area and production shows a strong positive relationship, where an increase in harvest area is consistently followed by an increase in production. Factors affecting production fluctuations include climate change, land area, cropping patterns, and agricultural infrastructure and policy support. Overall, the results of the study confirm that increases in rice production are highly dependent on land management, productivity, and the stability of climatic conditions in the North Sumatra region.

Effective network management is the main need in the world of information technology, especially for companies engaged in network infrastructure. One of the devices that is often used to support network connectivity is MikroTik. This journal aims to design MikroTik configuration learning based on the OSI Layer Model at PT Proxi Jaringan Nusantara, focusing on setting MikroTik so that it can be connected to the internet. The learning method is designed using theoretical and simulation approaches, including the introduction of the OSI Layer Model as the basis of network communication and the technical steps of MikroTik configuration, such as IP Address settings, NAT (Network Address Translation), DHCP Server, and basic Firewall. The simulation results show that the configuration carried out in accordance with the OSI Layer Model can improve network stability and efficiency. This learning is designed to provide practical and in-depth solutions for authors in understanding MicroTik-based network management.

This study explores the impact of cybersecurity risk disclosure on customer-supplier relationships in corporate supply chains through a qualitative literature review approach. The findings reveal that transparency in cybersecurity risk disclosure enhances trust, relationship stability, and operational efficiency within supply chains. Conversely, a lack of disclosure or poor risk management can damage reputations, create uncertainty, and weaken collaboration between business partners. The study also highlights the importance of adequate regulations, risk mitigation strategies, and the adoption of new technologies in managing cybersecurity. While offering significant insights, this study has limitations, including reliance on secondary literature and variations in industry contexts. Future research is recommended to include empirical testing and the exploration of new technologies to strengthen cybersecurity risk management in supply chains.

Analysis only to reach, industries often adopt patterns such as conglomeration or merger to improve and strengthen their market stability. Conglomeration and merger are key concepts in industrial growth. Merger itself involves the unification of two new different industries to achieve greater efficiency. In the context of economies of scale, companies can save costs by increasing production, expanding factories, or increasing their market share through the implementation of merger and conglomeration strategies. Industry analysis is also an important step in optimizing the implementation of this