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Poverty and economic inequality pose substantial issues for numerous emerging nations, with an estimated 712 million individuals globally residing in extreme poverty as of 2022. This article analyzes the impact of public policy on these concerns, with case studies from Indonesia, Brazil, and India. This research employs literature review methodologies to analyze several implemented policies, including conditional cash assistance, enhanced access to education, health services, infrastructure development, and economic empowerment initiatives. Conditional cash transfer programs, exemplified by Indonesia's Family Hope Program and Brazil's Bolsa Familia, have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing access to fundamental services for impoverished populations. Conversely, implementation obstacles, including limited institutional capacity and inadequate oversight, frequently obstruct policy achievement in underdeveloped nations. This study concludes that effective public policy necessitates a multifaceted strategy involving resource redistribution, the creation of economic possibilities, and enhanced access to education and healthcare. This research aims to offer insights for other developing nations by examining the policies enacted in these three countries, so facilitating the creation of more inclusive and sustainable public policy interventions. These findings underscore the significance of the government's involvement in empowering impoverished communities through systematic and sustainable measures to foster equitable development and mitigate inequality.

The cultivation of pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca, L.) faces major challenges due to pest and disease attacks that can reduce productivity and threaten the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. This study aims to identify and evaluate environmentally friendly pest and disease control strategies in banana cultivation. The research method used was a literature review of various recent studies (2019-2025) on biological and technical culture approaches in pest and disease control. The results showed that the use of natural enemies such as Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma spp., crop rotation, application of vegetable pesticides based on neem and soursop extracts, and planting refugia plants can effectively suppress pest populations without damaging the balance of the ecosystem. In addition, sustainable agriculture policies supported by the government play an important role in encouraging the adoption of these methods at the farm level. This approach not only increases kepok banana production but also maintains environmental sustainability and public health.

Disorders of the human sensory system can significantly impact quality of life, affecting communication skills, mobility, and daily activities. This study analyzes the relationship between sensory system disorders and human health using a descriptive qualitative approach. The method involves collecting data from relevant literature and thematic analysis to understand the causes, impacts, and preventive measures for sensory disorders. The research findings indicate that early detection and appropriate handling are crucial to mitigate negative effects. Public awareness of the importance of maintaining sensory system health also needs to be enhanced through education and collaboration among various stakeholders.

Male infertility is a growing concern in reproductive health, affecting millions worldwide. Despite its significant impact on couples' ability to conceive, it remains underexplored compared to female infertility. This study offers a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of male infertility research, identifying trends, key contributors, and emerging areas of focus. By analyzing publication patterns, leading journals, influential authors, and collaborative networks, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the current state and future directions of this research field. The insights gained are expected to guide future investigations, enhance collaborations, and inform policymakers and clinicians about this evolving area. A systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science databases to retrieve relevant publications on male infertility. ScientoPy was used and bibliometric indicators, such as publication output, citation analysis, author collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence analysis, were used to explore the intellectual structure and research trends in this domain. Visualization tools, including VOSviewer, were employed to present the findings. The analysis included 2726 publications spanning from 2014 to 2024. The results reveal the most productive authors, influential journals, and highly cited publications in the field. Key research themes, emerging topics, and the evolution of the research landscape are discussed. Collaborations among authors, institutions, and countries are also examined to identify the intellectual structure and global research networks. This analysis provides valuable insights into the current state of research on male infertility The findings highlight the critical areas of focus, influential studies, and collaborative patterns that have shaped the field. Implications for future research directions, evidence-based practice, and potential areas for interdisciplinary collaboration are discussed.

The increasing productivity of waste use, especially in the form of plastic waste in urban areas, contributes greatly to environmental pollution because plastic waste takes a long time to decompose.  People currently choose plastic as a food and beverage wrapper because it is more practical without knowing the impact or danger of plastic itself. Public knowledge of the dangers of plastic is still low. Therefore, socialization is needed about waste management, especially plastic waste.  The purpose of socialization or education activities on the importance of waste management and ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle waste, especially plastic waste is to provide knowledge and increase public awareness to reduce plastic waste and know the dangers of plastic for health and the dangers of plastic waste in the environment.  This waste management socialization activity explains about 3 ways of waste management, namely: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. With this activity, it is hoped that people will not litter and can manage waste properly.

