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Individual Competency describes a characteristic or ability possessed by each employee in carrying out work. Of course, paying attention to existing factors and indicators can create quality competencies and improve employee performance. By using the literature study method, it is hoped that we will be able to analyze individual competencies accurately according to data from existing sources. So in this case, the development of human resources within the company will be of high quality. This article describes individual competencies which include the relationship between employee performance and motives, traits, self-concept, knowledge and skills, and the benefits for the company and employees. This material is designed to help employees develop their ability to develop, increase resilience, ability to face problems and develop skills in innovation and improve their individual performance. With individual competency, employees can shape their personality and increase employee knowledge, and employee skills will have a positive impact on maximizing company productivity.

Leadership is the process of influencing other people, subordinates, or followers to achieve the organization's desired goals. In general, leadership can be divided into three leadership models practiced by managing companies. Each model has its own uniqueness; some are closely related to the nature or character of the person, and some even arise as a result of the learning process. Realizing the importance of the role of a leader in achieving the goals of an organization, it can be said that the success or failure experienced by most organizations is determined by the quality of leadership played by the leader of the organization. This training partner aims to increase the employees' understanding and abilities as leaders in the company's divisions. Through this training, it is hoped that employees will be able to increase work morale within themselves and their team members, become effective leaders, and create synergistic collaborations. Through training, it is hoped that one can maximize one’s leadership abilities to become a good leader, intelligent, critical, strategic, able to face challenges, and focus on goals.

The company’s value is evidence that the entity has tried to run the company’s operation well with maximum profit and is a useful indicator for investors and shareholders, as it describes the success of an entity that can be seen from the price of shares. From that understanding it was decided to testing and proving the significance of profitability (ROE), company size (SIZE), leverage (DER), and liquidity (CR) towards company’s value (PBV). This type of research is the entire property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and sampling using purposive sampling with the final sample of 90 surveys. Double linear regression for data analysis methods using the help of SPSS software. From this study obtained results and proved that profitability (ROE) and leverage (DER) have an influence towards company’s value. Whereas, company’s size (SIZE) and liquidity (CR) proved to have no influence towards company’s value.

Tegal Regency regional regulation Number 2 of 2018 concerning Village-Owned Enterprises is a regional policy in the context of increasing the potential of village resources. The hope is that this regional policy can be a solution for developing village potential, which in Tegal district has a lot of village development potential. As well as increasing the potential of village business capabilities. With Village-owned Enterprises, it is hoped that the business potential in Tegal Regency, which has a large number of small and medium businesses and a high entrepreneurial culture, will certainly be the main requirement if the regional government can seize this opportunity to improve and empower the business world in Tegal Regency to the maximum. This research is a Normative Juridical Research on issues relating to the Job Creation Law and Village-Owned Enterprises policies. This research aims to determine the implementation of Tegal regent's regulation number 2 of 2018 concerning village-owned enterprises as well as solutions to obstacles in its implementation., in This research uses a qualitative data analysis method, namely normative juridical which is presented descriptively. Regent's Regulation number 2 of 2018 created a main strategy, namely Tegal Regency's commitment to improving the ranking of all indicators in investment policy in a better direction, structural improvements for all indicators, implementing ease of doing business for all communities, especially micro, small and medium enterprises through village-owned enterprises.

The principle of cooperation is definitely needed in a conversation, because with this principle, speakers and interlocutors can communicate cooperatively. Apart from helping speakers and speech partners achieve common goals in conversation, the maxim of cooperation can also provide a framework for communication to be more efficient and effective, so that it can benefit speakers and speech partners. However, sometimes in a conversation, violations arise from the speaker or speech partner involved and result in a violation of the principle of cooperation. Violations in the principle of cooperation in a speech can cause information defects and give rise to disagreements between the speaker and the speech partner. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of determining and explaining the types of violations of the principle of cooperation in conversations on the content of Lost Youth: "Butchering Cheetahs So that Cheetahs Will Ride in the Afterlife". This research uses pragmatic theoretical methods as well as qualitative descriptive methodological approaches. Collection techniques. The data used is a note-taking technique, namely by watching the video again, then taking notes on conversations that contain violations of the maxim of cooperation. The results of the research show that violations of the principle of cooperation that occur in the content are dominated by violations of the maxim of quantity which is characterized by the discovery of 10 violations of data. , 4 data violations of the maxim of quality, 5 data violations of the maxim of manner, and no violations of the maxim of relevance were found.