The sugar tax has emerged as a strategy adopted by various countries to address public health issues caused by excessive sugar consumption. This study examines the impact of the tax in the UK and Mexico, as well as its implications for Indonesia. Data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) show that per capita sugar consumption in Indonesia far exceeds the recommended limits set by the Ministry of Health and WHO, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and obesity. In the UK, the sugar tax successfully reduced sugar consumption, particularly among children and adolescents, while in Mexico, sugary beverage consumption also declined significantly. Besides reducing sugar intake, the tax generates revenue that can fund public health programs. However, resistance from the food and beverage industry and local communities presents challenges. This study recommends implementing a sugar tax in Indonesia as a strategic step to improve public health, supported by complementary policies promoting healthy eating and stronger consumer protections.

Background: Teenage pregnancy remains a significant public health concern due to its potential risks to both mother and child, including health complications, social challenges, and educational disruption. One of the factors influencing teenage pregnancy is parental patterns, which include parenting styles, communication, supervision, and emotional support. Studies have shown that adolescents from families with authoritarian or neglectful parenting are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior, increasing the risk of early pregnancy. Understanding the relationship between parental patterns and teenage pregnancy can help develop targeted interventions to prevent adolescent pregnancies. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental patterns and the incidence of teenage pregnancy. Methods: A quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The sample consisted of 30 teenage mothers selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing parental patterns, including communication, supervision, and emotional support, as well as information about pregnancy incidence. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to determine the statistical relationship between parental patterns and teenage pregnancy incidence. Results: The study found that 30 respondents (100%) reported experiencing parental patterns that influenced their behavior. Among them, teenagers from families with supportive and communicative parenting had a lower risk of teenage pregnancy. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a significant relationship between parental patterns and the incidence of teenage pregnancy (p = 0.000), indicating that parental guidance and involvement play a critical role in preventing early pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parental patterns and the incidence of teenage pregnancy. Supportive and communicative parental patterns reduce the likelihood of teenage pregnancy, while neglectful or authoritarian patterns increase the risk. These findings highlight the importance of parental involvement, education, and guidance in adolescent reproductive health.

This research examines the role of Wahdatul Ulum in promoting healthy lifestyles in the Muslim community, with a case study in Tuntungan II Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency. Wahdatul Ulum, the concept of integrating religion and science, provides a holistic approach that connects physical, mental and spiritual health. Qualitative research methods were used with in-depth interviews with 15 village residents. The results show that religious teachings have a significant role in shaping healthy living behavior through diet, cleanliness and self-control. Religious traditions, such as fasting and religious lectures, are effective in increasing public health awareness. Religious leaders and faith-based communities play an important role in supporting health programs, while religious education among youth increases understanding and implementation of healthy lifestyles. The conclusion emphasizes that Wahdatul Ulum's approach not only strengthens faith, but also supports the physical and mental well-being of the Muslim community.    

Anemia in adolescent girls remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in island regions with limited access to health information and services. One of the main factors contributing to the high incidence of anemia is the low level of knowledge and attitudes among adolescent girls regarding the importance of consuming iron (Fe) tablets. Nutrition education is seen as a promotive-preventive strategy that has the potential to improve the determinants of anemia prevention behavior. This study aims to analyze the effect of nutrition education on the knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls regarding the importance of consuming iron tablets in community health centers in the Morotai Islands. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent girls selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to measure knowledge and attitudes before and after the nutrition education intervention. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and inferentially using paired statistical tests appropriate to the data distribution. The results showed an increase in the level of knowledge and attitudes of adolescent girls towards consuming iron tablets after being provided with nutrition education. Statistical tests showed a statistically significant difference between the conditions before and after the intervention in both knowledge and attitude variables. In conclusion, nutrition education significantly impacts adolescent girls' knowledge and positive attitudes toward iron tablet consumption. Structured and sustainable integration of nutrition education into primary healthcare services, particularly in island regions, is crucial to support anemia prevention efforts from adolescence onward.

Breast cancer and its consequences have become a public health problem globally due to the impact of health disorders caused and the most severe impact is leading to death. Changes in diet and eating culture (fast food and lack of intake of vegetables and fruits) are one of the lifestyle changes that occur in adolescents today. Teenagers are more likely to consume foods that follow trends without looking at the nutritional status or content contained in the food. Fast food (junk food) contains a lot of dyes, preservatives, artificial flavors and how to process them by frying at high temperatures or burning. The habit of not eating less fatty foods (fruits and vegetables) and the habit of consuming red and processed meat also triggers the occurrence of tumors. One of the prevention of breast cancer is by conducting early detection of breast cancer which can be done with breast self-examination (SADARI). The purpose of this community service activity is to increase adolescents' knowledge about breast cancer and detect the early occurrence of breast cancer through breast self-examination (SADARI), This service activity involves adolescent girls in grade VIII aged 13-15 years At SMP Negeri 1 Unter Iwes, the implementation has been carried out on August 19, 2024. Service is carried out starting from preparation to evaluation. The method used in service is the method of socialization and application (application) directly in the field. The results of the evaluation showed that there was an increase in the knowledge and skills of grade VIII students after being given health education. Judging from the results of the post test, which is higher than the average pre test. 