Language politeness is the values of politeness or ethics when speaking that are contained in the social rules of society. Language politeness plays an important role in communication because in communicating speakers not only pronounce the sounds of the language, but also ensures that the speech can be accepted by speech partners. Therefore, research on linguistic politeness is interesting to do, especially linguistic politeness in social media that is widely accessed by the public, one of which is the TikTok channel. This research was conducted to identify the principles of language politeness in 2 minutes 46 seconds video on @iamegamei's TikTok channel. The video criticizes the labeling of Indians as Vrindavan or Prindapan with negative connotations that are often done by Indonesian netizens. This research method uses descriptive qualitative pragmatic method with observing and note-taking techniques. Then the data is analyzed using a pragmatic equivalent method. From the research that has been conducted, it is found that the obedience and violation of language politeness thimbles. However, thimble violations dominate, causing language impoliteness in the TikTok video of @iamegamei's account.    

This research is motivated by the use of social media Twitter which attracts its users with informative and popular content. Twitter has succeeded in reaching users from various groups, from officials to the general public. The features in it allow for unlimited communication. This research focuses on analyzing the principles of jokes in tweets from the Twitter account @kaesangp. The principle of joking is a method that is intended to offend feelings by being friendly or in the form of a basis for making conclusions that are true and false; an intentional violation of the maxims of politeness; and disclosure of taboo things in a speech. In accordance with the focus of the research objectives, pragmatic theory is used and is related to the principle of jokes. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The listening method and note-taking technique were used as data collection methods. As the end of the research objective, results were obtained in the form of utterances in tweets from the Twitter account @kaesangp which contained utterances with the principle of joking. The research results were obtained from the classification and decomposition based on the type of joking speech, including satire, banter and jokes. The benefit of this research is to find out the principles of jokes contained in the tweets of related Twitter accounts.

The purpose of this study leads to legal action that can be done by business actors related to losses caused by fictitious orders and legal protection against business actors in online buying and selling transactions Cash on Delivery (COD) payment methods. This type of research is a juridical normative research that leads to legal norms, legal principles and using the statute approach (legislation) and supported by the fact approach (the Fact Approach) and conceptual approach (concept approach). The results of the study that the form of legal protection against business actors who are harmed by consumers is in the form of compensation and/or sanctions against consumers when consumers still do not replace the losses as intended. Although Chapter 13 of the UUPK does not specify criminal sanctions against consumers in particular, this does not mean that consumers can avoid criminal sanctions. Criminal sanctions can be imposed against consumers if the consumer's actions have met the criminal elements. The legal action of business actors against consumers who make fictitious orders can then implement the principle of strict liability, business actors who feel aggrieved over the actions of consumers who are not responsible for the goods that have been ordered can demand compensation or compensation without having to dispute the presence or absence of elements of error on the part of consumers. The threat of punishment obtained against consumers who are proven to have committed fraud will be subject to imprisonment for a maximum of four years in accordance with Article 378 of the Criminal Code.. Therefore, it should pay more attention to legal certainty regarding legal protection not only to consumers but also to business actors. Because basically losses can not only be experienced by consumers but can also be experienced by business actors.

Financial ratio analysis is one way to assess a company's financial performance. This research aims to determine the financial performance of UD. Rubama. The research uses financial management theory based on measuring instruments Debt to Assets Ratio, Debt to Equity ratio, Return On Investment and Return On Equity. The approach used in this research is a descriptive research approach. The samples in this research are UD's balance sheet and profit and loss report. Rubama for the 3 year period 2018-2020. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive data analysis technique, namely collecting data, classifying it in such a way as to obtain a clear picture of the facts that exist as a reality in the object under study. The research results show that the company's financial performance as measured by the solvency ratio (Debt to Assets Ratio) and (Debt to Equity Ratio) is good, because there is an increase in the amount of debt and is followed by an increase in the amount of assets every year and the company is able to emphasize funding using its own capital. The results of the profitability ratio analysis show that the company's ability to generate profits in terms of Return on Investment is good, because the profits are quite high in terms of asset turnover. Meanwhile, in terms of Return On Equity, the company is also good because the company has not been able to maximize its capital to produce optimal net profits, the average during the research period was 36%.

Archives for organizations or institutions have a role as a center for reminders, decision making, evidence and supervision, but many organizations or institutions have not maximized in records management and lack of awareness of archives so that it has an impact on retrieval of archives that are quite long and found to lose records resulting in decreased organizational performance and service quality. To overcome the condition, the Community Service Team held archive management training activities as a form of contribution to the community and helped partners overcome problems faced in organizations or institutions. The activity partners are 25 people from the Student Council Board of SMK Ma'arif NU Doro Pekalongan Regency. The method used is participatory and the material is delivered using the lecture method. This activity was welcomed by the Principal, Student Council Supervisor and Student Council Administrator because it could increase knowledge and skills for Student Council administrators in archive management. The student council board is very enthusiastic about participating in a series of activities and it is hoped that this activity can be sustainable.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a key driver of economic growth in many developing regions, but its effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa has been mixed. This paper examines the dynamics of FDI in the region, exploring both the challenges and opportunities it presents for economic development. The research identifies factors such as political instability, infrastructure deficits, and regulatory barriers that hinder FDI inflows, as well as the potential benefits such as technology transfer, employment, and market expansion. It concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving the FDI climate in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is a learning approach where students learn by actively participating in real projects or tasks. This approach aims to prepare learners to face real-world situations and develop skills relevant to careers and everyday life. The (PjBL) approach was used in the creation of this motion graphics titled "Affordable" with the client LB LIA. The PjBL process involved planning, client needs analysis, conceptualization, production and evaluation. The results show that PjBL helps learners develop a deep understanding of graphic design and effective communication skills with clients. PjBL helped learners develop a deep understanding of graphic design and effective communication skills with clients. Although time management and communication challenges arose, collaboration between students and clients successfully overcame these obstacles so that this motion graphics project could run smoothly. With a focus on project-oriented learning, this article can serve as a guide for those interested in maximizing students' educational experience in the real world.

OZ Radio Jakarta has a weekly program called UNPOP (Unpopular Opinion). The presence of the UNPOP program in the last few months has been able to attract the attention of the public as well as making OZ Radio Jakarta in the top 3 favorite radio stations in Jakarta after Prambors and Mustang FM. Because in this program the broadcaster has a unique way of conveying information. The broadcaster presented his program in a more relaxed manner, seemed familiar, but was able to control his listeners. Therefore, this research aims to determine the role of broadcasters in implementing broadcast techniques and determine the inhibiting and supporting factors for broadcasters in implementing broadcast techniques on the UNPOP OZ Radio Jakarta program in attracting the interest of listeners. In this research, researchers used Broadcaster Role Theory and Broadcast Engineering Theory. This research includes qualitative research with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques carried out by researchers were through in-depth interviews, documentation and direct observation at OZ Radio Jakarta. The results of this research show that the roles used by the broadcasters of the UNPOP OZ Radio Jakarta program include five aspects, namely the role of involving listeners (interactive), the role of speaking rather than speaking, the role of maximizing body expression, the role of a radio showcase and the role of a good listener. This research also found that the selection of broadcast techniques in the UNPOP OZ Radio Jakarta program predominantly uses Ad Libitum broadcast techniques, however there are several situations that require broadcasters to use script reading broadcast techniques such as doing Ad Libs or important information that cannot be improvised.

It is natural that science and technology are currently developing, therefore it is required to be able to determine appropriate learning methods and media to facilitate the teaching and learning process. Until now, the selection and fulfillment of technology-based learning media is still very rarely carried out and implemented. To develop learning media for PBPMD student activities in Patemon village, namely holding community service where the main program is training in making e-books or digital books using multimedia applications as learning media in elementary schools in Patemon village. To maximize the use of Information and Technology (IT)-based media in learning and the supporting facilities available, training and assistance in creating IT-based media is carried out so that education in villages, especially Petemon village, also competes in IT developments.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal protection of children's health rights from the dangers of school snacks in Kupang City. This research is an empirical research, which uses data collection techniques through interviews, documentation studies to obtain primary and secondary data on Legal Protection of Children's Health Rights from the Dangers of School Snacks in Kupang City, with 11 respondents, data analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results showed that the legal protection of school children as consumers of PJAS (School Snack Food) in Kupang City, in conducting legal protection of school children has not been effective because BPOM conducts surveillance in schools in Kupang city only taking sampling from several schools in Kupang city. The efforts of POM Center in Kupang in supervising PJAS (school snacks) in Kupang City, in performing the supervisory function of safe PJAS in Kupang City are limited experts to conduct supervision in the field, the rise of online sales, the low level of public education and the lack of strict law enforcement. (3) Are the prevention efforts carried out by the POM Center in Kupang against PJAS (school snack food) traders in Kupang City, the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency has not been maximized in sanctioning school snack food traders who are proven to use hazardous ingredients in processed food.

This article discusses the implementation of the Integrative Holistic Early Childhood Development Policy in the City of Bogor. This research aims to describe the implementation of HI PAUD policies in Bogor City. This research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. This research uses the Policy Implementation theory according to George C. Edward III, in which there are four indicators to assess the success of a policy, namely (1) Communication, communication has been carried out, but has not been optimal because socialization has not been carried out thoroughly to every PAUD unit; (2) Resources, in terms of the quantity of human resources, are inadequate, causing the delivery of information to be less effective, the limited budget means that the Bogor City Education Office only helps a little in terms of facilities for PAUD units; (3) Disposition, the officers have the knowledge and ability as a form of commitment in implementing the HI PAUD policy, but incentives cannot be given to PAUD Unit managers due to budget limitations; (4) Bureaucratic structure, in implementing HI PAUD policies, implementers only refer to applicable regulations and make adjustments to the conditions of each school. The suggestion from this research is that socialization must be carried out massively, it would be better for the Bogor City Education Office to add personnel, maximize the use of social media and provide incentives to PAUD unit managers.