This study aims to find out and analyze the legal basis for considering the regulation of fine sanctions of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the health of mothers, infants and children under five and to find out and assess the effectiveness of the enforcement of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mother, Infants and Children under five through the regulation of fine sanctions. This type of research is empirical normative research using interviews and data analysis methods that are carried out qualitatively. In this study, the author uses a type of empirical normative research or legal research that examines written law from the aspects of theory, history, philosophy, comparison, structure and composition, scope and material, general explanation of article by article, formality and binding force of a law but not binding aspects of its application or implementation. The results of the study show the legal basis for considering the regulation of fine sanctions in Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the health of mothers, infants and children under five, because there are still incidents of childbirth outside health facilities in the working area of the Bakunase Health Center which can be at risk of maternal and infant mortality rates. This happens because there are still pregnant women who give birth at home because of impromptu childbirth so that childbirth does not occur in health facilities but outside health facilities or at home and childbirth is still helped by birth attendants. The risk of maternal and infant mortality can still occur. The effectiveness of the enforcement of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mothers, Infants and Children Under Five through the regulation of fine sanctions in the working area of the Bakunase Health Center has been effective for health workers. For the public, there are still many who do not know about the Regulation of the Mayor of Kupang Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mothers, Babies and Children under five so that there are still incidents of childbirth outside health facilities and childbirth assisted by shamans. Knowledge about childbirth, attitudes and family support in this study also has an important role in determining mothers to have a safe delivery. It is suggested that new regional regulations need to be socialized to the community so that existing regulations can run effectively. An obedient society is also a basic thing so that regulations can run effectively.

TB is a serious infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Even now, tuberculosis paru remains one of the world's most pressing health issues. Even though many nations have taken steps to combat this illness, if it is not treated, it could lead to kematian. The goal of health promotion is to increase awareness of how to prevent tuberculosis in children. In order to conduct a thorough investigation, this community's pengabdian uses a quantitative approach and a kuesioner's lembar to understand the experiences of TB patients and other members of the community. Following the dissemination of health education about TB Paru to the general public at Puskesmas Negeri Lima, the general public's knowledge increased by 70–80%. This score is higher than the pre-test score of roughly 62%. This health education is provided in a gentle manner via ceramah, discussion, and tanya jawab. The results of the test indicate that the general public's knowledge has increased.

This article is created as an effort to publish information about the habits implemented by students to form a great Indonesian generation in sports through healthy gymnastics on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Additionally, this article discusses the importance of cultivating sports habits from elementary school age to create a healthy and active lifestyle. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using library research, where the authors collect various references through journals, articles, and other sources. Gymnastics itself is a type of sport performed en masse, ranging from elementary to high school levels and the general public. In the past, gymnastics was highly cultural, proven by the lack of differences across almost all societal groups - gymnastics was done both in groups and collectively, with young and old, males and females exercising together. This program was also implemented at UPT SDN Sidorejo 1 every day before class, and its results are evident in the emergence of student self-confidence, creative attitudes, and a healthy lifestyle.

The support of husbands and family members in safe childbirth preparation is crucial for pregnant women. Husbands serve as both emotional and physical companions, providing comfort and security during the birthing process. Challenges encountered in community service partnerships related to spousal and familial support in safe childbirth preparation can encompass several aspects. Firstly, a lack of understanding among husbands and family members regarding the childbirth process can result in minimal emotional and physical support. Many husbands do not participate in prenatal education, leaving them unprepared to provide the necessary support. Secondly, cultural norms that limit the husband's role in childbirth can pose challenges. In some communities, there is still a belief that the husband's role is insignificant in childbirth preparation, leading to decreased participation. This can diminish the pregnant woman's self-confidence and create discomfort. Based on the challenges faced by partners, the proposed solution is the creation of engaging informational media to facilitate the dissemination of information to the public, particularly to husbands and family members, in support of safe childbirth preparation, a program referred to as DuGaLiMan. This initiative was implemented in September 2024 at Babirik Community Health Center, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The DuGaLiMan program, which focuses on spousal and familial support in safe childbirth preparation at Babirik Community Health Center, demonstrates its success in achieving its objectives. The program has successfully increased the knowledge and awareness of husbands and family members regarding the importance of their roles during the childbirth process. With appropriate education, they can provide the necessary emotional and physical support to pregnant women, creating a safer and more comfortable environment.

Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure is abnormally high with systolic and diastolic numbers showing numbers higher than 140/90 mmHg. As a form of concern for public health, development and training for KWT members, cadres, and hypertension sufferers in RW 03, Cigadung Hamlet, Karyamukti Village were carried out. The community empowerment effort carried out is by planting and processing cucumbers and celery. The method used was participatory-based which involved health education through lectures, questions and answers, as well as filling out pre-test and post-test to measure the increase in knowledge. In addition, joint exercises designed to support a healthy lifestyle were conducted. The result of this community empowerment activity is the difference in knowledge level before and after the intervention with a p-value: 0.000 <0.05.

The training of Community Sports Cadres on Organizing Safe and Healthy Matches is motivated by the increasing number of sporting events which often ignore safety and health aspects. This activity involved 40 participants from the local community and the South Jayapura district youth organization. The aim of the activity is to increase understanding and skills in organizing matches in accordance with safe and healthy standards.  The training method applied includes several steps, namely a pretest to measure participants' initial knowledge, followed by an education and training session that includes theory and practice, then ending with an evaluation. After the session, a posttest was carried out to assess the increase in participants' understanding. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge; The percentage of participants who understood the material rose from 67% of participants who understood and 33% of participants who did not understand during the pretest to 93% of participants who understood and the remaining 7% who did not understand after education and training. The conclusion of this activity shows that the training succeeded in achieving its goal of increasing the capacity of safe and healthy sports cadres. The resulting suggestion is the need to carry out similar training on a regular basis to continue to educate and empower the public in the safety and health aspects of organizing sports.

The 112 emergency service is a system designed to provide a quick response to life-threatening emergency situations, such as traffic accidents, fires and crimes. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the 112 service in Mojokerto City in coordination between agencies such as the Civil Service Police Unit, Mojokerto Police, Health Service, and other related agencies. Using a qualitative descriptive method combining several data collection methods, this research analyzes the responsiveness of services that operate 24 hours non-stop and toll-free. The research results show the important role of public services 112 in increasing the responsiveness of emergency handling. The research concludes that the implementation of this service has contributed significantly to increasing the responsiveness of emergency management in the city of Mojokerto, as well as identifying the strengths and challenges in implementing the 112 emergency service in the city of Mojokerto.

Strategy to build public awareness so that they can be 'friends' with waste to get direct economic benefits from waste. Waste banks cannot stand alone but must be integrated with the 4R movement (recycle, reuse, reduce, and replace), namely the activity of treating waste by reusing, reducing, recycling, and replacing so that the direct benefits felt are not only economic, but also the development of a clean, green and healthy environment. In this activity, collaboration with existing waste banks in the environment so that the results are more optimal. The result is good enthusiasm from the community so that this activity runs according to plan.

The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) organized by BPJS Health aims to improve access and quality of health services for all levels of Indonesian society. This research examines the effectiveness of the JKN program, with a focus on the use of the JKN mobile application, program implementation in health facilities, and factors that influence service quality. Based on case studies in several regions, the research results show that the JKN mobile application makes it easy for participants to access health-related services and information, although there are still obstacles such as a lack of public understanding of the application and technical problems. Apart from that, health services in hospitals and community health centers still face challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, delays in services, and timeliness in administrative processes. Although the JKN program has expanded access to services, challenges in equal distribution of service quality and health resources still need to be overcome. Overall, the JKN program plays an important role in improving people's health and welfare, but improvements are needed in terms of community understanding, infrastructure and service efficiency to achieve more optimal and equitable health goals throughout Indonesia.

Smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity, premature death, and disability that can be prevented by various efforts. This article reviews various non-pharmacological interventions that are effective in reducing smoking behavior. The method used is to conduct a literature search from 10 journals. The results of the article review show that all methods used to stop smoking behavior have proven effective. The methods for stopping smoking that are widely used in this article are SFET, MHT, Making xylitol candy and nicotine candy, and counseling on efforts to reduce smoking cessation. This method can reduce the intensity of smoking and increase awareness of the dangers of smoking. In addition, the use of xylitol gum and education programs have also been shown to be effective in reducing smoking habits. An approach that involves family and community support, as well as appropriate counseling, is very important to increase individual knowledge and motivation to quit smoking. With the right combination of strategies, it is expected to reduce the prevalence of smoking and its negative impacts on public health.