Human resources are a very important factor in an organization. Medical personnel are human resources to achieve hospital goals. In order for hospital goals to be achieved effectively and efficiently, management is required to be able to provide job satisfaction to its medical personnel. The aim of the research is to determine and analyze the factors that influence the job satisfaction of medical personnel at RSU Sinar Husni Deli Serdang in 2023. The research design used in this research is an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. The population in this study was all medical personnel at RSU Sinar Husni Deli Serdang, totaling 138 people, the number of samples to be studied was 102 people, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling, data analysis was carried out using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. . The statistical tests used are the chi square test and logistic regression. The results of the chi square test research show that the independent variables, namely salary p= 0.001, coworkers p= 0.001, supervision p= 0.002, promotion p= 0.003 and job characteristics p= 0.008 have a p-value of 0.001 < α 0.05, meaning salary , colleagues, supervision, promotions and job characteristics influence job satisfaction of medical personnel at RSU Sinar Husni Deli Serdang and the results of the multiple logistic regression test show that the salary variable has an odds ratio (OR) of 3.188. The conclusion is that salary, co-workers, supervision, promotion and job characteristics influence medical personnel at RSU Sinar Husni Deli Serdang. It is recommended that efforts that need to be made by hospital management are to increase the provision of incentives and rewards for those who are better so that they can motivate them to provide maximum service to patients.    

This research paper explores the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in English Language Teaching (ELT) within the context of Bangladesh. The study delves into the various problems and challenges that educators face while incorporating ICT tools into ELT practices. It examines factors such as limited access to technology, inadequate digital literacy among teachers and students, and infrastructural constraints. The paper also highlights the potential benefits and prospects of utilizing ICT in ELT, including enhanced engagement, interactive learning opportunities, and exposure to authentic language resources. Drawing on qualitative data, the research aims to provide insights into the current status of ICT integration in ELT, shedding light on both barriers and opportunities. This analysis offers recommendations for addressing challenges and maximizing the benefits of ICT integration, thereby contributing to the improvement of English language education in Bangladesh's educational landscape.

Pharmaceutical Services at the Hospital is an integral part of the Hospital's health care system that is patient-oriented, providing Pharmaceutical Preparations Medical Devices, and Medical Materials that are quality and affordable for all levels of society including clinical pharmacy services (Anonymous, 2016) Besed on the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No 179 Menkes/SK/11/2008, the SPM indicator of hospital pharmacy services includes the waiting time for drug services to be a maximum of 30 minutes while the maximum concoction drug is 60 minutes, the absence of medication errors, stalaction customers at least 80% and prescription writing all must refer to the Hospital formulary This study aims to find out the Waiting Time (Respond Time) of Prescription Services for Finished Medicines and drugs mixed with BPJS patients Outpatient in Bangil Hospital. This research is a non-experimental research with descriptive approach, namely the type of research approach to obtain an overview of the state of a group of data based on observations the real thing is, data collection is done in the Outpatient Pharmacy Service at Hangil Hospital, and is carried out for three months. The total mumber of prescription samples erered in the pharmacy installation for three months a 12.587 prescriptions with details of 10,770 prescriptions of JKN BPJS 85.27% 1,808 peral recipes 14 66% and 9 other insurance recipes 0.07% Among the recipe for JKN BPIS obtained during the study were 90.23% of non-concoction recipes and 9.77% of recipe recipes. The results of the study were obtaining results, the number of prescriptions from patients was 85.27% more than prescriptions from general patients 14 66% and other insurance 0.07%. The average waiting time for non-concoction recipe services in 25 minutes, and concoctions are 62 minutes

The high public demand for sunscreen creates business opportunities for entrepreneurs. However, due to this substantial demand, it cannot be denied that some business actors resort to deceptive practices to maximize profits. This includes distributing sunscreen with exaggerated SPF claims or overclaiming SPF, indicating that the lab test results differ from what is stated on the label. The research method employed is qualitative, with a normative-empirical type of juridical research. The findings reveal that overclaiming constitutes a violation of consumer rights under Article 4 of the UUPK. Additionally, business actors infringe upon other provisions, namely, Articles 7, 8, and 17 of the aforementioned law. The responsibility of business actors for SPF overclaims is outlined in Article 19 of the UUPK, compelling them to compensate consumers for resulting damages. This serves as an implementation of Liability Based on Fault and Product Liability.